The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: XVI. The Biological Value of Fish Flesh Proteins

1947 ◽  
Vol 7a (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Marine Products

The biological values of the crude flesh proteins of lingcod, halibut, lemon sole, and white spring salmon have been determined by growth and nitrogen retention methods using young Wistar rats as experimental animals. Additional values obtained by the growth method are reported for herring and red snapper. For comparative purposes, values were also secured on crude beef flesh proteins, egg albumin, and casein. The figures obtained for the flesh proteins from the four types of fish were of the same order of magnitude, and they were higher than those procured for the other protein foods tested. An examination of the gains in weight was carried out by the co-variance method in which the variance of the actual gains, freed from the effects of varying food consumption by regression, was subjected to analysis. This test indicated that the differences in the average weight gains between the rats fed fish flesh and those fed the other protein foods were highly significant. Data on the effect of sex on the determination of biological values are, submitted along with an explanation which helps to resolve conflicting reports on this point.

The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: XVII. Value of B-Vitamins in Fish Flesh for Growth of Young Rats

1947 ◽  
Vol 7a (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Marine Products

The fleshes tested as sources of the B-vitamins for the growth of young rats are listed in the order of decreasing value: pork, beef, white spring salmon, halibut, lemon sole, and lingcod. Pork flesh permitted a maximal rate of growth. The principal vitamin deficiencies found in the other fleshes are indicated in decreasing order of magnitude: beef—thiamine, riboflavin; white spring salmon—riboflavin, thiamine; halibut—riboflavin and pantothenic acid, thiamine; lemon sole and lingcod—thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid.

COMPARISON OF INTACT, LATE-CASTRATED, AND DIETHYLSTILBESTROL (DES)-IMPLANTED BOARS WITH BARROWS AND GILTS: NITROGEN AND ENERGY DIGESTIBILITY, NITROGEN RETENTION, CARCASS MEASUREMENTS, MUSCLE ANALYSES, AND RESIDUAL DES IN MUSCLE TISSUE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. NEWELL ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Grade Index

Forty boars, eight barrows, and eight gilts were allotted in groups of four pigs each at an average weight of 13.1 kg. Metabolism studies with a portion of the animals were conducted at 15 and 50 kg liveweight. Although no statistical differences between sexes were found in these studies, barrows tended to digest more nitrogen (N) but to retain less than boars and gilts. N digestibility (DN) and retention (NR) values at 50 kg were higher than those at 15 kg. The three sexes were found to be similar in energy digestibility (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME). Significant differences were found for boars in DE and ME coefficients between the two periods, averaging 83.2 and 85.6% DE in the 15- and 50-kg periods, respectively. At 70 kg, 16 boars were implanted with 96 mg of diethylstilbestrol (DES), 16 boars were castrated, and 8 boars were left intact. Barrows had thicker backfat (P < 0.05) and lower (P < 0.05) grade index than any of the other treatments. Late-castrated boars showed a general trend to revert to the carcass characteristics of barrows but were still superior to barrows at market weight. No significant differences between treatments were found for dry matter, protein, fat, or ash content of the longissimus muscle. No residual DES was found in the muscle tissue of the implanted boars.

An evaluation of the micronization process for preparing cereals for the growing pig. 3. A note on the effect of micronization temperature on the nutritive value of wheat

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Conversion Study

SUMMARY1. In two experiments the nutritive value for the growing pig of wheat which had been micronized at temperatures of 155°, 190° or 220°C, flaked (rolled) and then ground was compared with wheat which had either been ground, or rolled and then ground.2. In the first experiment 60 pigs offered individually, restricted amounts of feed were used in a growth and efficiency of conversion study. In the second experiment 15 pigs were used in digestibility and nitrogen retention studies.3. The highest micronization temperature gave a significant depression in growth rate and in efficiency of conversion of dietary dry matter as compared with the other treatments for which there were no significant differences.

