Physiology of two monocentric chytrids: comparative nutritional studies of Entophlyctis sp. and Entophlyctis aureus (Chytridiales)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozaffar W Hassan ◽  
Edward J Catapane
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Vitamin Requirements ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Vitamin Mixture ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

This paper describes physiological characteristics of Entophlyctis sp. and Entophlyctis aureus Fisher. The two chytrids grew best at 20-25°C in a chemically defined medium, and at 20-30°C in nutrient solutions containing bactotryptone and glucose. The range of pH that supported good growth was 6.5-8.5. Both organisms utilized ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, several amino acids, and glucose, fructose, mannose, maltose, and raffinose. They were prototrophic with respect to vitamin requirements, and vitamin mixture at a concentration of 10 µg/mL inhibited growth. They are physiologically similar to Entophlyctis confervae-glomeratae (Cienkowski) Sparrow.Key words: Entophlyctis sp., Entophlyctis aureus, Entophlyctis confervae-glomeratae.

scholarly journals The Growth Of Rhizobium in Synthetic Media

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Bergersen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Sodium Glutamate ◽  
Synthetic Media

A chemically defined medium for the growth of Rhizobium is described in which populations of up to 5 x 109 cells/ml were obtained. For the six strains of bacteria studied the complete medium supported exponential growth for two to five generations. The concentrations of biotin giving best growth varied ith strain between 125 and 250 f'g/l when the nitrogen source was sodium glutamate. NHt, NOs, and other amino acids, singly or in combination, did not upport as good growth as did sodium glutamate.

CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM FOR GROWTH OF MICROCOCCUS LYSODEIKTICUS

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Grula ◽  
Shing-kei Luk ◽  
Yung-chieh Chu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Adenylic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

A chemically defined medium for growth of M. lysodeikticus is presented. The organism possesses a relatively nonspecific but absolute purine requirement that can best be satisfied by the free base hypoxanthine although adenine also allows some growth. A substitution for hypoxanthine, however, can be made by inosine, adenosine, or adenylic acid, but not by guanosine or guanylic acid. Although biotin stimulates growth, equally good growth occurs using biocytin or biotiu-d-sulphoxide. Less stimulation is apparent using desthiobiotin, dl-oxybiotin, or biotirt-l-sulphoxide. Although amino acids are necessary for growth, no absolute requirement for a specific amino acid can be demonstrated. The amino acid requirements need to be defined in terms of those amino acids which support good growth in the presence or absence of glutamic acid.

QUALITATIVE STUDIES OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS: IX. AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wallace ◽  
A. G. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

A study was made of the more specific amino acid requirements of bacteria from the rhizospheres of clover, flax, and wheat plants for which a chemically defined medium containing 23 amino acids provided essentials for maximum growth. Of seven groups of amino acids, the sulphur-containing group (cysteine, methionine, and taurine) was found to be of special significance, the omission of this group resulting in a pronounced decrease in the percentage of organisms able to develop. Further study of organisms dependent upon this group of amino acids for growth showed methionine to be by far the most essential compound. While evident for bacteria from the rhizosphere of all three crops, the effect was more pronounced in the case of clover than with flax or wheat.

USE OF KANAMYCIN FOR THE ISOLATION OF AUXOTROPHIC MUTANTS OF ACTINOBACILLUS MALLEI

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Auxotrophic Mutants ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Minimal Media

Growth of Actinobacillus mallei was inhibited by kanamycin; the minimal inhibitory concentration in a complex medium was 1.25 μg/ml and in a chemically defined medium 5 μg/ml. Higher concentrations of kanamycin had a pronounced bactericidal effect. When a suspension of cells containing 5 × 107 viable cells/ml was incubated in the presence of 20 μg/ml of kanamycin in a chemically defined medium, complete sterilization resulted after 6 hours. Cells irradiated with ultraviolet light were grown in complex or supplemental minimal media, washed, and exposed to 20 μg/ml of kanamycin in minimal medium for 4 hours. Auxotrophic mutants with requirements for tryptophane, phenylalanine, proline, and uracil were detected among the survivors of kanamycin treatment. After treatment with 0.01 M nitrous acid and growth in minimal medium supplemented with amino acids, cells were washed and then exposed to kanamycin in minimal medium. The proportion of autotrophs among the survivors varied from 1.3 to 75%. Mutants with requirements for each of the following amino acids were identified: methionine, methionine or cystine, arginine, leucine, tryptophane, histidme, and proline, with methionine-requiring mutants predominating. Exposure of mixtures of prototrophs and uracil-dependent and methionine-dependent auxotrophs to 20 μg/ml of kanamycin for 4 hours resulted in approximately 700- and 300-fold increases, respectively, in the ratio of auxotrophs to prototrophs.

