Effect of the Ingestion of Porrocaecum (Codworm) on Growth, Voluntary Intake and Feed Efficiency of Beagle Pups

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Crampton ◽  
E. Donefer ◽  
Donna J. Schad
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
General Health ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Voluntary Intake

In a series of four feeding trials involving 94 beagle pups, it was shown that supplementation of a control ration with codworms at levels up to 80 per day (equivalent to 80 per 1000 Calories of intake), did not significantly impair the efficiency of feed utilization or induce any deterioration in the general health of the pups. Digestibility of this control ration, which consisted of dog meal plus a meat source, was not significantly altered by the addition of 20 codworms to the daily intake of each pup.

scholarly journals 146 Survey of residual feed intake in Katahdin and Texel lambs in a feedlot environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
Camren l Maierle ◽  
Andrew R Weaver ◽  
Eugene Felton ◽  
Scott P Greiner ◽  
Scott A Bowdridge
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Meaningful Improvement ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Test Population ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

Abstract Residual feed intake (RFI) is quickly becoming the preferred measurement of efficiency in many species due to its inherent independence of most other important production traits. Making meaningful improvement in feed efficiency of sheep will require a consistent methodology to accurately identify efficient individuals. Due to difficulty in measuring this trait efforts must be made to incorporate efficiency data in large-scale genetic evaluations. The aim of this study was to evaluate lambs in a feedlot with large-scale genetic evaluations for feed efficiency calculated by residual feed intake (RFI) utilizing a Growsafe™ system. RFI was calculated by subtracting expected intake from actual intake. Expected intake was determined by regressing metabolic body size of mid-test weight. Regression determined ADG on actual intake for individuals in the population. Texel (n = 58) and Katahdin (n = 118) lambs were placed in a feedlot and fed in separate feeding trials, a complete pellet ad libitum as the sole source of nutrition. In this environment Texel and Katahdin lambs had expected ADG values (0.27 kg/day, 0.32 kg/day respectively) and actual intake data (2154.17 g/day, 1909.33 g/day respectively. After a period of adaptation, Texel average intake was determined over a period of 27 consecutive days and used to calculate individual RFI within the test population. Observable ranges of RFI (-0.62 – +0.62) were seen in the Texel lambs. At the start of the Katahdin trial lambs were separated by sex and FEC treatment. After a period of adaptation, Katahdin average intake was determined over a period of 42 consecutive days and used to calculate individual RFI within the test population. Observable ranges of RFI (-0.53 – +0.50) were seen in the Katahdin lambs as well. In both feeding trials RFI appeared to be normally distributed. Use of this technology may be useful in identifying superior individuals for feed efficiency.

EFFECT OF COMPOSITION AND PROCESSING OF DIETS ON PERFORMANCE OF HOLSTEIN STEERS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
B. A. Duck ◽  
H. H. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Improve Rate

Feeding trials involving a total of 78 Holstein steers and utilizing barley diets were conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E and trace minerals, hay, diethylstilbestrol, and physical form of the barley on rate of gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics.In the first trial, a basal diet containing 13.2% crude protein was used. Inclusion of a vitamin E, manganese, zinc, copper and sulfur supplement, 10% hay, or urea in the pelleted diets, or implantation with 9 mg of diethylstilbestrol at the initial weight of 92 kg did not improve rate of gain or dressing percent (P < 0.05). The inclusion of 10% hay reduced feed efficiency (P < 0.05).In the second trial in which dry-rolled, steam-rolled, dry-rolled and pelleted, and steam-rolled and pelleted barley diets were fed, the dry-rolled diet gave slower gains than the diets containing steam-rolled barley or steam-rolled, pelleted barley (P < 0.05). Implanting steers fed the steam-rolled, pelleted diet with 24 mg of diethylstilbestrol at 240 kg liveweight increased rate of gain over other treatments (P < 0.05). Treatments did not affect feed efficiency. Dressing percent was increased in steers fed steam-rolled barley in comparison with those fed dry-rolled barley.