Determination of the Time of Death by Continuous Post-Mortem Temperature Measurements

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørn Simonsen ◽  
Jorgen Voigt ◽  
Niels Jeppesen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Brain

In 20 cases with known times of death continuous post-mortem measurements of the temperature fall in brain, calf, liver, axilla and rectum of the bodies have been made, and, in addition, the environmental temperature has been recorded. The observations were not made under standardized conditions, and the clothing of the bodies was left untouched as far as possible. The measurements of the brain temperatures have given the greatest accuracy in determining the time of death; for temperatures above 25 °C the uncertainty was of the order of magnitude of ±2 1/2 hours, at lower temperatures greater. The other sites of measurement permitted less reliable estimates of the post-mortem time, but none of them were found to be appropriate beyond 20 hours after death. There is one factor which cannot be calculated. It is the temperature at the moment of death. All investigations show that it may vary enormously. In the present study the difference between the maximum and the minimum starting temperature ranges between 5 °C and 8 °C, dependent on the site of measurement. As the fall in temperature—irrespective of the site of measurement—during the first few hours post mortem is of the magnitude of 1 °C per hour, the above variation gives an inaccuracy which by far exceeds what can be achieved of greater accuracy by the aid of brain temperature measurements. For this reason the authors feel justified in concluding that the determination of the time of death will always be encumbered with great uncertainty, but that the most reliable estimate within the first 20 hours after death can be based upon the measurement of the brain temperature associated with an evaluation of the development of the signs of death. None of the other methods tested so far appears to have offered a greater reliability.

Effect of including ensiled broiler-house litter in the rations of sheep on the digestibility of nutrients and the retention of nitrogen

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (84) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJL Jacobs ◽  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cent Moisture ◽  
Broiler House

The palatability and nutritive value of rations for sheep containing ensiled broiler-house litter and crushed barley (1:1 ratio) were compared with rations containing unprocessed broiler-house litter and barley. The ensiling of poultry litter together with barley (30 per cent moisture) for three or six weeks resulted in increased feed intakes compared with diets containing poultry litter ensiled alone for three or six weeks and mixed with barley or a diet in which neither poultry litter nor the barley were ensiled. The nitrogen digestibility of the totally ensiled diets was greater than that of the other diets when these values were corrected for differences in feed intake by covariance. Nitrogen retention by the sheep fed the totally ensiled diets was also greater than when they were fed the other diets. The greater feed intakes and nitrogen retention of the sheep when fed the totally ensiled diets compared with those diets that were partially ensiled or not ensiled at all may have been due to a change in the form of nitrogen and to the production of volatile fatty acids during the fermentation of the rations.

Chemical composition and nutrient digestibility of three varieties of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum ) by Sokoto Gudali heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
D. J. Akinjoye ◽  
O. A. Olorunnisomo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
A Value

Pennisetum purpureum is often rejected by grazing cattle during the rainy season but readily acceptable during the dry season when forage is scarce. However, a significant limitation of elephant grass as fodder for ruminants is its low nutritive value which depreciates as the plant matures. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition and digestibility of three varieties of Pennisetum purpureum by Sokoto Gudali heifers. The varieties (Landrace purple, S-King and S.13) were harvested at 8 weeks regrowth for the experiments. Nine Sokoto Gudali heifers of about 14 months of age and average weight of 178.05 kg were used for digestibility study and they were randomly assigned to the three experimental diets (L. purple, S-King and S.13) using completely randomised design. Results of chemical analysis of the grasses showed that L. purple had the highest CP content of 11.2% while S.13 and S-King had 7.7 and 7.4% respectively. Dry matter (DM) content was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in S-King with a value of 17.9%, higher in L. purple having a value of 22.5% and highest in S.13 with a value of 26.3%. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre of the three grasses. Results showed apparent digestibility values for S-King as 56.52, 50.06, 50.57 and 47.55% for DM, CP, EE and ash, respectively; S.13 had apparent digestibility values for same parameters as 68.89, 65.66, 51.18 and 58.82 respectively, while L. purple had apparent digestibility values of 69.77, 74.9, 71.45 and 61.4% for DM, CP, EE and ash respectively which were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the other two varieties. Digestibility of crude fibre (CF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were highest in S.13 but not significantly different P>0.05) from L. purple and lowest in S-King. Apparent digestibility of nutrients differed significantly (P<0.05) across all parameters considered with S-King having the lowest digestibility values for all parameters. It is concluded that L. purple had the highest CP value and its nutrient contents were better digested than the other two varieties, thus recommended for production intensification

