Ascocarp induction in a natural auxotroph of a predatory fungus

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3262-3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zachariah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Absolute Requirement

A natural auxotroph of Arthrobotrys dactyloides with an absolute requirement for several amino acids was isolated from forest soil. When combined with a prototrophic strain the putative heterokaryon had growth characteristics differing from those of either component. With a second prototroph, the putative heterokaryon acquired the ability to produce sterile apothecia. The possibility is discussed that the auxotroph is essential to the initiation of sexual morphogenesis in these anamorphs.

A natural auxotroph of a nematode-trapping fungus

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3255-3261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zachariah ◽  
J. R. Victor
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Absolute Requirement

The nutritional requirements of a unique predatory fungus are described. The strain of Arthrobotrys dactyloides was isolated from forest soil and has an absolute requirement for histidine and methionine with a partial requirement for several other amino acids. In common with many other fungi it requires glucose and one or more of the B vitamins.

Response of forest soil Acari to prescribed fire following stand structure manipulation in the southern Cascade RangeThis article is one of a selection of papers from the Special Forum on Ecological Studies in Interior Ponderosa Pine — First Findings from Blacks Mountain Interdisciplinary Research.

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Camann ◽  
Nancy E. Gillette ◽  
Karen L. Lamoncha ◽  
Sylvia R. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Dominance Relationships

We studied responses of Acari, especially oribatid mites, to prescribed low-intensity fire in an east side pine site in the southern Cascade Range in California. We compared oribatid population and assemblage responses to prescribed fire in stands that had been selectively logged to enhance old growth characteristics, in logged stands to minimize old growth characteristics, and in undisturbed forest reference stands. Low-intensity prescribed fire altered habitat characteristics within the organic layer of forest soil. Acarine populations declined following prescribed fire, and oribatid losses accounted for two thirds of that decline. Individual oribatid species responded differently to prescribed fire, with a few populations increasing after fire but most declining. The prescribed fire also altered oribatid assemblages, reducing species richness and species diversity and modifying assemblage dominance relationships. We also identified several oribatid taxa that were potential indicator species of fire effects upon forest soil fauna. Finally, our results suggested that oribatid responses to fire were intensified by stand alteration and especially by removal of old growth structural characteristics. Decline in oribatid abundance, species richness and diversity, and loss of equilibrium dominance relationships was greatest in the low structural diversity plots.

Mineralization of amino acids and its signs in nitrogen cycling of forest soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliang Ma ◽  
Guangting Pei ◽  
Ren Gao ◽  
Yunfeng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Forest Soil

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Pathogenicity Differences of Avian Paramyxovirus 1 Genotypes VI and VII in Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Song ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Huiming Yang ◽  
Yawen Bu ◽  
Guozhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sequence Alignment ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Restriction Digestion ◽  
Avian Paramyxovirus ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Full Length Genome ◽  
Genotype Vii

Background: Genotypes VI and VII of  (APMV-1) have different host range and pathogenicity in pigeons and chickens. However, the molecular determinants of these differences are still unclear. Methods: Here, we aligned the DNA sequences of 56 genotype VI and 33 genotype VII APMV-1 strains. Sequence alignment results revealed that there are 17 amino acids sites differed between APMV-1 strains of these two genotypes. We then constructed a plasmid based on the full-length genome of rSG10 APMV-1 strain, which belongs to genotype VII but was mutated with these 17 VI-genotype-specific amino acids, and rescued as rSG10-17 strain. The restriction digestion and ligation and overlapping PCR methods were used in the construction of plasmids with amino acids mutation. This virus was evaluated for its virulence and growth characteristics. Results and conclusion: The results indicated that the virulence and the growth characteristics have no obvious difference between the rSG10-17 virus and its parental strain rSG10. The simultaneous mutation of 17 genotype-specific amino acids did not affect the virulence of APMV-1 in chickens. Further analysis of these amino acids is required by taking into consideration of the functions of encoded proteins.

