PARATHION, A SELECTIVE RUST FUNGICIDE, COMPARED WITH MANEB IN THE CONTROL OF CEREAL RUSTS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
G. Fleischmann ◽  
J. W. Martens ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Cereal Rusts

Parathion, an organophosphorus insecticide, controlled oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Erikss., in the greenhouse at a concentration of 0.32 g/liter when applied to oats before inoculation with rust urediospores. Slight reductions in the amount of oat stem rust, P. graminis Pers. f. sp. avenae Erikss. and Henn., wheat stem rust, P. graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. and Henn., and wheat leaf rust, P. recondita Rob. ex. Desm., were achieved at higher concentrations. In field tests, three applications of parathion gave excellent control of oat crown rust. Late infections of oat stem rust, which caused significant yield reductions, were unaffected by parathion, but were effectively controlled by maneb.

Metabolism of alicyclic acids and phenylpropanoids by uredospores of wheat stem rust and wheat leaf rust

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1091
Author(s):  
A. O. Jackson ◽  
D. J. Samborski ◽  
R. Rohringer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Germination Medium ◽  
Tyrosine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Uredospores of wheat leaf rust did not take up or metabolize exogenous supplies of quinate-U-14C, shikimate-U-14C, p-coumarate-α-14C, or ferulate-α-14C. Caffeate-α-14C was converted to an unidentified ether-insoluble component which was recovered from the germination medium.Phenylalanine-U-14C and tyrosine-U-14C were readily taken up by uredospores of both rusts and were recovered from the solvent-soluble and insoluble fractions. No evidence for phenylalanine/tyrosine interconversion was obtained. Radioactivity was not incorporated into glycosides or free and bound esters of phenolic acids when phenylalanine-U-14C or tyrosine-U-14C were used as precursors. Radioactivity was not detected in free phenolic acids when uredospores were fed phenylalanine-U-14C. When tyrosine-U-14C was the precursor, radioactive p-coumarate was detected in the germination medium kept at 20 °C, and radioactive p-coumarate and caffeate were both recovered from the germination medium kept at 30 °C.Extracts of uredospores of wheat stem rust and wheat leaf rust contained shikimate dehydrogenase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase. Quinate dehydrogenase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were not detected.

Studies on asexual variation in the virulence of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, and wheat leaf rust, Puccinia recondita

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1383-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bartos ◽  
G. Fleischmann ◽  
D. J. Samborski ◽  
W. A. Shipton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inheritance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Wheat Leaf

This study was conducted to determine the nature and extent of variation in cereal leaf rusts. Two different races of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, were recovered from a mixture of single-spored cultures of races 228 and 393. A further subculturing yielded nine non-parental virulence combinations, which could have resulted from somatic recombination.Single-spore isolates of race 228, avirulent on the oat variety Saia were increased, and screened on Saia. Eighty-seven susceptible infections were obtained from a total of nearly 40 000 infections. This variation could result from a high mutation rate.A unique form of variation was observed when Saia-virulent isolates of race 229 were subcultured. Approximately half the subcultures were virulent and half were avirulent on Saia. Further isolations from the avirulent subcultures were all avirulent. Serial propagation of race 229 continued to give cultures virulent and avirulent on Saia. A stable culture of race 229 virulent on Saia was not obtained. Cytological examination of this race 229 culture showed that most of the spores were dikaryotic. Aneuploidy or cytoplasmic inheritance might account for this variability on Saia.Uredial isolates of wheat leaf rust, Puccinia recondita, differing in virulence and color were also studied for the possible occurrence of recombinants. No recombinants were found in six mixtures, each consisting of two different uredial isolates.

scholarly journals Isozyme Uniformity and Virulence Variation in Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and P. recondita f. sp. tritici in Australia

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Burdon ◽  
NH Luig ◽  
DR Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Virulence Variation

During a routine survey of pathotypes of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (the wheat stem rust pathogen) and P. recondita f. sp. tritici (the wheat leaf rust pathogen) present in Australia during the 1981-82 growing season, 16 pathotypes of P. graminis tritici and 12 pathotypes of P. recondita tritici were detected in total samples of 193 and 180 isolates of the two pathogens respectively. For both pathogens the distribution of isolates amongst the different pathotypes was highly uneven. The commonest pathotype of P. graminis tritici (pathotype 343-1,2,3,5,6) comprised 50% of isolates while the commonest pathotype of P. recondita tritici (pathotype 104-2,3,6) made up 69 % of isolates. Many pathotypes of both species were represented by single isolates only.

scholarly journals Resistance to Leaf Rust, Stripe Rust, and Stem Rust in Aegilops spp. in Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Anikster ◽  
J. Manisterski ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
K. J. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Wheat Leaf

