GROWTH DEPRESSING FACTORS IN RAPESEED OILMEAL: II. STUDIES ON COUNTERACTION BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
Elinor Baker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Feeding Trials

Five experiments were reported, involving a total of over 350 mice, in feeding trials concerned mainly with growth rates and feed utilization. One experiment involved gestation-lactation performance of mice fed rapeseed oilmeal as a ration component.Proportions of rapeseed oilmeal ranged from 17 to 50 per cent of the diet. The feeding of iodinated casein or of potassium iodide failed to counteract the growth-depressant factor in rapeseed oilmeal. Aureomycin as a feed supplement was ineffective against the factor.Growth, tissue composition and lactation data confirmed the deleterious nature of high levels of rapeseed oilmeal in the ration and provided evidence that species and sex differences in response to the rapeseed oilmeal factor exist. Males appeared to be more severely affected than females. Mice did not respond to iodine and to iodinated casein as has been reported for chickens and turkeys.

The effect of antibiotic dietary supplements on the carcass measurements and dressing percentage of bacon pigs

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Harrington ◽  
J. H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
And Control

1. Certain carcass measurements (length, shoulder and mid-back fats, belly thickness and dressing percentage) made on a total of 402 bacon pigs from four antibiotic feeding trials have been analysed.2. The length of the carcasses showed more variation between pens treated with various doses of penicillin than between control pens or pens treated with aureomycin. This greater variation in length was related to the greater variation in growth rate between the penicillin treatments. No differences in the mean lengths of control, penicillin and aureomycin treatments were found.3. Back fat measurements and belly thickness showed no differences between aureomycin, penicillin and control treatments in overall tests.4. Aureomycin consistently gave higher dressing percentages than penicillin. Animal protein also gave higher dressing percentages than vegetable protein, but no effect of vitamin B12 on this quantity was found.

The effect of level of environment on sex differences in pre-weaning growth rate in beef cattle

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Simple Regression

SUMMARYUsing pre-weaning records of 3822 calves from 11 Victorian herds, mean male and female growth rates and corresponding sex differences were calculated for each dam age and herd-year class. From these means simple regression equations relating sex differences and growth rates were calculated. There was a close similarity between equations based on dam age means and those based on herd-year means while correlations between sex differences and male growth rates were high.These results showed that sex differences and female growth rates could be predicted reliably from the level of environment as measured by male growth rate. Sex differences predicted by these regression relationships differed markedly from those predicted by the simple multiplicative and simple additive models generally used in adjusting for sex differences in selection.The results also suggested that other differences such as breed differences may be predictable in the same way and that such differences are determined primarily by the level of environment per se rather than differences in the nature of the components contributing to that level.

Lactation performance of goats and growth rates of kids under different milking and rearing methods in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruvuna ◽  
T. C. Cartwright ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
S. Chema
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
East African ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Least Squares Techniques

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to test different milking procedures for dual-purpose goats that would be suitable for smallholder farmers. In experiment 1, 105 East African and Galla does that kidded to singles were randomly assigned to three treatments: (a) milking in absence of kid and kid sucking residual; (b) milking in presence of kid and kid sucking residual; and (c) milking once a week and kid sucking all milk 6 days of the week. In experiment 2, 45 Galla does that kidded to singles were randomly assigned to three treatments: (a) weigh-suckle-weigh; (b) milking half udder while kid sucking other half and (c) kid sucking all milk in the evening and milking mornings. Measurements of milk yield, milk sucked and weights of kids were taken for 12 weeks of lactation.Results were analysed using least-squares techniques for unequal subclass numbers. Milking in the presence of kids increased does' milk yield. This increase was attributed to the stimulation of milk let-down by the presence of kids. Although this method potentially provided most milk for dairy use, less residual milk was left to sustain growth of kids. Estimates of total milk yield by milking once a week underestimated milk yield potential of the East African and Galla breeds. Results indicated an appropriate method for estimating milk potential should combine both milked and sucked milk measurements. Restricting milk available to the kids reduced their growth rates and thus indirectly affected their maturing rates. No milking procedure proved to be superior all-around for the smallholder for milking goats. To resolve this dilemma, use of an optimizing technique including socio-economic weighting of milk for family use relative to milk for kids was proposed.

