A COMPARISON OF A DRIED CRUDE FILTRATE CONTAINING ANTIBIOTIC P-9, WITH A NICKEL–ZINEB MIXTURE, AND DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROACETONE FOR CEREAL RUST CONTROL

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
W. A. F. Hagborg
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Good For ◽  
Extraneous Substance ◽  
Cereal Rusts

Dried crude filtrate (DCF) from Streptomyces sp., containing antibiotic P-9, was compared in 1962 with a mixture of nickel chloride and zineb and in 1964 with symmetrical dichlorotetrafluoroacetone (DCTFA) for the control of cereal rusts on Marquis wheat. Seven applications of DCF gave significantly better control of stem rust on the sheaths than six applications of nickel–zineb. The control of stem rust on the necks and of leaf rust was equally good for both materials. Rust control by either material resulted in a substantial improvement of yield and grade. When 280 kg/ha of DCF, a quantity equal to that used successfully in three applications over a period of 4 weeks, was applied in a single application, less control was obtained and some phytotoxic necrosis occurred. The phototoxicity may have been due to an extraneous substance in the DCF, and might not be a limiting factor with purified or partially purified preparations.Under the conditions of the experiment in 1964, DCTFA was not as effective as DCF in rust control.

THE EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ON UREDIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CEREAL RUSTS

1937 ◽  
Vol 15c (9) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorvaldur Johnson ◽  
Margaret Newton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Cereal Rusts

The effect of high temperatures on the development of stem rust and leaf rust on wheat seedlings and stem rust and crown rust on oats seedlings was studied in greenhouse experiments. The experimental results show that, for temperatures above the optimum for rust development, the higher the temperature the less vigorous the pustule development. Physiologic races that at ordinary temperatures produce a "4" type of infection tend to develop a "3" type or an "x" type at higher temperatures. At still higher temperatures the infection type becomes "2" or "1" or even merely necrotic flecks. Physiologic races of the same rust differ in their sensitiveness to temperature. In stem rust of wheat, races that had been inbred by repeated selfings for two or more generations, showed greater sensitiveness to temperature than races collected in the field. Leaf rust of wheat and crown rust of oats were less tolerant of high temperatures than stem rust of wheat.

ANTIBIOTIC P-9 IN THE CONTROL OF CEREAL RUSTS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1725-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. F. Hagborg ◽  
W. S. Chelack ◽  
J. F. T. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Cereal Rusts ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Recurrent outbreaks of stem rust, Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn., following the widespread use of previously rust-resistant wheat varieties have emphasized the need of alternative means of rust control. A new antibiotic, P-9, available as yet only in impure form, has several properties that suggest its potential usefulness in the control of cereal rusts. It has systemic and eradicative action, is non-phytotoxic to the host crop at concentrations of a higher order than required for the control of cereal rusts, is probably non-zootoxic, and is highly water-soluble.In greenhouse tests P-9 arrested infection completely in leaf rust, P. recondita Rob. ex Desm., and in stem rust and it was apparently translocated more readily distally than proximally. In field plot tests in 1959 and 1960 it reduced rust infection and increased yield substantially.

Resistance of Tangmai 4 wheat to powdery mildew, stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust and its chromosome composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Li ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
B. D. McCallum ◽  
X. M. Chen ◽  
H. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale L

The hard red winter wheat Tangmai 4 did not develop symptoms of infection following inoculation with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici E. Marchal) isolates from regions of western Canada and northern China. Tangmai 4 exhibited resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) and leaf rust (P. triticina Eriks.) races from western Canada. This wheat line was resistant to individual stripe rust (P. striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) races from the U.S. and Canada. Sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and electrophoretic analyses of high molecular weight glutenins and gliadins demonstrated that Tangmai 4 carried a pair of T1BL·1RS wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) translocated chromosomes. Since the genes located on T1BL·1RS are no longer effective in controlling powdery mildew and the rust diseases, Tangmai 4 must carry additional genes for resistance to these diseases, which makes it a valuable resource for the improvement of resistance in wheat against these diseases. Key words: T1BL·1RS translocation, disease resistance, sequential C-banding and GISH, glutenin, gliadin

Linkage and expression of genes for resistance to leaf rust and stem rust in triticale

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Singh ◽  
R. A. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Leaf rust resistance in five triticale cultivars was controlled by a single gene designated LrSatu. This gene was closely linked in coupling with the stem rust resistance gene SrSatu believed to be located on chromosome 3R. Approximately 50% of lines in the 17th International Triticale Screening Nursery possessed SrSatu and LrSatu. Lines carrying SrSatu and LrSatu occurred more frequently among complete than in substituted triticale lines.Key words: × Triticosecale Wittmack, P. graminis f.sp. tritici, P. recondita f.sp. tritici, leaf rust, stem rust, rust resistnace, genetic linkage.