In all, 1,323 single plant accessions of Aegilops bicornis, A. kotschyi, A. longissima, A. ovata, A. searsii, A. sharonensis, A. speltoides, and A. variabilis collected from 18 regions in Israel and 2 adjacent regions in Lebanon and Egypt were evaluated for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (P. striiformis) resistance in field plots and for seedling resistance to leaf rust and stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. tritici) in greenhouse tests. Nearly all accessions of A. speltoides were highly resistant to leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust. A. longissima and A. ovata were highly resistant to stripe rust, whereas A. bicornis and A. kotschyi were highly susceptible. A. searsii was highly susceptible to stem rust, but 24 to 51% of accessions of A. bicornis, A. longissima, A. ovata, and A. variabilis were resistant to stem rust. Except for A. ovata and A. speltoides, more than 95% of the Aegilops accessions were susceptible to leaf rust caused by P. recondita alternating on Anchusa spp. Only Aegilops ovata was susceptible to P. recondita from Echium spp. A. bicornis, A. koschyi, and A. searsii were highly susceptible as seedlings to common wheat leaf rust caused by P. triticina. Most accessions of A. variabilis and about half of the accessions of A. longissima had good seedling resistance to P. triticina. Few accessions of A. ovata showed seedling resistance to the P. triticina population in Israel, but 30% were resistant to U.S. isolates. In field tests, A. bicornis showed high susceptibility to common wheat leaf rust, but more than 90% of the accessions of the other Aegilops spp. developed little or no leaf rust on adult plants. The Aegilops spp. in Israel and adjoining countries provide a rich and varied source of rust resistance for wheat breeding.

Control of wheat leaf rust with 4-n-butyl-1,2,4-triazole

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Rees ◽  
GJ Platz
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Puccinia Recondita Tritici ◽  
Excellent Control

The control of wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita tritici) by seed or foliar applications of 4-n-butyl-l,2,4-triazole (RH-124) has been examined in field experiments over three years at Gatton, Queensland. Single foliar sprays of RH-124 at rates as low as 100 g a.i, ha-1 have given excellent control of leaf rust. One such spray resulted in a yield increase of 30 per cent. A spray at 400 g a.i. ha-1 increased yield by 46 per cent compared with an increase of 61 per cent in the rust-free reference. Applications around the early boot stage of crop development were the most effective. Treatment of seed with RH-124 resulted in some control of leaf rust in one season with an associated yield increase of 22 per cent. Although RH-124 appears promising, additional studies are required before use of the fungicide on commercial wheat crops would be accepted.

THE EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ON UREDIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CEREAL RUSTS

1937 ◽  
Vol 15c (9) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorvaldur Johnson ◽  
Margaret Newton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Cereal Rusts

The effect of high temperatures on the development of stem rust and leaf rust on wheat seedlings and stem rust and crown rust on oats seedlings was studied in greenhouse experiments. The experimental results show that, for temperatures above the optimum for rust development, the higher the temperature the less vigorous the pustule development. Physiologic races that at ordinary temperatures produce a "4" type of infection tend to develop a "3" type or an "x" type at higher temperatures. At still higher temperatures the infection type becomes "2" or "1" or even merely necrotic flecks. Physiologic races of the same rust differ in their sensitiveness to temperature. In stem rust of wheat, races that had been inbred by repeated selfings for two or more generations, showed greater sensitiveness to temperature than races collected in the field. Leaf rust of wheat and crown rust of oats were less tolerant of high temperatures than stem rust of wheat.

Genes for wheat stem rust resistance postulated in German cultivars and their efficacy in seedling and adult-plant field tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Flath ◽  
Thomas Miedaner ◽  
Pablo D. Olivera ◽  
Matthew N. Rouse ◽  
Yue Jin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust

scholarly journals Nonhost Resistance of Rice to Rust Pathogens

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1143-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ayliffe ◽  
Rosangela Devilla ◽  
Rohit Mago ◽  
Rosemary White ◽  
Mark Talbot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Nonhost Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Infection Structures ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Rust Pathogens ◽  
Cereal Rusts

Rice is atypical in that it is an agricultural cereal that is immune to fungal rust diseases. This report demonstrates that several cereal rust species (Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici, P. triticina, P. striiformis, and P. hordei) can infect rice and produce all the infection structures necessary for plant colonization, including specialized feeding cells (haustoria). Some rust infection sites are remarkably large and many plant cells are colonized, suggesting that nutrient uptake occurs to support this growth. Rice responds with an active, nonhost resistance (NHR) response that prevents fungal sporulation and that involves callose deposition, production of reactive oxygen species, and, occasionally, cell death. Genetic variation for the efficacy of NHR to wheat stem rust and wheat leaf rust was observed. Unlike cereal rusts, the rust pathogen (Melampsora lini) of the dicotyledenous plant flax (Linum usitatissimum) rarely successfully infects rice due to an apparent inability to recognize host-derived signals. Morphologically abnormal infection structures are produced and appressorial-like structures often don't coincide with stomata. These data suggest that basic compatibility is an important determinate of nonhost infection outcomes of rust diseases on cereals, with cereal rusts being more capable of infecting a cereal nonhost species compared with rust species that are adapted for dicot hosts.

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