THE EFFECT OF NIACIN ON THE PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE CONTENT OF HUMAN BLOOD CELLS IN ANEMIA

1950 ◽  
Vol 28e (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
M. C. Blanchaer ◽  
D. E. Bergsagel ◽  
Pamela Weiss ◽  
Dorothy E. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Nucleotide Content ◽  
Human Blood Cells ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Niacin Therapy ◽  
Normal Controls

The pyridine nucleotide content of the blood cells (PN/BG) of four normal individuals and five anemic patients was measured repeatedly before and after supplementing the diet with niacin. Daily doses of 50 mgm. nicotinic acid or nicotinamide failed to affect the values in the normal subjects and two well-nourished anemic patients. The same dose of nicotinic acid rapidly raised the PN/BC of three poorly nourished anemic patients to values approximating those of well-nourished subjects with similar degrees of anemia. The results obtained after saturation with niacin confirmed the previous report that the PN/BC is higher in anemic patients than in normal controls and that a negative correlation exists between the pyridine nucleotide values and the severity of the anemia. In spite of continued niacin therapy, correction of the anemia was accompanied by a gradual decrease in the values until they approached those of the normal subjects. The present findings also confirm the earlier report that changes in the PN/BC are apparently independent of moderate variations in the number of circulating leucocytes and reticulocytes and bear no relationship to the size or hemoglobin content of the red cells. The significance of these findings in relation to human niacin nutrition is discussed.

THE PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE CONTENT OF HUMAN BLOOD CELLS IN ANEMIA

1950 ◽  
Vol 28e (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
M. C. Blanchaer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Nucleotide Content ◽  
Human Blood Cells ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Red Cell Count

The pyridine nucleotide content of the blood cells was measured in five normal individuals and in 27 hospital patients with various degrees of anemia. The pyridine nucleotide values of 12 anemic patients who had consumed an adequate diet for some time prior to the study were higher than those of the normal subjects. A negative correlation was observed between the cellular pyridine nucleotide content and the severity of the anemia when the latter was expressed as the logarithm of either the red cell count or the hemoglobin concentration. The remaining 15 patients had dietary histories suggestive of a low intake of niacin and protein. The blood cell pyridine nucleotide levels of this group were of the same order as those of the normal subjects but in most cases were distinctly below those of the well nourished anemic patients with a comparable degree of anemia.

THE LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY AND PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE CONTENT OF HUMAN BLOOD CELLS IN ANEMIA

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
M. C. Blanchaer ◽  
Pamela Weiss ◽  
D. E. Bergsagel
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Nucleotide Content ◽  
Human Blood Cells ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
The Relationship

The lactic dehydrogenase activity and the pyridine nucleotide content of the blood cells (PN/BC) of two normal subjects and 12 patients with various degrees of anemia was measured to determine whether the previously reported elevated PN/BC values in anemia are related to an altered metabolic activity of the cells. In 12 well nourished subjects it was found that the PN/BC, expressed in μgm. DPN per gm. of hemoglobin, was elevated in proportion to the severity of the anemia and that this increase was accompanied by a proportional rise in the cellular lactic dehydrogenase activity. The low PN/BC of two poorly nourished patients was accompanied by correspondingly low lactic dehydrogenase levels. The correlation coefficient for the relationship between the lactic dehydrogenase and PN/BC values for all the subjects was + 0.89 and was considered significant since P < 0.01. The results suggest that the potential activity of an important enzymatic step in erythrocyte glycolysis is increased in anemia in proportion to the decrease in the hemoglobin concentration and the fall in the hematocrit. The increased PN/BC under these conditions is probably a reflection of an elevated cellular diphosphopyridine nucleotide concentration.