scholarly journals Virulence surveillance of wheat black stem rust fungus

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-812
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
The North ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Wheat Rust

General survey for wheat rust diseases in Iraqi fields was done during the seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. The survey covered different fields in southern, middle and northern regions. Results of the first season indicated that most of Iraqi cultivars such as Tmmoze2, IPA 99 and Mexipak showed different types of susceptibility to both yellow and leaf rust infection. Disease severity increased when the conditions were favorable for infections with using susceptible cultivars. The severity of leaf rust was less in the north region comparing with the middle and south regions. Most of the introduced cultivars such as Sham6 and Cimmyto showed susceptible reaction to yellow and leaf rust. Yellow rust was in epiphytotic form at the Iraqi-Syrian-Turkish triangle where the disease severity was 100%. Low disease severity of stem rust was observed on some cultivars (1-5%), except for the cultivar Mexipak which showed 40%S in Najaf. Rusts at season of 2011 were restricted mostly in Baghdad and the yellow rust was dominant. The AUDPC of 15 wheat cultivars showed that Sawa and Sali were highly susceptible to the three types of rusts while Babil113 and Tamoze2 were resistant. No rusts were detected at season 2012.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Pestisida Nabati Maja - Gadung dan Metabolit Sekunder Beauveria Bassiana Bals. Untuk Mengendalikan Hama Thrips Sp. Pada Tanaman Cabai Rawit

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Tarjoko Tarjoko ◽  
Mujiono Mujiono
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Pest attacks on chili plants are the main limiting factor in cultivation activities. The research  aims to determine the effect of single application of botanical pesticide maja-gadung (PMG), single application of secondary metabolite Beauveria bassiana BIO (BIO B10), combined application of PMG and BIO B10  on pest populations, predator populations and plant growth and production of  chili. The  reesearh used a factorial Completely Randomized Block Design (RAKL) with 3 replications, so there were 9 treatment combinations (0 ml/l PMG, 4 ml/l PMG, 8 ml/l BIO B10, 0 ml/l PMG, 2  ml/l BIO B10,  4 ml/l BIO B10, 4 ml PMG+2 ml/l BIO B10,  4 ml/ml PMG+4 ml BIO B10, 8 ml/l  PMG+2ml/l BIO B10, 8 ml/l PMG+4 ml/l BIO B10). The variables observed were Thrips sp population, predator population, plant height, number of leaves, and fruit weight per plant. The results showed that the single application treatment of PMG  with a concentration of 4 ml/l and 8 ml/l was able to suppress the population of Thrips sp. by 21.6% and 41.4% compared to the control. The single application treatment of BIO B10  with concentrations of 2 ml/l and 4 ml/l was able to suppress the population of Thrips sp. by 66.5% and 65.5% compared to the control. The best combination application is PMG  and BIO B10with a concentration of 8 ml/l + 4 ml/l which is able to suppress the population of Thrips sp. by 76.9% compared to the control. The application treatment of PMG andBIO B10 did not affect plant height, number of leaves, and fruit weight per plant.

The association of a gene for leaf rust resistance with the chromosome 7D suppressor of stem rust resistance in common wheat

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Cytogenetic Evidence

Backcross lines of gene LrT2 for resistance to leaf rust in the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 'Thatcher' unexpectedly show improved resistance to stem rust compared with that of the recurrent parent. Genetic–cytogenetic evidence indicates that LrT2 is on chromosome 7D, which is known to carry the "suppressor" gene(s) that prevent the expression of stem rust resistance conferred by other genes in 'Canthatch'. Thus, LrT2 may be a nonsuppressing allele of the suppressor gene(s) or be closely linked to such an allele. LrT2 has been designated Lr34. Key words: Triticum, wheat, rust resistance.

Identification of stem rust and leaf rust resistance genes in Amagalon oats

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Adhikari ◽  
R. A. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

Studies were undertaken to identify the genes conferring stem rust and leaf rust resistances in Amagalon and to determine the usefulness of this line as a source of rust resistance in oat breeding programs. Amagalon was crossed with certain rust-resistant and rust-susceptible lines and segregating populations were tested with pathotypes of Puccinia graminis avenae and P. coronata avenae. Tests with the widely virulent P. graminis avenae pt 94+Pg-13 indicated that resistance in Amagalon was governed by the complementary recessive gene complex known as Pg-a. This hypothesis was further substantiated by temperature sensitivity tests and by a test of induced susceptibility to stem rust, known to be unique to lines possessing Pg-a. However, Amagalon yielded a unique source of resistance to leaf rust that was effective against current pathotypes of P. coronata avenae in Australia. This gene, assumed to be Pc91, was inherited independently of a second leaf rust resistance gene present in cv. Culgoa. It was concluded that Amagalon is a useful source of resistance to leaf rust that should be used in combination with other genes for resistance to prolong its effectiveness.

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