FACTORS AFFECTING RYE (SECALE CEREALE L.) UTILIZATION IN GROWING CHICKS. III. THE INFLUENCE OF MILLING FRACTIONS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MISIR ◽  
R. R. MARQUARDT
Keyword(s):  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Three experiments were conducted with growing chicks to study the influence of feeding diets containing different milling fractions of wheat and rye or combinations of these fractions. The diets were formulated to provide protein in excess of or below the minimum requirements of the chicks. The results of the feeding trials indicate that rye contained at least two detrimental factors: an appetite-depressing factor located primarily in the bran, and a growth-depressing factor present in all the fractions (bran, flour and middlings). This latter factor was also associated with the reduction in the efficiency of feed utilization, an increase in the excreta wetness and excreta volatile fatty acid concentration and consequent lowering of the excreta pH. The depression in the weight gain and the efficiency of feed utilization appeared to be accentuated by feeding low protein diets and was partially overcome by penicillin supplementation of the diets. Feeding a combination of two or more milling fractions of rye greatly magnified the detrimental effects as evidenced by marked depressions in weight gains and feed conversion efficiencies. Alkylresorcinols in rye did not appear to be detrimental to chick performance.

COMPARISON OF BARLEY CULTIVARS IN DIETS FOR GROWING-FINISHING PIGS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
K. E. BOWREN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Seed Yields

One-hectare plots of two-row (Fairfield, Fergus and Klages) and six-row (Bonanza, Klondike and Peguis) barley cultivars were seeded on fallow. Seed yields, kg dry matter/ha, ranged from 4374 (Peguis) to 6425 (Fairfield) in 1977 and from 3028 (Klages) to 4871 (Fergus) in 1978. Protein (N × 6.25) contents were lower in 1977, 11.3 to 13.1 vs. 13.1 to 14.3% of dry matter. During the following winters, each cultivar was used as 87.5% of a standard diet fed ad libitum to eight pigs from approximately 25 to 93 kg liveweight. Within feeding trials I and II, growth rates (averaging 798 ± 19 and 786 ± 24 g/day, respectively), efficiencies of feed conversion (EFC) and carcass measurements were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by cultivar. However, the trend for diets based on two-row cultivars to be superior in EFC was supported by their higher apparent digestibilities of energy (80.8 vs. 71.8%) and of nitrogen (73.5 vs. 65.7%) in the 1978 diets. A palatability study using these diets indicated the pigs’ preference for two-row over six-row barleys.

The effect of three suckling regimes on the lactation performance of Cyprus fat-tailed, Chios and Awassi sheep and the growth rate of the lambs

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lawlor ◽  
A. Louca ◽  
A. Mavrogenis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARYNinety-nine ewes, 33 from each of the Cyprus fat-tailed, Chios and Awassi breeds, were used to compare the effects of three suckling regimes on lactation. These consisted of weaning the lambs at birth (W0), 2 days (W2) and 35 days (W35). The 35-day, 150-day and total milk yields, as well as lactation length, were measured for each group. The lambs weaned from the ewes at birth and 2 days were reared on ewe-milk replacer. The growth rate of these lambs was compared with that of the lambs being suckled by their dams, before and after weaning.In all cases the milk yields of the Chios and Awassi breeds of sheep were significantly higher (P<0·01) than those of the Cyprus fat-tailed. Within each breed the 35-day milk yields of the ewes suckling one lamb were significantly higher (P<0·01) than those of the ewes on the W0 or W2 treatments, which themselves did not differ significantly. While the 150-day milk yields of the W35 treatment were significantly higher than those of the W0 or W2 treatments, the differences between suckling regimes in terms of total milk yield and lactation length were not significant. It is concluded that differences in milk yield obtained on different suckling regimes are attributable solely to the length of time that the lambs are suckled by their dams.Prior to weaning the growth rate of the lambs given the ewe-milk replacer was significantly lower than that of the lambs suckled by their dams. There were no differences in the growth rates of these groups of lambs when both were fattened on a creep feed after weaning.

