Changes in understory vegetation with increasing stand age in New Brunswick forests: species composition, cover, biomass, and nutrients

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (22) ◽  
pp. 2818-2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
Shrub Layer ◽  
Age Sequence ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Understory Biomass ◽  
Fire Origin

Understory relationships were examined in 12 jack pine and 11 mixed hardwood stands representing a 7- to 57-year age sequence in New Brunswick. All stands were of fire origin. Percentage cover and frequency of vascular species and major mosses and lichens were presented for each stand. Accumulation of shrub layer and herb layer biomass and distribution of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were also examined. The biomass showed maximum values in the 10- to 20-year period after fire: it then decreased and stabilized. Contribution of the understory biomass to the total ecosystem biomass ranged from 71–88% on 13-and 16-year-old jack pine stands to 1–6% on the older stands. Nutrient accumulation generally showed a similar pattern to biomass, but some differences occurred owing to variation in nutrient concentration. In particular, shrub layer K increased dramatically on the two oldest jack pine stands; this was postulated to be due to increased dominance of Pteridium aquilinum on these stands. Understory contribution to the total aboveground nutrient pool (tree + understory + forest floor) ranged from 25 to 65% on the younger stands and 5 to 31% on the older stands.

Jack pine barrens in northeastern New York: postfire macronutrient concentrations, heat content, and understory biomass

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Stergas ◽  
K. B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Age Sequence ◽  
Understory Biomass ◽  
Reindeer Lichen

Macronutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), ash, high heat, and ash-free high heat contents were determined for current-year jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) foliage, huckleberry (Gaylussaciabaccata (Wang.) K. Koch.) and blueberry (Vacciniumangustifolium Ait.) foliage, and reindeer lichen (Cladoniarangiferina (L.) Web.) thallus in four fire-regenerated jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stands in northeastern New York aged 21, 29, 46, and 67 years. Macronutrient concentrations and heat contents were usually lowest in lichen, but other species patterns differed with the variable. Overall, differences in macronutrient concentrations for each species in an age sequence were not significant. Comparisons of live aboveground understory biomass, macronutrient content, and heat content through the age sequence showed no significant differences, but the influence of stand age may have been masked by large spatial variability. If the wildfires that regenerated these jack pine stands caused serious nutrient losses, the adverse effects were no longer detectable with the methodology used in this study.

Biomass of jack pine and mixed hardwood stands in northeastern New Brunswick

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Fire Origin

Biomass accumulation in 12 jack pine and 11 mixed hardwood stands of fire origin ranging in age from 7 to 57 years is presented. Logarithmic equations relating aboveground tree, crown, and stem biomass to tree diameter at breast height are given for eight tree species.

Nutrient accumulation for postfire jack pine and hardwood succession patterns in New Brunswick

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Pine Stands

Distribution of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the tree, understory, forest floor, and mineral soil horizons was determined for two series of postfire forest stands in northeastern New Brunswick. Twelve pure jack pine stands (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) and 11 mixed hardwood stands aged 7–57 years were examined. Regression equations relating aboveground tree nutrient content to diameter for eight tree species were calculated. The jack pine stands demonstrated variable stand density, but adjustment to normal stocking produced a sigmoid nutrient accumulation pattern in the tree layer during the 60-year period. Nutrient accumulation in the tree layer of both series of stands closely approximated biomass accumulation. Understory nutrients formed a significant fraction of the total aboveground pool, particularly in the younger stands. Organic and mineral soil horizon nutrients were found to be highly variable for both series of stands; this was postulated to be a result of the fire origin of the stands, with varying fire intensity and postfire conditions resulting in different nutrient losses from the site.

Effects of precommercial thinning on tree growth and lumber quality in a jack pine stand in New Brunswick, Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Y Zhang ◽  
Gilles Chauret ◽  
D Edwin Swift ◽  
Isabelle Duchesne
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Thinning Intensity

A naturally regenerated jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trial established in 1966 in New Brunswick was studied to determine how three precommercial thinning intensities (1.22 m × 1.22 m, 1.52 m × 1.52 m, and 2.13 m × 2.13 m) and a control (154 trees in total) affected tree growth and lumber quality. Mild (thinned to 1.22 m) and moderate (1.52 m) thinning had a modest impact on tree growth after 34 years (stand age 59). However, intensive thinning (2.13 m, or 2212 stems/ha) increased tree height by 13.1% compared with the control, whereas tree diameter and merchantable stem volume per tree increased by >20% and >75%, respectively. Yields of No. 2 and Better increased slightly with increasing thinning intensity, but lumber bending properties decreased with increasing thinning intensity. There was, respectively, >20% and >15% difference in lumber strength (modulus of rupture) and stiffness (modulus of elasticity) between the mild (1.22 m) and intensive (2.13 m) thinnings. Intensive precommercial thinning (2.13 m) is recommended for increased volume growth, but rotation age (>59 years) should not be reduced if lumber bending properties are of concern.