Preparation and characterization of a [14C]cellulose suitable for human metabolic studies

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Walters ◽  
J. Kelleher ◽  
J. M. Findlay ◽  
S. T. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Cellulosic Material ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cumulative Excretion ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Subsequent Administration ◽  
Expired Air

In six normal subjects administered 5 μCi of an oral dose of a commercially available 14C-labelled cellulose, significant amounts of 14CO2 were detected in expired air within 30 min, suggesting that other 14C-labelled non-cellulosic material was present. Chemical and microscopical examination confirmed that starch was the principal contaminant. The commercial preparation was purified using amyloglucosidase (EC 3.2.1.3) digestion following gelatinization of the starch by autoclaving. Subsequent administration of the purified cellulose to a further six normal subjects decreased the expired air 14CO2 during the subsequent 10 h from 13.0 (sd 4.0) to 4.1 (sd 1.9)%. Administration of the purified product to a further group of four normal subjects, before and after a regimen of increased dietary fibre, showed a cumulative increase in expired 14CO2 over 24 h from 7.9 (sd 1.1) to 12.1 (sd 2.6) % on fibre. In six ileostomy subjects the cumulative excretion of 14CO2 was greatly decreased compared with normal controls (3.0 (sd 1.14) and 10.5 (sd 3.9) % respectively). In constipated subjects expired 14CO2 continued beyond 48 h, in contrast to normal subjects where expired 14CO2 at this time was negligible.

scholarly journals FAT METABOLISM IN NEPHRITIS

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hiller ◽  
G. C. Linder ◽  
C. Lundsgaard ◽  
D. D. Van Slyke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After

Determinations of the plasma lipoids and of the respiratory quotient and total metabolism (Tissot method) have been performed with nephritics and normal subjects before and after they ingested fat in the proportion of 1 gm. per kilo body weight. After fat ingestion a greater increase of fatty acids and lecithin was noted in the plasma of nephritics with initially high blood lipoids than in the plasma of normal subjects or of nephritics without constant lipemia. In cholesterol no differences were found. The nephritic patients with constant lipemia were able to burn fat as efficiently as normal individuals. The accumulation of fat in their blood may be due to a disturbance in the mechanism for transferring lipoids from the blood to the tissue depots.

Decreased prolactin responsiveness to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and metoclopramide in hyperthyroidism

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Röjdmark ◽  
Anders Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membranes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One

Abstract. To investigate whether prolactin (Prl) responsiveness to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) differs in thyrotoxic and normal individuals, serum Prl was determined before and after iv injection of 200 μg TRH in 10 patients with untreated thyrotoxicosis and also in 9 normal subjects. Both the maximal Prl increment after TRH and the total Prl response, represented by the Prl incremental area, were significantly larger in the normal subjects compared with the thyrotoxic (max Prl increment 56 ± 11 vs 15 ± 3 ng/ml, P< 0.001; Prl incremental area 3071 ± 522 vs 579 ± 171, P <0.001; mean ± sem). The maximal Prl increase after 15 mg oral metoclopramide (MET) was also significantly larger in the normal (125 ± 13 ng/ml) than in the thyrotoxic subjects (60 ± 13 ng/ml, P < 0.01). When 200 μg TRH was injected iv 90 min after oral administration of 15 mg MET, an additional Prl increase was observed in normal individuals (21 ±6 ng/ml, P < 0.01). In thyrotoxic patients, however, iv TRH failed to induce a significant increase in Prl after oral priming with MET (0 ± 3 ng/ml). When 7 thyrotoxic patients, made euthyroid by 125I-treatment, were investigated according to the same protocol as the one mentioned above, they displayed normal Prl responses to iv TRH and to oral MET. Furthermore, they showed a significant Prl response to iv TRH after oral priming with MET (20 ± 8 ng/ml, P < 0.05). These findings imply that pituitary lactotrophs of untreated thyrotoxic patients might have cytoplasmic membranes with decreased permeability to Prl and/or reduced stores of releasable Prl which return to normal after oral 125I-therapy.

