CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM FOR GROWTH OF MICROCOCCUS LYSODEIKTICUS

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Grula ◽  
Shing-kei Luk ◽  
Yung-chieh Chu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Adenylic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

A chemically defined medium for growth of M. lysodeikticus is presented. The organism possesses a relatively nonspecific but absolute purine requirement that can best be satisfied by the free base hypoxanthine although adenine also allows some growth. A substitution for hypoxanthine, however, can be made by inosine, adenosine, or adenylic acid, but not by guanosine or guanylic acid. Although biotin stimulates growth, equally good growth occurs using biocytin or biotiu-d-sulphoxide. Less stimulation is apparent using desthiobiotin, dl-oxybiotin, or biotirt-l-sulphoxide. Although amino acids are necessary for growth, no absolute requirement for a specific amino acid can be demonstrated. The amino acid requirements need to be defined in terms of those amino acids which support good growth in the presence or absence of glutamic acid.

QUALITATIVE STUDIES OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS: IX. AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wallace ◽  
A. G. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

A study was made of the more specific amino acid requirements of bacteria from the rhizospheres of clover, flax, and wheat plants for which a chemically defined medium containing 23 amino acids provided essentials for maximum growth. Of seven groups of amino acids, the sulphur-containing group (cysteine, methionine, and taurine) was found to be of special significance, the omission of this group resulting in a pronounced decrease in the percentage of organisms able to develop. Further study of organisms dependent upon this group of amino acids for growth showed methionine to be by far the most essential compound. While evident for bacteria from the rhizosphere of all three crops, the effect was more pronounced in the case of clover than with flax or wheat.

THE AMINO-ACID REQUIREMENTS OF CORYNEBACTERIUM SEPEDONICUM (SPIEK. & KOTT.) SKAPT. & BURKH.

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert-A. Lachance
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Corynebacterium Sepedonicum ◽  
Casein Hydrolyzate ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Nutritional Importance ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

The amino-acid requirements of Corynebacterium sepedonicum (Spiek. & Kott.) Skapt. & Burkh. were studied in a medium containing vitamins, glucose, and mineral salts. Seven amino acids, asparagine, methionine, leucine, histidine, alanine, arginine, and proline, were found to be required to obtain growth equivalent to that obtained with casein hydrolyzate, though asparagine and methionine are of major nutritional importance: no absolute requirement for a specific amino acid could be demonstrated. Tryptophane, tyrosine, phenylalanine, cystine, and cysteine were found to be inhibitory.

A Deficiency in Aspartate Biosynthesis inLactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C2 Causes Slow Milk Coagulation

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1673-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wang ◽  
Weizhu Yu ◽  
Tim Coolbear ◽  
Dan O’Sullivan ◽  
Larry L. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Milk Coagulation

ABSTRACT A mutant of fast milk-coagulating (Fmc+)Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C2, designatedL. lactis KB4, was identified. Although possessing the known components essential for utilizing casein as a nitrogen source, which include functional proteinase (PrtP) activity and oligopeptide, di- and tripeptide, and amino acid transport systems, KB4 exhibited a slow milk coagulation (Fmc−) phenotype. When the amino acid requirements of L. lactis C2 were compared with those of KB4 by use of a chemically defined medium, it was found that KB4 was unable to grow in the absence of aspartic acid. This aspartic acid requirement could also be met by aspartate-containing peptides. The addition of aspartic acid to milk restored the Fmc+phenotype of KB4. KB4 was found to be defective in pyruvate carboxylase and thus was deficient in the ability to form oxaloacetate and hence aspartic acid from pyruvate and carbon dioxide. The results suggest that when lactococci are propagated in milk, aspartate derived from casein is unable to meet fully the nutritional demands of the lactococci, and they become dependent upon aspartate biosynthesis.

scholarly journals The Growth Of Rhizobium in Synthetic Media

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Bergersen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Sodium Glutamate ◽  
Synthetic Media

A chemically defined medium for the growth of Rhizobium is described in which populations of up to 5 x 109 cells/ml were obtained. For the six strains of bacteria studied the complete medium supported exponential growth for two to five generations. The concentrations of biotin giving best growth varied ith strain between 125 and 250 f'g/l when the nitrogen source was sodium glutamate. NHt, NOs, and other amino acids, singly or in combination, did not upport as good growth as did sodium glutamate.