Active transport of taurine in rabbit jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. G65-G72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Miyamoto ◽  
C. Tiruppathi ◽  
V. Ganapathy ◽  
F. H. Leibach
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Brush Border Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Uptake Process ◽  
Transport Inhibitors ◽  
Taurine Uptake

The characteristics of taurine uptake in rabbit jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles were investigated. Taurine was transiently accumulated inside the vesicles against a concentration gradient when an inwardly directed NaCl gradient was imposed across the membrane. Uptake of taurine showed an absolute requirement for both Na+ and Cl-. The NaCl gradient-dependent taurine uptake was stimulated by a valinomycin-induced, inside-negative, K+-diffusion potential, suggesting that the uptake process was electrogenic. The uptake system exclusively interacted with beta-amino acids of small size, but had no affinity for alpha-amino acids. Kinetic analysis revealed that the system exhibited high affinity for taurine (Kt = 14.4 +/- 0.5 microM). Taurine uptake was greatly influenced by extravesicular concentrations of Na+ and Cl-. The Cl- stoichiometry was found to be one. In the presence of Cl-, taurine uptake was sigmoidally related to Na+ concentration, and the Na+ stoichiometry was calculated to be three. Thus three Na+ and one Cl- were involved per transport of one taurine molecule. The uptake process was not affected by other transport inhibitors such as amiloride, harmaline, furosemide, and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate.

scholarly journals Growth Characteristics of Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Microbacterium, and Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Surface-Ripened Cheese

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (23) ◽  
pp. 7732-7739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Mounier ◽  
Mary C. Rea ◽  
Paula M. O'Connor ◽  
Gerald F. Fitzgerald ◽  
Timothy M. Cogan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Organism Growth ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Glucose Assimilation

ABSTRACT The growth characteristics of five bacteria, Brevibacterium aurantiacum 1-16-58, Corynebacterium casei DPC 5298T, Corynebacterium variabile DPC 5310, Microbacterium gubbeenense DPC 5286T, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus 4E61, all of which were isolated from the surface of smear cheese, were studied in complex and chemically defined media. All of the coryneforms, except M. gubbeenense, grew in 12% salt, while B. aurantiacum and S. saprophyticus grew in 15% salt. All five bacteria assimilated lactate in a semisynthetic medium, and none of the coryneform bacteria assimilated lactose. Glucose assimilation was poor, except by S. saprophyticus and C. casei. Five to seven amino acids were assimilated by the coryneforms and 12 by S. saprophyticus. Glutamate, phenylalanine, and proline were utilized by all five bacteria, whereas utilization of serine, threonine, aspartate, histidine, alanine, arginine, leucine, isoleucine, and glycine depended on the organism. Growth of C. casei restarted after addition of glutamate, proline, serine, and lactate at the end of the exponential phase, indicating that these amino acids and lactate can be used as energy sources. Pantothenic acid was essential for the growth of C. casei and M. gubbeenense. Omission of biotin reduced the growth of B. aurantiacum, C. casei, and M. gubbeenense. All of the bacteria contained lactate dehydrogenase activity (with both pyruvate and lactate as substrates) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity but not urease activity.

scholarly journals Amino Acids in Soil. II. Distribution of Water-soluble Amino Acids in a Pine Forest Soil Profile.

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 2316-2318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Grov ◽  
Egil Alvsaker ◽  
Kirsti Lampiaho ◽  
Carl Djerassi ◽  
Jon Munch-Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pine Forest Soil

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TWO ORGANIC NUTRIENTS AND NPK ON SOME VEGETATIV GROWTH TRAITS AND ROOT OF GRAPE TRANSPLANTS CV. SUMMER ROYAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulraheem & Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
The University

This research was conducted at the university of the University of   Baghdad / Al-Jadireya during the seasons of 2016  to study the effects of applying the root stimulator Essential plus 1-0-1 and spraying   of the Acadian seaweed and  fertilizer (NPK) and their effects on the vegetative and root growth of grape transplants cv. Summer Royal. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design with three replications .The experiment included 12 treatments, the first treatment (organic nutriment) (A0), included adding the root stimulator (Essential plus 1-0-1) to the soil with 4 ML.L-1 (A1) spraying the substance of the seaweed (Acadian) with of 1 g.L-1 (A2), and interaction (A3) and the second treatment was spraying with mineral fertilizer NPK (TOTAL GRO) with three concentrations (0,1.5,3 g.L-1) and were designated as B0,B1,B2.The organic nutrient treatment A3 significantly influenced all the measured characteristics as compared to the control treatment, as an increase of 84.38 % was achieved and 150 % for the leaf area of the transplant and the free amino acids, and root growth characteristics, as the length of the roots(39.26 %) and  diameter  of the roots (68.26%), as well as the surface area(26.04%) and the dry weight of the roots (48.71%).The mineral fertilization B1 and the B2 significantly impacted all the measured characteristics as compared with control , as the B2 treatment gave the maximum results in increasing the leaf area of the transplant (48.75) and the free amino acids (62.82%) and the root length (31.03%) and the roots diameter (57.05%) and the surface area of the roots (20.07%) and the dry weight of the roots (24.26%). A significant im provment was achieved in the vegetative and root growth characteristics by using organic nutriment with the mineral fertilization fcr grape transplants.  

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