THE EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ON UREDIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CEREAL RUSTS

1937 ◽  
Vol 15c (9) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorvaldur Johnson ◽  
Margaret Newton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Cereal Rusts

The effect of high temperatures on the development of stem rust and leaf rust on wheat seedlings and stem rust and crown rust on oats seedlings was studied in greenhouse experiments. The experimental results show that, for temperatures above the optimum for rust development, the higher the temperature the less vigorous the pustule development. Physiologic races that at ordinary temperatures produce a "4" type of infection tend to develop a "3" type or an "x" type at higher temperatures. At still higher temperatures the infection type becomes "2" or "1" or even merely necrotic flecks. Physiologic races of the same rust differ in their sensitiveness to temperature. In stem rust of wheat, races that had been inbred by repeated selfings for two or more generations, showed greater sensitiveness to temperature than races collected in the field. Leaf rust of wheat and crown rust of oats were less tolerant of high temperatures than stem rust of wheat.

SEEDLING REACTIONS OF WHEAT VARIETIES TO STEM RUST AND LEAF RUST AND OF OAT VARIETIES TO STEM RUST AND CROWN RUST

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (10) ◽  
pp. 489-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Newton ◽  
T. Johnson ◽  
B. Peturson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
East Africa ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Physiologic Races

A study of the rust reactions of wheat varieties to 20 physiologic races of stem rust has shown that several varieties of the vulgare type, namely, McMurachy, Eureka, and several strains from Kenya, East Africa, are immune in the seedling stage at ordinary greenhouse temperatures (55° F. to 80° F. daily). This immunity largely disappears when the plants are kept at a constant high temperature (75° F. to 80° F.). Certain other varieties and hybrid strains were found rather highly resistant to eight physiologic races of leaf rust, but none of the vulgare varieties tested showed immunity or high resistance to both stem rust and leaf rust.Tests to determine the resistance of oat varieties to the physiologic races of oat stem rust and crown rust prevalent in Canada showed that four oat varieties derived from the cross Hajira × Joanette were resistant to all the physiologic races of oat stem rust used in the test, and that certain strains derived from the cross Victoria × (Hajira × Banner Sel. 524) were resistant to all but one of these races. The last mentioned strains and the varieties Victoria and Trispernia proved resistant to the nine races of crown rust to which they were tested.

A COMPARISON OF A DRIED CRUDE FILTRATE CONTAINING ANTIBIOTIC P-9, WITH A NICKEL–ZINEB MIXTURE, AND DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROACETONE FOR CEREAL RUST CONTROL

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
W. A. F. Hagborg
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Good For ◽  
Extraneous Substance ◽  
Cereal Rusts

Dried crude filtrate (DCF) from Streptomyces sp., containing antibiotic P-9, was compared in 1962 with a mixture of nickel chloride and zineb and in 1964 with symmetrical dichlorotetrafluoroacetone (DCTFA) for the control of cereal rusts on Marquis wheat. Seven applications of DCF gave significantly better control of stem rust on the sheaths than six applications of nickel–zineb. The control of stem rust on the necks and of leaf rust was equally good for both materials. Rust control by either material resulted in a substantial improvement of yield and grade. When 280 kg/ha of DCF, a quantity equal to that used successfully in three applications over a period of 4 weeks, was applied in a single application, less control was obtained and some phytotoxic necrosis occurred. The phototoxicity may have been due to an extraneous substance in the DCF, and might not be a limiting factor with purified or partially purified preparations.Under the conditions of the experiment in 1964, DCTFA was not as effective as DCF in rust control.

PARATHION, A SELECTIVE RUST FUNGICIDE, COMPARED WITH MANEB IN THE CONTROL OF CEREAL RUSTS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
G. Fleischmann ◽  
J. W. Martens ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Cereal Rusts

Parathion, an organophosphorus insecticide, controlled oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Erikss., in the greenhouse at a concentration of 0.32 g/liter when applied to oats before inoculation with rust urediospores. Slight reductions in the amount of oat stem rust, P. graminis Pers. f. sp. avenae Erikss. and Henn., wheat stem rust, P. graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. and Henn., and wheat leaf rust, P. recondita Rob. ex. Desm., were achieved at higher concentrations. In field tests, three applications of parathion gave excellent control of oat crown rust. Late infections of oat stem rust, which caused significant yield reductions, were unaffected by parathion, but were effectively controlled by maneb.