Determination of the lattice translation across {110} APBs in GaAs

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
D.R. Rasmussen ◽  
N.-H. Cho ◽  
C.B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Antiphase Boundary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Interface Plane ◽  
Inversion Symmetry ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Equilibrium Distance

Domains in GaAs can exist which are related to one another by the inversion symmetry, i.e., the sites of gallium and arsenic in one domain are interchanged in the other domain. The boundary between these two different domains is known as an antiphase boundary [1], In the terminology used to describe grain boundaries, the grains on either side of this boundary can be regarded as being Σ=1-related. For the {110} interface plane, in particular, there are equal numbers of GaGa and As-As anti-site bonds across the interface. The equilibrium distance between two atoms of the same kind crossing the boundary is expected to be different from the length of normal GaAs bonds in the bulk. Therefore, the relative position of each grain on either side of an APB may be translated such that the boundary can have a lower energy situation. This translation does not affect the perfect Σ=1 coincidence site relationship. Such a lattice translation is expected for all high-angle grain boundaries as a way of relaxation of the boundary structure.

Determination of the Burgers vector of a dislocation in a Fe-Mn alloy by weak-beam image in HVEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
Y. Ishida ◽  
H. Ishida ◽  
K. Kohra ◽  
H. Ichinose
Keyword(s):  
High Order ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Image Simulation ◽  
Diffraction Vector ◽  
Burgers Vector ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Beam Image ◽  
Edge Component

IntroductionA simple and accurate technique to determine the Burgers vector of a dislocation has become feasible with the advent of HVEM. The conventional image vanishing technique(1) using Bragg conditions with the diffraction vector perpendicular to the Burgers vector suffers from various drawbacks; The dislocation image appears even when the g.b = 0 criterion is satisfied, if the edge component of the dislocation is large. On the other hand, the image disappears for certain high order diffractions even when g.b ≠ 0. Furthermore, the determination of the magnitude of the Burgers vector is not easy with the criterion. Recent image simulation technique is free from the ambiguities but require too many parameters for the computation. The weak-beam “fringe counting” technique investigated in the present study is immune from the problems. Even the magnitude of the Burgers vector is determined from the number of the terminating thickness fringes at the exit of the dislocation in wedge shaped foil surfaces.

Procedures for the Quantitative Determination of Autoprothrombin C

1962 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond R Cole ◽  
Ewa Marciniak ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Plasma Sample ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummaryTwo quantitative procedures for autoprothrombin C are described. In one of these purified prothrombin is used as a substrate, and the activity of autoprothrombin C can be measured even if thrombin is in the preparation. In this procedure a reaction mixture is used wherein the thrombin titer which develops in 20 minutes is proportional to the autoprothrombin C in the reaction mixture. A unit is defined as the amount which will generate 70 units of thrombin in the standardized reaction mixture. In the other method thrombin interferes with the result, because a standard bovine plasma sample is recalcified and the clotting time is noted. Autoprothrombin C shortens the clotting time, and the extent of this is a quantitative measure of autoprothrombin C activity.

Determination of Factor XIII Activity and of Factor XIII Inhibitors Using an Ammonium-Sensitive Electrode

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Hellstern ◽  
K Schilz ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Factor Xiii Deficiency ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Stabilization Factor ◽  
Release Method ◽  
Sensitive Electrode

SummaryAn assay for rapid factor XIII activity measurement has been developed based on the determination of the ammonium released during fibrin stabilization. Factor XIII was activated by thrombin and calcium. Ammonium was measured by an ammonium-sensitive electrode. It was demonstrated that the assay procedure yields accurate and precise results and that factor XIII-catalyzed fibrin stabilization can be measured kinetically. The amount of ammonium released during the first 90 min of fibrin stabilization was found to be 7.8 ± 0.5 moles per mole fibrinogen, which is in agreement with the findings of other authors. In 15 normal subjects and in 15 patients suffering from diseases with suspected factor XIII deficiency there was a satisfactory correlation between the results obtained by the “ammonium-release-method”, Bohn’s method, and the immunological assay (r1 = 0.65; r2= 0.70; p<0.01). In 3 of 5 patients with paraproteinemias the values of factor XIII activity determined by the ammonium-release method were markedly lower than those estimated by the other methods. It could be shown that inhibitor mechanisms were responsible for these discrepancies.

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