Birth weight, liveweight gain in early life, and subsequent gain in sheep and cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Wardrop
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Significant Gain ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

The relationships between birth weight, liveweight gain in early life, and subsequent gain of cattle and sheep grazing improved pastures were studied. In both species the correlations between liveweights at each age were highly significant. For female lambs, but not for males, birth weight was significantly correlated with the subsequent liveweight gain to 3 weeks, and this gain was significantly correlated with the subsequent gain to 17 weeks of age. These sex differences could be explained by the more variable growth rates of the female lambs. Ewe milk production and lamb milk intakes from birth to 3 weeks of age were significantly correlated with the liveweight gain over that period, but not with the subsequent gain. In cattle the correlation between birth weight and the liveweight gain to 6 weeks of age was non-significant. Gain from birth to 6 weeks was significantly correlated with gain between 6 and 36 weeks of age (weaning), but not with gain between 36 and 89 weeks (slaughter). The correlations between the gains, birth or 6 weeks to weaning, with the subsequent gains to slaughter were highly significant.

The lactation performance of red deer on hill and improved species pastures

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. I. Loudon ◽  
A. D. Darroch ◽  
J. A. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

SummaryThree groups of red deer hinds of 9–10 years of age were grazed upon an indigenous hill pasture (A), an improved species grass sward (predominantly perennial ryegrass) maintained at < 1500 kg D.M./ha (B), and one maintained at 2000 kg D.M./ha (C) from immediately after calving on 29 May until weaning on 22 September. Numbers of hinds in each treatment were 8, 6 and 9 respectively. Milk yields of hinds were estimated on swards A and C by the calf-suckling technique and hind and calf live-weight changes and hind grazing behaviour were recorded on all three swards during lactation.Hinds on award C yielded on average 60% more milk over the lactation period than hinds on sward A, day 40 yields being 2·2 and 1·5 kg/day respectively. Calf growth rates (treatment A, 257 ± 9·5, B, 324 ± 12·1 and C, 369 ± 14·5 g/day) were higher on the improved species sward than on the hill sward and higher on the improved sward with the greater herbage mass. On treatments A and C calf growth rates were significantly (P < 0·05, r = 0·69) correlated with milk yield throughout lactation. At weaning, calves on sward C were 7·5 and 4·5 kg heavier than those on swards A and B respectively. Biting rates were lower (33 v. 56 bites/min) and grazing times higher (11.7 v. 6.0 h) on sward A than swards B and C. The poorer performance of hinds and their calves on sward A was considered to be due to a lower quality of diet ingested, and to behavioural limitations on intake occurring when hinds graze indigenous swards of relatively high species diversity. These results are discussed in relation to the grazing behaviour of cattle and sheep on similar swards.The significance of the results to red deer farming in the U.K. is briefly discussed.

Effect of the Ingestion of Porrocaecum (Codworm) on Growth, Voluntary Intake and Feed Efficiency of Beagle Pups

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Crampton ◽  
E. Donefer ◽  
Donna J. Schad
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
General Health ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Voluntary Intake

In a series of four feeding trials involving 94 beagle pups, it was shown that supplementation of a control ration with codworms at levels up to 80 per day (equivalent to 80 per 1000 Calories of intake), did not significantly impair the efficiency of feed utilization or induce any deterioration in the general health of the pups. Digestibility of this control ration, which consisted of dog meal plus a meat source, was not significantly altered by the addition of 20 codworms to the daily intake of each pup.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document