The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: XVII. Value of B-Vitamins in Fish Flesh for Growth of Young Rats

1947 ◽  
Vol 7a (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Marine Products

The fleshes tested as sources of the B-vitamins for the growth of young rats are listed in the order of decreasing value: pork, beef, white spring salmon, halibut, lemon sole, and lingcod. Pork flesh permitted a maximal rate of growth. The principal vitamin deficiencies found in the other fleshes are indicated in decreasing order of magnitude: beef—thiamine, riboflavin; white spring salmon—riboflavin, thiamine; halibut—riboflavin and pantothenic acid, thiamine; lemon sole and lingcod—thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid.

The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: XVI. The Biological Value of Fish Flesh Proteins

1947 ◽  
Vol 7a (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Marine Products

The biological values of the crude flesh proteins of lingcod, halibut, lemon sole, and white spring salmon have been determined by growth and nitrogen retention methods using young Wistar rats as experimental animals. Additional values obtained by the growth method are reported for herring and red snapper. For comparative purposes, values were also secured on crude beef flesh proteins, egg albumin, and casein. The figures obtained for the flesh proteins from the four types of fish were of the same order of magnitude, and they were higher than those procured for the other protein foods tested. An examination of the gains in weight was carried out by the co-variance method in which the variance of the actual gains, freed from the effects of varying food consumption by regression, was subjected to analysis. This test indicated that the differences in the average weight gains between the rats fed fish flesh and those fed the other protein foods were highly significant. Data on the effect of sex on the determination of biological values are, submitted along with an explanation which helps to resolve conflicting reports on this point.

PROXIMATE PRINCIPLES AND B-VITAMINS IN SASKATCHEWAN FEED GRAINS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Hoppner ◽  
B. D. Owen ◽  
F. W. Sosulski
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
The Mean

The proximate principles, and thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid were studied in wheat (Canthatch and Selkirk), barley (Husky, Parkland and Hannchen) and oats (Garry and Rodney) grown in 1964 and 1965 at 16 locations representing the main soil types and zones in Saskatchewan. Percentages of the proximate principles were similar to those reported in the literature except for crude protein, which was considerably higher in all three grains. Vitamin levels in several instances differed markedly from those reported elsewhere. Standard deviations were approximately 2% of the mean for nitrogen-free-extract; 10% for the other proximate constituents; 15–20% for thiamine, riboflavin and nicotinic acid; and 20–30% for pantothenic acid.The practical significance of soil zone, variety and year effects is discussed. Correlations between levels of the various nutrients were, for the most part, similar to those reported by other workers.

Comparison of the Potency of 8-L-Arginine, 8-D-Arginine and 8-D-Homoarginine Vasopressin Analogs with Substituted Phenylalanine in Position 2

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1439-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Žertová ◽  
Jiřina Slaninová ◽  
Zdenko Procházka
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Basic Amino Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Inhibitory Potency ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

An analysis of the uterotonic potencies of all analogs having substituted L- or D-tyrosine or -phenylalanine in position 2 and L-arginine, D-arginine or D-homoarginine in position 8 was made. The series of analogs already published was completed by the solid phase synthesis of ten new analogs having L- or D-Phe, L- or D-Phe(2-Et), L- or D-Phe(2,4,6-triMe) or D-Tyr(Me) in position 2 and either L- or D-arginine in position 8. All newly synthesized analogs were found to be uterotonic inhibitors. Deamination increases both the agonistic and antagonistic potency. In the case of phenylalanine analogs the change of configuration from L to D in position 2 enhances the uterotonic inhibition for more than 1 order of magnitude. The L to D change in position 8 enhances the inhibitory potency negligibly. Prolongation of the side chain of the D-basic amino acid in position 8 seems to decrease slightly the inhibitory potency if there is L-substituted amino acid in position 2. On the other hand there is a tendency to the increase of the inhibitory potency if there is D-substituted amino acid in position 2.