Nutrition of Vitreoscilla stercoraria

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1947-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Mayfield ◽  
A. S. Kester
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acid ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Aspartate Family

The present study has shown that the glutamate or aspartate families, plus the aromatic amino acid family are required for growth of Vitreoscilla stercoraria. Furthermore, glutamine can substitute for the glutamate family, asparagine and methionine can replace the aspartate family, and tyrosine can substitute for the aromatic family. Amino acids which are easily oxidized by this organism, particularly serine and cysteine, stimulated growth. From these data, a defined medium was devised, which contained the fewest amino acids that could support good growth of V. stercoraria.

THE AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF A PERMANENT STRAIN OF ALTERED UTERINE FIBROBLASTS (U12-705)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 861-868
Author(s):  
H. E. Swim ◽  
R. F. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Permanent Strain ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

A permanent line of altered human fibroblasts, strain U12-705, was found to require arginine, cystine, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine for growth in a defined medium supplemented with 2.5% (v/v) dialyzed chick embryo extract and 5% dialyzed horse serum. In the absence of any of the essential amino acids the cells not only fail to proliferate but undergo degenerative changes which increased with time. The omission of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, hydroxyproline, and proline either separately or collectively does not alter the rate of growth or result in changes in the appearance of the cells. Cysteine and glutathione are equally as effective as cystine in promoting the growth of U12-705. None of the D-enantiomorphs of the essential amino acids will effectively replace the corresponding L-isomer. Single D-amino acids are not inhibitory when added to the medium in 5 times the concentration of the L-amino acid. The minimum concentrations of essential amino acids which permit optimal proliferation under the conditions employed range from 0.005 to 0.5 mM. Essential amino acids with the exception of glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, and valine are toxic for U12-705 when employed at a concentration of 5 mM. Toxic manifestations vary with the amino acid and range from cytologic changes in the cells without a significant decrease in the growth rate to complete inhibition of growth and extensive cellular degeneration.

Physiology of two monocentric chytrids: comparative nutritional studies of Entophlyctis sp. and Entophlyctis aureus (Chytridiales)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozaffar W Hassan ◽  
Edward J Catapane
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Vitamin Requirements ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Vitamin Mixture ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

This paper describes physiological characteristics of Entophlyctis sp. and Entophlyctis aureus Fisher. The two chytrids grew best at 20-25°C in a chemically defined medium, and at 20-30°C in nutrient solutions containing bactotryptone and glucose. The range of pH that supported good growth was 6.5-8.5. Both organisms utilized ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, several amino acids, and glucose, fructose, mannose, maltose, and raffinose. They were prototrophic with respect to vitamin requirements, and vitamin mixture at a concentration of 10 µg/mL inhibited growth. They are physiologically similar to Entophlyctis confervae-glomeratae (Cienkowski) Sparrow.Key words: Entophlyctis sp., Entophlyctis aureus, Entophlyctis confervae-glomeratae.

UTILIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATES AND AMINO ACIDS BY MICROCOCCUS RADIODURANS

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harkison D. Raj ◽  
Frances L. Duryee ◽  
Anne M. Deeney ◽  
Chih H. Wang ◽  
Arthur W. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Radioactive Tracer ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

The nutrition and metabolism of a recently isolated Micrococcus species resistant to closes of gamma radiation as high as 6 × 106 r.e.p. were studied by manometric and radioactive tracer techniques. Methionine, the only amino acid shown to be essential in a chemically defined medium, appears to be rapidly incorporated into the cells. DL-Glutamic acid is readily metabolized, the D isomer apparently after an initial lag. Among the simple carbohydrates, fructose, glucose, and glycerol are readily utilized. The operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle is suggested by the oxidation of certain TCA intermediates. The prompt conversion of C-1 of gluconate to CO2, in the presence of glucose, may indicate that a C1–C5 cleavage pathway is operative for catabolism of glucose in this organism.

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