Woody debris volumes and carbon accumulation differ across a chronosequence of boreal red pine and jack pine stands

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 768-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Allard ◽  
Andrew Park
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Data Set ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Pine Stands

Boreal forests are thought to store more than 30% of the world’s terrestrial carbon (C), much of it in the form of dead wood. Harvesting, stand transformation, and climate change the storage capacity of this carbon pool and improved quantification of C storage is needed to improve the accuracy and coverage of C accounting in Canadian forests. In this study, we compared wood volumes and C storage in coarse woody debris (CWD), fine woody debris (FWD), and standing dead wood (snags) in a 94-year chronosequence of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands in the Sandilands Provincial Forest, southeastern Manitoba. In our data set of 20 jack pine and 17 red pine stands, jack pine stands supported higher volumes of CWD, snags, and sparsely distributed FWD than red pine stands. Mean CWD volume and C mass were, respectively, 18.6 m3·ha−1 and 2.6 tonnes (t)·ha−1 for jack pine and 11.3 m3·ha−1 and 1.1 t·ha−1 for red pine. Snag volumes and C mass were, respectively, 1.8 m3·ha−1 and 0.25 t·ha−1 for jack pine and 0.26 m3·ha−1 and 0.04 t·ha−1 for red pine. CWD loads in jack pine stands followed a U-shaped distribution with stand age, and snag loads in jack pine increased linearly with time. No such significant trends for CWD or snags were observed in red pine. Our results confirm that stand conversion from fire-origin jack pine to red pine plantations has the potential to significantly reduce and alter temporal patterns of dead wood accumulation across the landscape.

The Importance of Cover on Use of Conifer Plantations by Snowshoe Hares in Northern New Brunswick

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Parker
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Conifer Plantations ◽  
Pine Stands

Five conifer plantations were sampled in northern New Brunswick for winter use by snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus). In 8-year old plantations winter hare pellets were 20 times more abundant in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) than in a black spruce (Picea mariana) stand, which in turn contained 30% more pellets than a red pine (Pinus resinosa) stand. In two 13-year-old plantations, hare pellets were more abundant in a black spruce than a jack pine stand. Conifer cover 1-3 m in height influenced pellet densities. Conifer cover < 1 m in height did not influence pellet densities (winter hare use) probably due to snow depths of approximately that height. Winter pellet densities did not relate to availability of deciduous twigs (preferred food). In young plantations (~8 years), conifer cover was greatest in jack pine stands. By 13 years, high hare densities and subsequent browsing reduced critical conifer cover values in jack pine stands. Conifer cover values and hare densities increased with age of spruce plantations due to less browsing intensity in earlier years. It is concluded that conifer cover 1-3 m above ground is the single most important factor influencing distribution of hares among spruce and pine plantations (and consequent feeding damage to stock species) during winter in northern New Brunswick. Key words: Snowshoe hare, New Brunswick, winter use of pine and spruce plantations, importance of cover.

Jack pine cone quality and cache sizes of red squirrels in southern New Brunswick, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Setterington ◽  
Daniel M. Keppie
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Relationships between external cone characteristics (length, width, wet and dry mass), cone quality (total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass, total number of seeds per cone, total seed mass per cone), and number of cones in caches were evaluated for caches of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) cones belonging to red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in two plantations in southern New Brunswick. Cone length and mass were good predictors of the total number of seeds per cone and total seed mass per cone. Length accounted for a small proportion of the variance of total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass. There was no relationship between the number of seeds or total seed mass per cone and the number of cones per cache.

Erratum: Effects of precommercial thinning on tree growth and lumber quality in a jack pine stand in New Brunswick, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2380
Author(s):  
S. Y. Zhang ◽  
Gilles Chauret ◽  
D. Edwin Swift ◽  
Isabelle Duchesne
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Precommercial Thinning

Estimation de la production de jeunes plantations de pin rouge et de pin gris du sud du Québec

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Bolghari
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
St Lawrence River

Multiple regression equations have been developed to predict yield from young red pine and jack pine plantations. Data from 446 sample plots representing young red pine and jack pine stands located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River between Quebec and Montreal were analysed. The red pine plantation yielded more than the jack pine. However, in plantation both species yield more than in natural stands. Taking into account the age and spacing of the sampled plantations, the equation obtained can provide information on yield of red pine and jack pine stands the maximum spacing of which is 3 × 3 m, up to the age of 45 and 35 years respectively. The equations will allow the construction of preliminary yield tables for both species.

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