The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: XIII. Mineral Constituents of the Flesh, Skin, Bone and Free Liquor in Canned British Columbia Coho (Blueback) Salmon

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-475
Author(s):  
W. A. Riddell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Calcium Orthophosphate ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Mineral Constituents

Determinations of the Ca, Mg, Na, K, P and Cl content were made and the ratios of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus oxides suggest the presence of calcium and magnesium metaphosphates in the ash of the flesh, calcium metaphosphate in that from the skin and tribasic calcium orthophosphate in that from the bone.

scholarly journals On the 2PN Periastron Precession of the Double Pulsar PSR J0737–3039A/B

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Iorio
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Binary Pulsars ◽  
Orbital Phase ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
The Moment

One of the post-Keplerian (PK) parameters determined in timing analyses of several binary pulsars is the fractional periastron advance per orbit kPK. Along with other PK parameters, it is used in testing general relativity once it is translated into the periastron precession ω˙PK. It was recently remarked that the periastron ω of PSR J0737–3039A/B may be used to measure/constrain the moment of inertia of A through the extraction of the general relativistic Lense–Thirring precession ω˙LT,A≃−0.00060∘yr−1 from the experimentally determined periastron rate ω˙obs provided that the other post-Newtonian (PN) contributions to ω˙exp can be accurately modeled. Among them, the 2PN seems to be of the same order of magnitude of ω˙LT,A. An analytical expression of the total 2PN periastron precession ω˙2PN in terms of the osculating Keplerian orbital elements, valid not only for binary pulsars, is provided, thereby elucidating the subtleties implied in correctly calculating it from k1PN+k2PN and correcting some past errors by the present author. The formula for ω˙2PN is demonstrated to be equivalent to that obtainable from k1PN+k2PN by Damour and Schäfer expressed in the Damour–Deruelle (DD) parameterization. ω˙2PN actually depends on the initial orbital phase, hidden in the DD picture, so that −0.00080∘yr−1≤ω˙2PN≤−0.00045∘yr−1. A recently released prediction of ω˙2PN for PSR J0737–3039A/B is discussed.

scholarly journals Cultivation of Milky Mushroom (Calocybeindica) in Greenhouse

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
P. Indraja ◽  
M. Madhava ◽  
S. Satyam ◽  
P. R. Chandra ◽  
S. Joy Prince
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Mushroom cultivation is one of the most important steps in diversification of agriculture. Milky mushroom (Calocybeindica) is a tropical edible mushroom, popular because of its good nutritive value and it can be cultivated commercially on large scale. Generally, by creating controlled environment in rooms mushroom cultivation is taken up, In traditional method  it is typical to manage the atmospheric temperature and humidity in desired range, which can be maintained easily in greenhouse by automatic control system.Cultivation of milky mushroom in greenhouse was taken up in controlled environment under three different conditions of controlled temperature and relative humidity (RH). The experimental conditions are 28°C and 79% RH, 24°C and 84% RH and 32°C and 72%RH. The yield obtained was found maximum at 24°C temperature and 84% relative humidity when compared with the other two greenhouse environment conditions. The yield from the mushroom cultivation under controlled environmental conditions in greenhouse was found to be high when compared with the conventional practice. It was concluded that, the mushroom cultivation yields high under controlled greenhouse conditions and also economical compared to the conventional method.

scholarly journals Adaptive laboratory evolution and reverse engineering of single-vitamin prototrophies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Perli ◽  
Dewi P.I. Moonen ◽  
Marcel van den Broek ◽  
Jack T. Pronk ◽  
Jean-Marc Daran
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Laboratory Evolution ◽  
B Vitamin

AbstractQuantitative physiological studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae commonly use synthetic media (SM) that contain a set of water-soluble growth factors that, based on their roles in human nutrition, are referred to as B-vitamins. Previous work demonstrated that, in S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D, requirements for biotin could be eliminated by laboratory evolution. In the present study, this laboratory strain was shown to exhibit suboptimal specific growth rates when either inositol, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) or thiamine were omitted from SM. Subsequently, this strain was evolved in parallel serial-transfer experiments for fast aerobic growth on glucose in the absence of individual B-vitamins. In all evolution lines, specific growth rates reached at least 90 % of the growth rate observed in SM supplemented with a complete B-vitamin mixture. Fast growth was already observed after a few transfers on SM without myo-inositol, nicotinic acid or pABA. Reaching similar results in SM lacking thiamine, pyridoxine or pantothenate required over 300 generations of selective growth. The genomes of evolved single-colony isolates were re-sequenced and, for each B-vitamin, a subset of non-synonymous mutations associated with fast vitamin-independent growth were selected. These mutations were introduced in a non-evolved reference strain using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. For each B-vitamin, introduction of a small number of mutations sufficed to achieve substantially a increased specific growth rate in non-supplemented SM that represented at least 87% of the specific growth rate observed in fully supplemented complete SM.ImportanceMany strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a popular platform organism in industrial biotechnology, carry the genetic information required for synthesis of biotin, thiamine, pyridoxine, para-aminobenzoic acid, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and inositol. However, omission of these B-vitamins typically leads to suboptimal growth. This study demonstrates that, for each individual B-vitamin, it is possible to achieve fast vitamin-independent growth by adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE). Identification of mutations responsible for these fast-growing phenotype by whole-genome sequencing and reverse engineering showed that, for each compound, a small number of mutations sufficed to achieve fast growth in its absence. These results form an important first step towards development of S. cerevisiae strains that exhibit fast growth on cheap, fully mineral media that only require complementation with a carbon source, thereby reducing costs, complexity and contamination risks in industrial yeast fermentation processes.