THE EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ON THE STEM RUST RESISTANCE OF WHEAT VARIETIES

1941 ◽  
Vol 19c (11) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Johnson ◽  
Margaret Newton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Eighteen stem rust resistant wheat varieties were tested, in the greenhouse, for their reaction to three physiologic races of Puccinia graminis Tritici Erikss. and Henn. at three different temperatures: a constant low temperature of about 60° F., a constant high temperature of about 80° F., and an intermediate temperature which fluctuated daily from 50° to 55° F. at night to 70° to 85° F. at midday.At the low and at the intermediate temperature some of the varieties proved immune while others proved highly or moderately resistant. At the high temperature five varieties (Bokveld, Iumillo, Gaza, Red Egyptian, and N.A. 95 Egypt) were immune or highly resistant; six varieties (Marquillo × Waratah, Hope, Hochzucht, Minor, Bobin Gaza Robin, and Federation × Acme) were moderately resistant; and seven varieties (Kenya, Syria, McMurachy, Sweden, Rhodesian, Talberg, and Eureka) were moderately or completely susceptible.

scholarly journals Mapping of genes for leaf and stem rust resistance in bread wheat genotype Selection 212

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omkar M. Limbalkar ◽  
J. B. Sharma ◽  
S. K. Jha ◽  
N. Mallick ◽  
M. Niranjana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Resistance genes for leaf and stem rusts in bread wheat line Selection212 are recessive in nature. Both leaf and stem rust resistance genes, named tentatively as LrSel212 and SrSel212, have been mapped to the short arm of chromosome 2B separated by genetic distance of 16.4 cM. Xwmc474 was the closest marker located between two genes, 5.6 cM proximal to LrSel212 and 10.8 cM distal to SrSel212. Leaf rust pathotype 77-5 is virulent to leaf rust resistance genes located on chromosome 2B viz., Lr13, Lr16, Lr23, Lr35 and Lr73, but avirulent to Selection212, suggesting that LrSel212 is distinct from these genes. Six stem rust resistance genes have been assigned to chromosome 2B viz., Sr19, Sr20, Sr23, Sr36, Sr39 and Sr40. Stem rust pathotype 40A used in genetic analysis was virulent to Sr19 and Sr20, but avirulent to Selection212; and the latter showed a significantly lower infection type in comparison to Sr39. Sr23 and Sr36 showed susceptibility to few other stem rust pathotypes to which Selection212 was resistant. While the response of Sr40 to Indian pathotypes of Pgt is not known, differences in the genetic distance and nature of inheritance between Selection212 and Sr40 indicate their distinct identity. However, test of allelism with Sr40 is required to confirm whether SrSel212 represents a different locus. Selection212 may be useful in broadening the genetic base of rust resistance in wheat.

INHERITANCE OF REACTION TO STEM RUST AND LEAF RUST IN THE WHEAT CULTIVAR ETOILE DE CHOISY

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. McIntosh ◽  
P. L. Dyck ◽  
G. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici

Triticum aestivum L. cv. Etoile de Choisy possesses two genes governing reaction to Australian and Canadian strains of Puccinia graminis tritici: Sr23, a gene causing chlorosis and necrosis of infected tissue which is completely linked with Lr16 for reaction to P. recondita, and a second gene, designated SrEC, resembling a gene previously reported by Bartos et al., that produces infection type "2" to "3" with avirulent cultures.

ANTIBIOTIC P-9 IN THE CONTROL OF CEREAL RUSTS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1725-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. F. Hagborg ◽  
W. S. Chelack ◽  
J. F. T. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Cereal Rusts ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Recurrent outbreaks of stem rust, Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn., following the widespread use of previously rust-resistant wheat varieties have emphasized the need of alternative means of rust control. A new antibiotic, P-9, available as yet only in impure form, has several properties that suggest its potential usefulness in the control of cereal rusts. It has systemic and eradicative action, is non-phytotoxic to the host crop at concentrations of a higher order than required for the control of cereal rusts, is probably non-zootoxic, and is highly water-soluble.In greenhouse tests P-9 arrested infection completely in leaf rust, P. recondita Rob. ex Desm., and in stem rust and it was apparently translocated more readily distally than proximally. In field plot tests in 1959 and 1960 it reduced rust infection and increased yield substantially.

RUST REACTIONS OF CHINESE WHEAT VARIETIES AND CERTAIN CANADIAN HYBRID STRAINS

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Chang Wang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Physiologic Races

About 160 Chinese spring wheats and a number of Chinese winter wheats were tested in the seedling stage in the greenhouse to determine their reaction to eight physiologic races of stem rust (Puccinia graminis Tritici) and to four physiologic races of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina). The spring wheats were also subjected, in the field, to epidemics of stem rust and leaf rust in which a large number of physiologic races of each rust were employed. The wheats were classified as one or another of the following species: Triticum vulgare, T. compactum, T. durum, and T. turgidum.By means of these tests, it has been demonstrated that the Chinese wheats are rather highly susceptible to the physiologic races of stem rust prevalent in North America. Many of the wheats showed, however, considerable resistance to leaf rust in both the greenhouse and the field tests. Varieties resistant to leaf rust were present in all of the four above-mentioned species.Seventy-five lines of Canadian spring wheat derived from a cross between Renown Selection, which is resistant to stem rust and moderately resistant to leaf rust, and Garnet, which in North America is resistant to stripe rust (Puccinia glumarum), were tested in the seedling stage in the greenhouse for their reaction to stripe rust. Two physiologic races (race 6 and race 13) were used in these tests. The same lines were subjected to rust epidemics in the field to determine their resistance to stem rust and leaf rust. Several of these lines were found to possess resistance to all three rusts. These lines may prove valuable breeding material in case it is desired to develop by breeding methods Chinese varieties resistant to all three of these rusts.

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