Effects of Adaptive and Nonadaptive Feeding of Hydrogenated and Raw Herring Oil on Hearts and Livers of Weanling Rats

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1793-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Odense ◽  
H. Brockerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Cardiac Lesions

It has been reported that the feeding of high levels of rapeseed oil to weanling rats leads to the eventual appearance of cardiac lesions. Marine oils have come under suspicion since most of them contain lesser amounts of the long-chain (C20 and C22) monounsaturated acids found in rapeseed oil. Weanling rats, male and female, were given diets containing 18% hydrogenated or raw herring oil for 24 days. Two other groups were adapted gradually to these diets during an initial period of 12 days. Control groups were kept on diets containing corn oil and lard. Histological investigations of the hearts failed to produce any evidence of unusual fat deposition or cardiac damage in any of the rats, either control or experimental. The possibility that a more prolonged feeding of the oil could lead to lesions cannot be excluded. Liver weights, when expressed as fractions of the body weights, were slightly, though significantly, higher (13–27%) in all groups fed with raw or hydrogenated herring oil, but histological examination failed to disclose any difference between these livers and those of the control groups. The experiments indicate that herring oil, raw or hydrogenated, when fed to weanling rats for 24 days, produced no untoward histological changes in the heart or liver tissues.

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF RAPESEED OIL ON WEIGHT GAIN, AND OF GOLDEN RAPESEED OIL ON REPRODUCTION, OF THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
E. R. W. Gregory ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Reproduction Study

Rapeseed oil of the Polish, Golden, or Swedish varieties, corn oil, or mixtures of corn oil and ethyl erucate were fed to weanling rats of the Wistar strain for 9 weeks. Weight gains were inversely related to the content of erucic acid in the diet, confirming previous indications that the growth retarding effect of rapeseed oil is due to its erucic acid. In general, the differences in weight gains could be explained by the effect of rapeseed oil on food consumption.Golden rapeseed oil and corn oil were compared in a reproduction study involving three litters of one generation. Although the young of rats fed rapeseed oil were of lesser weanling weight, there was no difference in the number of animals successfully weaned.

THE DETERMINATION OF THE AVAILABLE CALORIC CONTENT OF RAPESEED OIL BY RAT GROWTH

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Middleton ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rat Growth

The available metabolic energy of rapeseed oil, semihydrogenated rapeseed oil, and corn oil was measured in terms of 7-day body-weight gains of weanling rats fed a calorically restricted diet. Standard bio-assay procedures were used with lard as a reference standard. The oils were fed at three levels equivalent to 5, 9, and 17% of the diet by weight. Growth responses to the three oils and to lard were similar and the calculated caloric content of the oils showed no significant difference from that of lard. A 1 week assay was as precise as a 5 week assay.

Myocardial lesions in rats fed rapeseed oil. II. Effects of castration

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Hulan ◽  
J. K. G. Kramer ◽  
A. H. Corner ◽  
B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heart Lesions ◽  
Myocardial Lesions

The effects of castration on the incidence of myocardial lesions in rats were investigated in an experiment which included two factors: sex (entire males, castrated males, entire females and castrated (ovariohysterectomized) females) and diets (5% corn oil, 20% corn oil, and 20% Brassica napus var. Zephyr rapeseed oil). For 16 weeks, each of the 12 groups of 30 Sprague–Dawley rats, housed 2 per cage, were fed ad libitum the test oils incorporated in a semisynthetic diet. At each weighing, the mean body weights for each diet were highest in entire males followed by castrated males, castrated females, and entire females with all differences significant (P < 0.05). The results indicated that castration did not influence cardiac fatty acid composition. The incidence of myocardial lesions in entire and castrated females and in castrated males was similar while significantly more entire males developed lesions (P < 0.001). Rats fed a diet containing 20% Zephyr rapeseed oil showed a significantly (P < 0.001) higher incidence of heart lesions than did rats fed diets containing 5% or 20% corn oil. Similarly, significantly (P < 0.05) more rats fed the 20% corn oil diet had lesions than rats fed the 5% corn oil diet. The involvement of androgens in the formation of myocardial lesions is suggested, since castration significantly lowered the incidence in males but not in females.

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF RAPESEED OIL ON WEIGHT GAIN, AND OF GOLDEN RAPESEED OIL ON REPRODUCTION, OF THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1191-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
E. R. W. Gregory ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Reproduction Study

Rapeseed oil of the Polish, Golden, or Swedish varieties, corn oil, or mixtures of corn oil and ethyl erucate were fed to weanling rats of the Wistar strain for 9 weeks. Weight gains were inversely related to the content of erucic acid in the diet, confirming previous indications that the growth retarding effect of rapeseed oil is due to its erucic acid. In general, the differences in weight gains could be explained by the effect of rapeseed oil on food consumption.Golden rapeseed oil and corn oil were compared in a reproduction study involving three litters of one generation. Although the young of rats fed rapeseed oil were of lesser weanling weight, there was no difference in the number of animals successfully weaned.