NUTRITIONAL STUDIES WITH PSEUDOSARCOPHAGA AFFINIS (FALL.), A DIPTEROUS PARASITE OF THE SPRUCE BUD-WORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.): I. A CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM AND ASEPTIC-CULTURE TECHNIQUE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. House
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aseptic Culture ◽  
Entomophagous Insect ◽  
Pure Substances ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Nutritional Studies

A chemically defined medium consisting mainly of amino acids, dextrose, salts, and vitamins, and an aseptic technique are described for nutritional studies with larvae of Pseudosarcophaga affinis (Fall.), a dipterous parasite of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) In feeding tests with 542 larvae, microorganisms contaminated only 3.9% of the initial number. Within an assay period of 20 days, 83.9% of the aseptic larvae reared on the medium reached the third instar. After removal from the rearing medium, 59.9% of the aseptic larvae pupated and a number of adults emerged. The time required for 50% of the aseptic larvae to develop to the third instar was 9.2 days. This is the first medium composed of chemically pure substances, with the exception of agar, to be successfully used for rearing a parasitic, entomophagous insect. Since the intervention of microorganisms can be avoided, a basis is provided for further nutritional studies with P. affinis.

The specificity of oligopeptide transport by Streptococcus thermophilus resembles that of Lactococcus lactis and not that of pathogenic streptococci

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 1987-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Juille ◽  
Dominique Le Bars ◽  
Vincent Juillard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Peptide Transport ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Tryptic Digest ◽  
Transport Studies

Peptide transport is a crucial step in the growth of Streptococcus thermophilus in protein- or peptide-containing media. The objective of the present work was to determine the specificity of peptide utilization by this widely used lactic acid bacterium. To reach that goal, complementary approaches were employed. The capability of a proteinase-negative S. thermophilus strain to grow in a chemically defined medium containing a mixture of peptides isolated from milk as the source of amino acids was analysed. Peptides were separated into three size classes by ultrafiltration. The strain was able to use peptides up to 3·5 kDa during growth, as revealed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses. The same strain was grown in chemically defined medium containing a tryptic digest of casein, and the respective time-course consumption of the peptides during growth was estimated. The ability to consume large peptides (up to 23 residues) was confirmed, as long as they are cationic and hydrophobic. These results were confirmed by peptide transport studies. Extension of the study to 11 other strains revealed that they all shared these preferences.

A CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM FOR GROWTH OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence P. Watko
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Metallic Salts

The chemically defined medium of McKenzie et al. was modified by increasing dextrose and buffer and adding metallic salts. This modified medium supported growth of nine different isolates of P. multocida through 10 serial transfers. One isolate (strain X-73) was successfully subcultured through more than 100 transfers in the modified medium without change of its biochemical characteristics. Viable organisms were recovered from static cultures after 45 days" incubation at 37 C. A 1/10-ml inoculum containing approximately two or three organisms was sufficient to produce good growth within 24–48 h.

A chemically defined medium for the production of staphylococcal beta hemolysin

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1319-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahma S. Sharma ◽  
Riaz-ul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Cell Yield ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Toxin Formation

A synthetic medium, containing L-proline, glycine, L-arginine, L-cystine, L-glutamine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, nicotinamide, thiamine, glucose, sodium citrate, Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4∙7H2O, FeSO4∙7H2O, and CaCl2∙2H2O, was developed. It supported growth and beta hemolysin production by the 681C strain of Staphylococcus aureus when the culture was incubated under carbon dioxide. L-Threonine, L-tyrosine, i-inositol, folic acid, riboflavin, pyridoxal HCl, choline Cl, and D-Ca pantothenate were added for obtaining good growth and toxin formation under air. L-Proline, L-glutamine, and L-cystine were the absolute requirements for the production of beta hemolysin under carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide stimulated the production of beta hemolysin, but invariably resulted in lower cell yield.

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