Early juvenile bioenergetic differences between anadromous and resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève R Morinville ◽  
Joseph B Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Partial Migration ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Consumption Rates

Many salmonids, including brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), contain both anadromous (migrant) and nonanadromous (resident) forms within a population (partial migration). Although partial migration is commonly observed, the mechanisms governing the adoption of migration or residency are poorly understood. We used field estimates of fish growth coupled with in situ estimates of food consumption rates to demonstrate that a trade-off exists between the ability to efficiently exploit local environments (resident approach) and the capacity to capitalize from large-scale environmental heterogeneity (migrant approach). We demonstrate that in the year before migration, migrant brook trout have consumption rates 1.4 times higher than those of resident brook trout. However, migrants have lower growth efficiencies (ratio of growth to consumption) than residents, indicating that migrants have higher metabolic costs. Residents and migrants also differed in their stable carbon isotope signatures (δ13C), a time-integrated measure that has been linked to habitat use. Fish muscle δ13C of migrants was depleted by 1 ± 0.1‰ compared with that of residents, and this could not be explained by any biases introduced by the time of sampling or the size of fish sampled. Our findings thus agree with the notion that a link exists between metabolic costs (efficiency) and the adopted life-history strategy.

Retardation and Recovery of Growth in Brook Trout Fry (Salvelinus fontinalis) Exposed for Various Durations to Acidified Water

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2048-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Tam ◽  
P. D. Payson ◽  
R. J. J. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Neutral Water

Brook trout fry (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed to pH 4.66 for various durations up to 141 d and then returned to neutral water. Growth of test fish was in general significantly lower than that of control fish for exposures up to days 45–78. In four of six groups of acid-treated fish, growth eventually recovered and the growth rates were not different from that of control fish. The results suggested that growth inhibition was induced early in the exposure to sublethally low pH and that recovery in the latter phase of the experiment occurred whether pH remained acidic or was readjusted to neutral.

Ambient pH and Calcium Concentration as Modifiers of Growth and Calcium Dynamics of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1774-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
High Calcium

Juvenile brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, were maintained in water of pH 5.3 or 6.5 and calcium concentrations of 5 or 40 mg/L to determine the effects of these factors on fish growth and calcium dynamics. Growth rates varied more than twofold and were significantly reduced by both low ambient calcium concentration and low pH. In contrast, calcium dynamics of the fish were significantly affected by calcium concentration but not pH. Brook trout in low-calcium water retained less labeled dietary calcium and deposited less labeled calcium in axial skeleton and visceral tissues than fish in high-calcium water. Calcium concentrations of the skin and fins were slightly but significantly reduced among fish in low-calcium water, but neither pH nor ambient calcium concentration significantly affected ash content or calcium concentration of axial skeleton and visceral tissues of experimental fish.

Comparison of Continuous and Episodic Exposure to Acidic, Aluminum-Contaminated Waters of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2036-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth K. Siddens ◽  
Wayne K. Seim ◽  
Lawrence R. Curtis ◽  
Gary A. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Contaminated Waters

This study demonstrated that repetitive, intermittent exposures to aluminum (Al) under acidic conditions produced greater cumulative mortality and lower growth rates of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) than would be extrapolated from continuous exposure experiments. During a 24-d study, exposures were at pH 4.4 or 4.9 with 0.2––1.2 mg Al∙L−1. Data were analyzed based on peak and 24-d mean Al concentrations of continuous and intermittent (2-d toxicant, 4-d ambient condition cycle) exposures. Survival was lower in groups exposed to at pH 4.9 than those at 4.4 when intermittently exposed but not when continuously exposed. Growth rates were less for fish continuously exposed at pH 4.4 compared with those at pH 4.9, while intermittent exposures to Al acidity alone did not affect growth. Fish intermittently exposed to Al at pH 4.4 grew faster than those at pH 4.9, indicating greater Al toxicity at the higher pH.

Influence of fish density on the energy allocation pattern of juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Marchand ◽  
Daniel Boisclair
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Fish Density ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Activity Costs ◽  
Effect On Growth

Our objectives were (i) to assess the influence of fish density on the energy allocation pattern of juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and (ii) to define the mechanism by which this influence occurs. We estimated growth, consumption, and activity rates of brook trout held in 8-m3 enclosures characterized by two different densities (four or eight fish per enclosure; D4 and D8 enclosures, respectively). Eight experiments designed to estimate these variables were performed during a 27-day period. Fish from D4 enclosures ( DELTA W bar = 0.46 g) grew twice as much as those from D8 enclosures ( DELTA W bar = 0.24 g). For any given experiment, consumption rates were not significantly different between the two fish densities (0.434-1.09 g dry ·100 g wet-1 ·day-1). However, fish stocked in D8 enclosures displayed more aggressive behavior, executed 5.5 times more movements, and swam at speeds 13% faster than fish in D4 enclosures. These differences resulted in activity rates fourfold higher in D8 enclosures than in D4 enclosures. Empirical analyses combining our results with published values of growth, consumption, and activity rates supported the hypothesis that competition can have a negative effect on growth through a decrease in consumption rates and an increase in activity costs.