Evidence that Experimentally Induced Sleep Bruxism is a Consequence of Transient Arousal

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kato ◽  
J.Y. Montplaisir ◽  
F. Guitard ◽  
B.J. Sessle ◽  
J.P. Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Tooth Grinding ◽  
Rhythmic Masticatory Muscle Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polygraphic Recordings ◽  
Normal Controls

Spontaneous rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) during sleep occurs more frequently following spontaneous transient micro-arousal in patients with sleep bruxism (SB) and normal controls. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an experimental arousal would be followed by an increase in RMMA. We identified RMMA on polygraphic recordings taken before and after sensory stimulation to induce experimental arousal in eight SB patients and eight matched normal subjects. The rate of experimental arousal and the level of resting electromyographic activity in masseter and suprahyoid muscles during sleep did not differ between the groups. In both, muscle tone and heart rate increased during the experimental arousal. Although post-arousal RMMA occurred in all SB patients, it was seen in only one normal subject. Moreover, tooth-grinding occurred during 71% of the evoked RMMA in SB patients. These results support the hypothesis that SB is an exaggerated form of oromotor activity associated with sleep micro-arousal.

Prorenin is present in human red blood cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1394-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Troffa ◽  
G. Tonolo ◽  
P. Manunta ◽  
A. Pazzola ◽  
A. Soro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Trypsin Treatment ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inactive Renin ◽  
Homologous Substrate

We looked for the presence of prorenin in erythrocytes from normal subjects (n = 8), hypertensive patients (n = 8), and pregnant women (n = 8). Angiotensin I generation was measured at 37 °C, pH 5.7, in the presence of homologous substrate (1400 ng/mL) before and after trypsin activation (100 μg/mL) in (A) haemolyzed erythrocytes, (B) supernatants of haemolyzed erythrocytes, and (C) in the sixth washing of erythrocytes diluted 1:1 with a 0.1 M Tris buffer containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin and protease inhibitors. Haemolyzed erythrocytes generated angiotensin I only after trypsin treatment, and the rate of generation was the same (A) before and (B) after centrifugation at 20000g, indicating the absence of prorenin bound to the cell membranes. When aliquots of the last washing of erythrocytes (C) were tested for angiotensin I generation before and after trypsin, they did not generate angiotensin I, indicating that residual prorenin from the plasma was no longer present in our preparation. Angiotensin I generation by trypsin-treated A and B was completely abolished by preincubation with anti-renin serum. The level of prorenin was not significantly different in the erythrocytes from normal, hypertensive, and pregnant subjects (68 ± 10, 58 ± 7 and 107 ± 17 pg angiotensin I∙mL−1∙h−1, ns) in spite of their very different plasma levels (21 ± 2.5, 17 ± 2.4 and 110 ± 12 ng angiotensin I∙mL−1∙h−1, p < 0.01 for pregnant women compared with both normal and hypertensive subjects). Our data show that prorenin is present in human erythrocytes in fairly constant and clearly detectable amounts, thus suggesting a possible intracellular role for it.Key words: inactive renin, intracellular prorenin, erythrocytes, prorenin.

scholarly journals Biological Effects of Echinacea Purpurea on Human Blood Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Joksić ◽  
Sandra Petrović ◽  
Ivana Joksić ◽  
Andreja Leskovac
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Dicentric Chromosomes ◽  
Human Blood Cells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radiation Workers

Biological Effects of Echinacea Purpurea on Human Blood CellsThe aim of this study was to investigate radioprotective properties of Echinacea purpurea tablets in vivo. We analysed lymphocyte chromosome aberrations (CA), micronuclei (MN), apoptosis of leukocytes and haematological parameters in a group of radiation workers who were identified as carrying dicentric chromosomes in their lymphocytes. All radiation workers were taking two 275 mg Echinacea tablets b.i.d., according to a pharmacist's recommendation. All parameters were analysed before and after the two-week treatment. At the end of the treatment lymphocyte CA frequency dropped significantly, and the number of apoptotic cells increased. The inverse lymphocyte-to-granulocyte ratio at the beginning of the study changed to normal at its end. In conclusion, biological effects observed after administration of Echinacea purpurea preparation suggest that it may be beneficial for the prevention of adverse health effects in workers exposed to ionising radiation.

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