GROWTH DEPRESSING FACTORS IN RAPESEED OILMEAL: II. STUDIES ON COUNTERACTION BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
Elinor Baker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Feeding Trials

Five experiments were reported, involving a total of over 350 mice, in feeding trials concerned mainly with growth rates and feed utilization. One experiment involved gestation-lactation performance of mice fed rapeseed oilmeal as a ration component.Proportions of rapeseed oilmeal ranged from 17 to 50 per cent of the diet. The feeding of iodinated casein or of potassium iodide failed to counteract the growth-depressant factor in rapeseed oilmeal. Aureomycin as a feed supplement was ineffective against the factor.Growth, tissue composition and lactation data confirmed the deleterious nature of high levels of rapeseed oilmeal in the ration and provided evidence that species and sex differences in response to the rapeseed oilmeal factor exist. Males appeared to be more severely affected than females. Mice did not respond to iodine and to iodinated casein as has been reported for chickens and turkeys.

scholarly journals Productive performance, body chemical composition, and deposition of 42-day-old quail for meat subjected to quantitative dietary restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane De Oliveira Grieser ◽  
Simara Márcia Marcato ◽  
Mariana Fátima Zanon Ferreira ◽  
Taciana Maria de Oliveira-Bruxel ◽  
Vittor Zancanela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study aimed to assess the effect of quantitative dietary restriction during refeeding on the performance, body chemical composition, and deposition, weight gain of organs and carcass parts of quails reared for meat (Coturnix coturnix coturnix). A total of 144 quails, between 11 to 42 days old, were distributed in a completely randomized design, 4x2 factorial scheme, at four levels of feed restriction (ad libitum, 30%, 50% and 70% restrictions on the daily intake ad libitum) for both genders. Therefore, there was eight treatments with three replicates and six birds each. At the tenth day of age, the animals were housed in cages, where remained for four days under adaptation. Dietary restriction was applied between the days 15 and 35 while refeeding was carried out from day 36 to 42. Compensatory weight gain (CWG), i.e. weight gain of organs and carcass parts, and feed efficiency (FE) were improved for quails under feed restriction. Fat (F), crude protein (CP), protein deposition rate (PDR) and fat in females (FDf) and carcass retained energy in females (CREf) increased linearly as restriction levels decreased. Maximum estimates of feed intake for males (MFIm), compensatory weight gain for males (CWGm) and females (CWGf), feed efficiency for males (FEm), protein deposition for males (PDm) and carcass retained energy in males (CREm) were obtained with restriction levels of 43.56%, 30.56%, 63.93%, 62.63%, 80.25%, 1.94% and 09.34% if compared to ad libitum, respectively. As a result, we concluded that according to quantitative feed restriction level, significant increases in feed efficiency and body weight gain, as well as decreases in carcass fat throughout quail refeeding period. As for gender, given the existing sexual dimorphism, females lost greater body weight than males under dietary restriction, besides showing higher protein and fat gains in the carcass and an enhanced feed efficiency during refeeding.

scholarly journals Productive performance of finishing lambs fed with faveleira fodder salt (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
João Vinícius Barbosa Roberto ◽  
Bonifácio Benicio de Souza ◽  
Gabriel Jorge Carneiro de Oliveira  ◽  
Jaime Miguel de Araujo Filho ◽  
Thaiz Lamy Alves Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

