TUMOR INDUCTION IN VICIA FABA AND OTHER HOSTS BY AGROBACTERIUM RUBI (HILDEBRAND) STARR AND WEISS

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (3) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Tumor Induction ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Plant Tumors

In a search for suitable material for a cytological study of plant tumors, pure and virulent cultures of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were inoculated into stems of young Vicia faba plants without result. On the other hand, a bacterium isolated from Himalaya blackberry produced large tumors. A comparison of the two forms as to their virulence on other plant species showed that the blackberry organism would not attack tomato, Nicctiana glutinosa, and Datura medeloides, all highly susceptible to A. tumefaciens. Sunflower proved to be a common host to the two pathogens, but the host responses showed significant differences. The tumors caused by the blackberry organism were smaller and were not accompanied by epinasty of the leaves immediately above the tumor, a characteristic feature associated with tumor formation induced by A. tumefaciens. From cultural characters and differences in host range, it was decided that the blackberry organism belongs to Agrobacterium rubi (Hildebrand) Starr & Weiss., a species considered as confined to Rubus species. Its host range is obviously much wider than this and, as it embraces plants only slightly or not at all susceptible to A. tumefaciens, it is likely to prove an important addition to this species in providing material for the study of plant tumors.

scholarly journals Genome of Deerpox Virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 966-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Afonso ◽  
G. Delhon ◽  
E. R. Tulman ◽  
Z. Lu ◽  
A. Zsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Tgf Β1

ABSTRACT Deerpox virus (DPV), an uncharacterized and unclassified member of the Poxviridae, has been isolated from North American free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) exhibiting mucocutaneous disease. Here we report the genomic sequence and comparative analysis of two pathogenic DPV isolates, W-848-83 (W83) and W-1170-84 (W84). The W83 and W84 genomes are 166 and 170 kbp, containing 169 and 170 putative genes, respectively. Nucleotide identity between DPVs is 95% over the central 157 kbp. W83 and W84 share similar gene orders and code for similar replicative, structural, virulence, and host range functions. DPV open reading frames (ORFs) with putative virulence and host range functions include those similar to cytokine receptors (R), including gamma interferon receptor (IFN-γR), interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R), and type 8 CC-chemokine receptors; cytokine binding proteins (BP), including IL-18BP, IFN-α/βBP, and tumor necrosis factor binding protein (TNFBP); serpins; and homologues of vaccinia virus (VACV) E3L, K3L, and A52R proteins. DPVs also encode distinct forms of major histocompatibility complex class I, C-type lectin-like protein, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a protein not previously described in a mammalian chordopoxvirus. Notably, DPV encodes homologues of cellular endothelin 2 and IL-1R antagonist, novel poxviral genes also likely involved in the manipulation of host responses. W83 and W84 differ from each other by the presence or absence of five ORFs. Specifically, homologues of a CD30 TNFR family protein, swinepox virus SPV019, and VACV E11L core protein are absent in W83, and homologues of TGF-β1 and lumpy skin disease virus LSDV023 are absent in W84. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that DPVs are genetically distinct from viruses of other characterized poxviral genera and that they likely comprise a new genus within the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae.

scholarly journals Safety in New Zealand weed biocontrol a nationwide pathogen survey for impacts on nontarget plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Waipara ◽  
J. Barton ◽  
L.A. Smith ◽  
H.M. Harman ◽  
C.J. Winks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Weed Biocontrol ◽  
Disease Surveys ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
Disease Damage ◽  
Range Testing

The accuracy of host range testing in weed biocontrol programmes using plant pathogens has been questioned prompting a research programme into the field safety record of pathogens used for weed biocontrol in New Zealand Nationwide disease surveys were conducted from 20002009 and focused on species closely related to target weeds and therefore potentially most at risk of attack These surveys identified pathogens associated with any disease symptoms observed on nontarget hosts Disease damage attributable to biocontrol agents was observed on two nontarget plants Pustules of the blackberry rust Phragmidium violaceum were found on the endemic Rubus species R cissoides (bush lawyer tataramoa) at one location This result was predicted from host range safety tests conducted prior to its arrival in New Zealand No nontarget damage was observed in the remaining case studies confirming to date that all biocontrol pathogens are highly host specific to their target weeds

Gibberellic acid: effect on genetic tumor induction

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1699-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira H. Ames
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Trigger Mechanism ◽  
Tumor Induction ◽  
Acid Effect ◽  
Nicotiana Suaveolens ◽  
Marked Enhancement

Young seedlings of the amphiploid Nicotiana suaveolens × N. langsdorffii, grown aseptically on nutrient medium, were treated with several concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3). The incidence of tumor formation was scored for 18 days subsequent to exposure. At a concentration of 5 × 10−3 M, GA3 caused a striking reduction in the rate of tumor formation and a marked enhancement of stem growth in this tumor-prone amphiploid. These results are discussed in relation to the problem of the trigger mechanism for tumor induction in Nicotiana hybrids.

Untersuchungen an Crown-Gall

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Beiderbeck
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Crown Gall ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Tumor Induction ◽  
Host System ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Kalanchoë Daigremontiana ◽  
Kalanchoe Daigremontiana

Concentrations of 10 µg/ml rifampicin reduce the growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens by more than 90%, concentrations of 100 µg/ml prevent tumor formation in Kalanchoë daigremontiana by the same bacteria.A treatment with rifampicin does not irreversibly alter the bacteria; after removal of the drug bacterial propagation and the ability of tumor induction are restored.0-24 h treatments of the plant wounds with rifampicin prior to infection prevent tumor formation completely.Addition of rifampicin after infection inhibits tumor formation optimally if the drug is added only few hours after inoculation. 30 h after infection the bacteria-host-system is resistant against rifampicin.100 μg/ml rifampicin do not influence the growth of already induced tumors.

NUCLEAR CONDITIONS IN NORMAL STEM TISSUE OF VICIA FABA

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (3) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Plant Tumors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Previous cytological studies of plant tumors have been carried out on unsuitable material, and on the assumption that the normal tissues in which tumors are induced are exclusively diploid. The present study investigates the condition in normal stem cortex and pith of Vicia faba, in which tumors can be regularly induced through inoculation with pure cultures of Agrobacterium rubi. Mitoses were induced by treatment with indole-3-acetic acid, and it was found that a very considerable degree of polyploidy exists in both tissues. In the pith the percentage of polyploid mitoses increases with some regularity from the nodal to the mid-internodal region, where it may be as high as 50% of the total. In the cortex, the difference in this regard is less striking, but still exists. Both tetraploid and octoploid cells were found, the latter being less than 10% of the total. In both cases, there was usually close association of homologues in both pro- and metaphase, but in the cortex a considerable number of nuclei did not show this association. The pairing is at times accompanied by chiasma formation. These findings must be taken into account in studying the relation of polyploidy to tumor development.

Effects of mercaptoethanol on tumor induction in a Nicotiana amphiploid

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Ames ◽  
H. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Test Solution ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Tumor Induction ◽  
Alkaline Range

Young seedlings of the amphiploid Nicotiana glauca × N. langsdorffii, grown aseptically on nutrient medium, were treated with solutions containing 2-mercaptoethanol, and the incidence of tumor formation was scored for 30 days subsequent to exposure. Mercaptoethanol caused a marked acceleration in the rate of tumorigenesis when the pH of the test solution was in the alkaline range. The effectiveness of the compound was reduced by lowering the pH of the treatment solution.

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