Evaluation of the Service Performance of Ships

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Poul Andersen ◽  
Anne-Sophie Borrod ◽  
Hervé Blanchot
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Propulsive Efficiency ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Time Periods

A simple method has been established for the evaluation of the service performance of ships. Input data are easily collected daily on board and transformed to a well-defined condition that makes possible the comparison between ships, for instance, sister ships, and between different time periods of voyages for the same ship. The procedure has been applied to two ships that are identical, with the only exception that one has a conventional propeller, whereas the other one is fitted with a high-efficiency propeller of the KAPPEL type. The results are obtained from a period of 2 years steaming for both vessels. They clearly confirm the increase of propulsive efficiency obtained with the KAPPEL propeller in the order of magnitude of 4%.

AN EVALUATION OF ALTAI WILD RYE, ELYMUS ANGUSTUS TRIN., AS A FORAGE CROP

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawrence ◽  
D. H. Heinrichs ◽  
R. B. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Russian Wild Rye ◽  
Better Than

A study was conducted with Altai wild rye (Elymus angustus Trin.), Russian wild rye (Elymus junceus), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), and intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium) on their relative merits as forage crops in the arid climate of Saskatchewan. The data show that Altai wild rye produced as much forage as Russian wild rye but less than crested wheatgrass and intermediate wheatgrass. However, it appeared to be less competitive with alfalfa than the other grasses in the test. The nutritive value of Altai wild rye was as good as or better than that of the other grasses; it excelled all of them in crude protein content throughout the season and contained about the same amount of fibre and fat at most stages of development; its ash content was higher than that of the other three grasses in 1954, a wet year, but only higher than the two wheatgrasses in 1957, a very dry year. Comparisons regarding palatability and digestibility suggest that Altai wild rye equals the better grasses in this respect. The study also indicates that nutritive value of grasses throughout the growing season varies much more in wet years when normal plant development occurs, than in dry years when growth is slow and sporadic.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Acute Postprandial Circulating B-Vitamin and Vitamer Responses to Single Breakfast Meals in Young and Older Individuals: Preliminary Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaja Sharma ◽  
Nicola Gillies ◽  
Shikha Pundir ◽  
Chantal A. Pileggi ◽  
James F. Markworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Flavin Mononucleotide ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
B Vitamin

B-vitamin deficiency is common in ageing populations either due to altered dietary habits or altered digestive and metabolic functions. There is limited data on the acute circulating concentrations of B-vitamins and their various forms (vitamers), following ingestion of realistic meals. This study compared the acute circulating B-vitamin and vitamer responses to either an energy-dense (ED) or a nutrient-dense (ND) breakfast meal, consumed in a randomized cross-over sequence, in older and younger adults (n = 15 and 15, aged 67.3 ± 1.5 and 22.7 ± 0.5 years (mean ± SEM), respectively). Eleven differing B-vitamins and vitamers were determined in plasma samples by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, in the fasting and postprandial state (hourly for 5 h). While postprandial thiamine concentration increased following both meals, riboflavin increased only following a ND meal in both age groups. Many vitamins including nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal-5’phosphate, and 4-pyridoxic acid remained unaltered, and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), nicotinamide and nicotinuric acid concentrations reduced following both meals. Biological age and food composition had minimal impact on postprandial B-vitamin concentrations, yet the differences between the ED and ND meals for riboflavin highlight the importance of riboflavin intake to achieve adequacy.

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