This study evaluated food intake and productive performance of crossbred (½ Santa Inês x ½ dorper) lambs supplemented with different levels of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) fodder salt. Thirty male sheep fed tifton grass hay, water, and faveleira fodder salt were randomly allocated into five treatments with six replicates each. The treatments consisted of diets with different inclusion levels of faveleira hay in the fodder salt composition: Treatment 1 (1% mineral salt + 99% faveleira hay), Treatment 2 (3% mineral salt + 97% faveleira hay), Treatment 3 (5% mineral salt + 95% faveleira hay), Treatment 4 (7% mineral salt + 93% faveleira hay), and Treatment 5 (Control - 100% mineral salt). Intake of dry matter, tifton hay and water, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency were not affected by fodder salt supplementation (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in fodder salt intake between Treatments 4 and 5, and daily intake was higher in animals submitted to Treatment 4 (61.0 g day-1). Mineral salt intake increased significantly with increasing mineral salt levels in the diet. However, no significant difference was observed in average daily gain across treatments, indicating that faveleira hay, even in small quantities, and tifton hay were able to meet the nutritional requirements of animals to support a good average daily gain. The inclusion of up to 99% faveleira hay in fodder salt formulations did not affect voluntary intake of forage, water and dry matter, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency. Lambs supplemented with faveleira fodder salt had average daily gains within the optimal range for slaughter and high feed conversion and feed efficiency values. Faveleira was shown to be an effective supplementary feed alternative in sheep.

FACTORS AFFECTING RYE (SECALE CEREALE L.) UTILIZATION IN GROWING CHICKS. III. THE INFLUENCE OF MILLING FRACTIONS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MISIR ◽  
R. R. MARQUARDT
Keyword(s):  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Three experiments were conducted with growing chicks to study the influence of feeding diets containing different milling fractions of wheat and rye or combinations of these fractions. The diets were formulated to provide protein in excess of or below the minimum requirements of the chicks. The results of the feeding trials indicate that rye contained at least two detrimental factors: an appetite-depressing factor located primarily in the bran, and a growth-depressing factor present in all the fractions (bran, flour and middlings). This latter factor was also associated with the reduction in the efficiency of feed utilization, an increase in the excreta wetness and excreta volatile fatty acid concentration and consequent lowering of the excreta pH. The depression in the weight gain and the efficiency of feed utilization appeared to be accentuated by feeding low protein diets and was partially overcome by penicillin supplementation of the diets. Feeding a combination of two or more milling fractions of rye greatly magnified the detrimental effects as evidenced by marked depressions in weight gains and feed conversion efficiencies. Alkylresorcinols in rye did not appear to be detrimental to chick performance.

The relationship between apparent retention time in the rumen, voluntary intake, and apparent digestibility of legume and grass diets in sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Thornton ◽  
DJ Minson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
The Relationship

Eight grasses and six legumes were fed ad libitum at hourly intervals to wethers fitted with large rumen fistulas to determine voluntary intake, apparent digestibility, and the apparent retention time of organic matter in the rumen, as well as the quantity of rumen digesta and the organic matter content of the rumen digesta. The voluntary intake of legumes was 28% higher than that of equally digestible grasses. This difference was caused by a shorter retention time (17%) and a higher amount of organic matter (14%) in the rumen digesta from legume diets than from grass diets. The weight of wet digesta in the rumen of sheep fed on legumes was 7% lower than from those fed on grass. Neither the quantity of digesta nor the quantity of organic matter in the rumen was related to the voluntary intake, digestibility, or retention time of organic matter in the rumen. Number of jaw movements each day and rate of cotton thread digestion were not related to the retention time of the diets either. Daily intake of digestible organic matter (DOMI, g/day) was closely correlated with retention time (RTOM, hr) for the feeds in this study (r = –0.93) and the same relation applied to both temperate and tropical feeds, viz. DOMI = 1276–50.7 RTOM (r=0.96) Differences in voluntary intake between grasses and legumes were attributed to differences in retention time and the density to which the food was packed in the rumen.

Bromocriptine-induced reduction of body fat in pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Southern ◽  
A. H. Cincotta ◽  
A. H. Meier ◽  
T. D. Bidner ◽  
K. L. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Fat Thickness