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND GLYCERIDE STRUCTURE IN RATS FED RAPESEED OIL OR CORN OIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Craig ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glyceride Structure ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The fatty acid compositions of liver, skin, abdominal fat, and residual degutted carcass from each of five rats fed diets containing corn or rapeseed oil for 21 weeks were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis of the results showed no significant variations among rats or among cutaneous, abdominal, and carcass fats. In these fat depots, the proportions of fatty acids resembled those of the diet except for palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and erucic acids. Glyceride compositions of the body fats were in agreement with those predicted by Vander Wal's distribution theory.

ELECTROLYTE METABOLISM IN THE RAT EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Baker ◽  
E. A. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Electrolyte Metabolism ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
The Stability

Some observations concerning electrolyte metabolism in rats subjected to single doses of X irradiation and to prolonged exposure to gamma irradiation are described. Blood electrolyte changes were slight even when severe radiation damage was present. During prolonged exposure to gamma irradiation at 60 roentgens per 24 hr. the adrenal glands first increased in weight then decreased to the pre-exposure values. This may represent a type of adaptation to slowly administered irradiation. Balance studies on rats exposed to gamma irradiation at a dose rate of 60 roentgens per 24 hr. showed a small loss of sodium, potassium, and chloride during the initial period of the exposure. During the remainder of the exposure period the sodium and chloride remained nearly in balance although the body weights decreased. Potassium balance remained negative during the exposure. The stability of the electrolyte composition of the blood and of electrolyte balance, in the presence of widespread damage which results from irradiation, is considered highly significant.

ELECTROLYTE METABOLISM IN THE RAT EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Baker ◽  
E. A. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Electrolyte Metabolism ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
The Stability

Some observations concerning electrolyte metabolism in rats subjected to single doses of X irradiation and to prolonged exposure to gamma irradiation are described. Blood electrolyte changes were slight even when severe radiation damage was present. During prolonged exposure to gamma irradiation at 60 roentgens per 24 hr. the adrenal glands first increased in weight then decreased to the pre-exposure values. This may represent a type of adaptation to slowly administered irradiation. Balance studies on rats exposed to gamma irradiation at a dose rate of 60 roentgens per 24 hr. showed a small loss of sodium, potassium, and chloride during the initial period of the exposure. During the remainder of the exposure period the sodium and chloride remained nearly in balance although the body weights decreased. Potassium balance remained negative during the exposure. The stability of the electrolyte composition of the blood and of electrolyte balance, in the presence of widespread damage which results from irradiation, is considered highly significant.

EFFECTS OF VARYING PROPORTIONS OF DIETARY RAPESEED OIL ON THE RAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1225-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
T. K. Murray ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Lipid Excretion

Rapeseed oil, corn oil, and mixtures of the two oils containing 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80% rapeseed oil were fed to weanling rats at levels of 10 and 20% by weight of the purified diet. A significant decrease in body weight gains and in food consumptions occurred with the two highest levels of rapeseed oil, that is, 16 and 20% by weight of the total diet. At the same levels there was an increased lipid excretion. Corn oil and rapeseed oil which had been heated to 200 °C. for 120 hours produced no changes in weight gains when fed at the 10% level, but exhibited some growth-retarding effects at the 20% level. At both levels heated corn oil and rapeseed oil increased the liver weight of male rats.

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND GLYCERIDE STRUCTURE IN RATS FED RAPESEED OIL OR CORN OIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Craig ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glyceride Structure ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The fatty acid compositions of liver, skin, abdominal fat, and residual degutted carcass from each of five rats fed diets containing corn or rapeseed oil for 21 weeks were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis of the results showed no significant variations among rats or among cutaneous, abdominal, and carcass fats. In these fat depots, the proportions of fatty acids resembled those of the diet except for palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and erucic acids. Glyceride compositions of the body fats were in agreement with those predicted by Vander Wal's distribution theory.

THE VALUE OF ADDING IRON AND NONFAT DRY MILK SOLIDS TO A MILK DIET IN THE RECOVERY OF ANEMIC RATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
B. J. Demott
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Ferric Pyrophosphate ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Nonfat Dry Milk ◽  
Milk Solids

Weanling rats were fed only homogenized vitamin D milk for 3 weeks at which time the body weights were about 105 g and the hematocrit values were 20.4 for males and 22.8 for females. They were then fed milk plus 10 ppm elemental iron in the form of ferric pyrophosphate, milk plus 10% added nonfat dry milk solids, or milk plus 10 ppm iron plus 10% nonfat dry milk solids. After 3 weeks on the milk-plus-iron diets, the hematocrit values for males and females were about 30 and 40, respectively. Weekly body weights and hematocrit values showed the two iron-supplemented diets to be nutritionally similar (P&gt;.05) when rats were fed ad libitum. Rats fed milk plus added nonfat dry milk solids were significantly lower (P&lt;.05) in body weight after 10 weeks of age and significantly lower (P&lt;.05) in hematocrit value after 8 weeks as compared to rats fed either of the iron-supplemented diets.

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