Relationship between Feeding and Activity Rates for Actively Foraging Juvenile Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2566-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Boisclair
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Allocation Patterns

I tested the hypothesis of the existence of a significant positive linear relationship between activity and consumption rates for an actively foraging fish. Within-day variations in activity rates of 0 + brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) kept in enclosures were estimated using an underwater videocamera system. Consumption rates at different periods of that day were estimated using the variations of the digestive tract contents. Total consumption rates (i.e. sum of food ingested by all fish) ranged from values close to zero (−1.4 to 0.9; 12:30–24:00) to 12.7 cal/30 min (08:30–09:00). Total activity rates ranged from 0.06 (14:00–14:30) to 2.94 cal/30 min (08:30–09:00). My results indicate that, under specific environmental conditions, activity rates of brook trout are positively related to their feeding rates and, consequently, that the behavior of this actively foraging fish can result in the reduction of the energy losses associated with swimming during nonfeeding periods. My work also permits the development of an experimental protocol to test hypotheses regarding energy allocation patterns between growth, consumption, and activity rates on a multiday basis.

Bioenergetic responses of a benthic forage fish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to habitat degradation and altered prey community in polluted salt marshes

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1566-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Goto ◽  
William G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Habitat Condition ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Benthic Prey

In this study, we examined bioenergetic responses of age-2+ and age-3+ mummichogs ( Fundulus heteroclitus ) to degraded habitat condition and impoverished benthic prey community in polluted salt marshes by incorporating in situ food consumption rates with the mercury mass balance model technique. In general, bioenergetic responses of mummichogs appeared to be more related to benthic prey community than habitat condition. Fish from prey-impoverished marsh (PIM) sites generally had significantly elevated total metabolic costs compared with those from non-prey-impoverished marsh (NPIM) sites. However, the PIM populations also had ~two- to three-fold higher consumption rates than the NPIM populations, suggesting that the PIM populations may be capable of adjusting food consumption to offset elevated metabolic costs. Furthermore, only age-2+ females of the PIM populations had significantly reduced growth rates, whereas there was little among-site differences for age-2+ males and age-3+ fish, indicating that an increased consumption by the PIM populations may also have been a compensatory mechanism to maintain growth. Most of the PIM populations, however, had substantially (up to 80%) lower growth conversion efficiency relative to the NPIM populations. These findings suggest that pollution-tolerant fishes such as mummichogs may have energetic costs of living in chronically degraded habitats.

A Method of Selecting Trout Hybrids (Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush) for Ability to Retain Swimbladder Gas

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Scale Selection ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Selection Of

A method was developed for selecting hybrid trout for deep-swimming ability, for use in a breeding program to combine in one strain the early-maturing character of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) with the deep-swimming ability of lake trout (S. namaycush). The method involves testing hybrids in pressure tanks and selecting individuals that, like lake trout, retain most of their swimbladder gas during the test period. For a sample of F2 hybrids the range of pressures at which the fish floated when anaesthetized was almost entirely between the medians for samples of the two parent species. Successive tests of marked individuals showed good repeatability of flotation measurements. The method is concluded to be reliable for large-scale selection of fish with ability to retain swimbladder gas.

scholarly journals Influence of food web structure on the growth and bioenergetics of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1593-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivano Pazzia ◽  
Marc Trudel ◽  
Mark Ridgway ◽  
Joseph B Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Consumption Rates

In this study, we compared energy budgets of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations in contrasting food webs. Nonpiscivorous lake trout (NPLT) reached a much smaller size and grew at a much slower rate than piscivorous lake trout (PLT) populations. Food consumption rates were, on average, 2–3 times higher in NPLT when they were expressed on a wet weight basis. However, only a slight (less than 10%) difference in their energy intake was detected once consumption rates were corrected for differences in prey caloric content. Growth efficiency was approximately two times lower in NPLT compared with PLT, while their metabolic costs were higher and their assimilation efficiency was lower. It is most likely that the increased metabolic costs were associated with higher foraging costs, since more feeding attempts must be made to acquire a given quantity of food when fish are feeding on smaller prey. Furthermore, the portion of indigestible matter is likely to be higher in the diet of NPLT than in PLT (i.e., chitin vs. bone). These results are consistent with theoretical models of fish growth that show that lake trout must have access to larger prey, even if they are rare, to reach larger body sizes.

Using 137Cs to measure and compare bioenergetic budgets of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the field

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tucker ◽  
J B Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Precocious Males ◽  
Annual Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

Through the 137Cs mass balance method, annual consumption rates were estimated for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and precocious males as well as for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at four sites in the Ste-Marguerite River system, Québec. With explicit age analysis, consumption rates and growth rates were derived on an individual fish and age-class basis. These represent the first consumption estimates for Atlantic salmon in the wild. Precocious males had consumption rates 1.5 times greater than nonmaturing parr, while Atlantic salmon parr consumption rates were 2.7 times greater than brook trout. There was a strong positive relationship between individual annual consumption and growth rates for Atlantic salmon and brook trout at all sites. Subsequently the concept of field maintenance ration was introduced as the intercept of consumption over growth. Maintenance rations for Atlantic salmon parr ranged from 0.010 to 0.016 g·g-1·day-1 between sites. Brook trout had maintenance rations approximately half those of Atlantic salmon at 0.0059 g·g-1·day-1. Precocious male growth efficiencies were half those of nonmaturing parr despite higher feeding and growth rates. Brook trout growth efficiencies were significantly greater than those of Atlantic salmon parr. The lower growth efficiencies observed for Atlantic salmon are likely due to increased metabolic costs associated with higher activity. On average, Atlantic salmon parr spent 2.4-fold more energy in activity than brook trout. Atlantic salmon precocious males spent 1.7 times more energy in activity than parr.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document