Abstract An experiment was conducted with 36 crossbred finishing pigs (18 male castrates and 18 females) to evaluate the effect of bromocriptine implants on growth, feed intake, feed efficiency, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and carcass characteristics. Three levels of bromocriptine (0, 5 and 10 mg/[pig·d]) were administered, via implants at the base of the ear, to six (two replicates of three) male castrates or to six (two replicates of three) intact female pigs (2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments). Average initial weight of pigs at the time of implantation was 89.7 kg, and the implants remained in the pigs for 28 (replicate 1) or 30 (replicate 2) d prior to slaughter. Gain, feed intake and efficiency of feed utilization were not affected (P > .10) by bromocriptine. Plasma urea nitrogen was lower in female pigs administered 10 mg bromocriptine; bromocriptine did not affect PUN of male pigs (gender × bromocriptine, P < .08). Tenth rib fat thickness and average backfat thickness were lower (P < .06) and percentage of muscling was higher (P < .06) in pigs implanted with bromocriptine. Female pigs had less 10th rib fat but larger loin eye areas and a greater percentage of muscling than male pigs.

scholarly journals Generation of Multi-Transgenic Pigs Using PiggyBac Transposons Co-expressing Pectinase, Xylanase, Cellulase, β-1.3-1.4-Glucanase and Phytase

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoqiang Wang ◽  
Guoling Li ◽  
Cuili Zhong ◽  
Jianxin Mo ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Cell Cloning ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Enzymatic Assays ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Low Levels

The current challenges facing the pork industry are to maximize feed efficiency and minimize fecal emissions. Unlike ruminants, pigs lack several digestive enzymes such as pectinase, xylanase, cellulase, β-1.3-1.4-glucanase, and phytase which are essential to hydrolyze the cell walls of grains to release endocellular nutrients into their digestive tracts. Herein, we synthesized multiple cellulase and pectinase genes derived from lower organisms and then codon-optimized these genes to be expressed in pigs. These genes were then cloned into our previously optimized XynB (xylanase)- EsAPPA (phytase) bicistronic construct. We then successfully generated transgenic pigs that expressed the four enzymes [Pg7fn (pectinase), XynB (xylanase), EsAPPA (phytase), and TeEGI (cellulase and β-glucanase)] using somatic cell cloning. The expression of these genes was parotid gland specific. Enzymatic assays using the saliva of these founders demonstrated high levels of phytase (2.0∼3.4 U/mL) and xylanase (0.25∼0.42 U/mL) activities, but low levels of pectinase (0.06∼0.08 U/mL) activity. These multi-transgenic pigs are expected to contribute to enhance feed utilization and reduce environmental impact.

BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITY, SERUM PROGESTERONE AND FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE OF HEIFERS FED MELENGESTROL ACETATE AND MONENSIN

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON ◽  
J. G. MANNS ◽  
H. H. NICHOLSON ◽  
G. ANNE HARROP
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Melengestrol Acetate ◽  
Additive Control ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of melengestrol acetate (MGA, The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.) and monensin (Rumensin, Elanco Division, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.) on estrous activity and feedlot performance of 96 yearling Hereford heifers (293 kg) were evaluated. Monensin was included at 33 mg/kg diet, except during the first 14 days when 11 mg/kg was fed; heifers received 0.4 mg MGA/head/day. The four treatments were: (1) no additive (control); (2) monensin; (3) MGA; (4) monensin plus MGA. The heifers were fed a finishing diet containing 66% barley and 30% brome-alfalfa hay for 98 days. Blood samples for progesterone analysis were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 63, 70, 77 and 84 days after the start of the experiment. Morning and evening checks for estrous activity were made daily. Organic matter and crude protein digestion coefficients were increased (P < 0.05) by monensin, MGA and monensin plus MGA. Estrous activity was suppressed (P < 0.01) in heifers fed MGA and those fed monensin plus MGA. Serum progesterone concentrations in MGA and monensin plus MGA heifers were 42 and 51% lower (P < 0.01) than control values, respectively. Monensin improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency by 6%. MGA increased (P < 0.05) daily gain by 12% but had no effect on feed utilization. Heifers fed monensin plus MGA gained 17% (P < 0.05) faster and utilized feed 9% more efficiently than control heifers. These results show that MGA suppressed estrous activity in feedlot heifers, and that improvements in daily gain and feed efficiency were greatest with MGA and monensin, respectively.

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