Nutrient accumulation for postfire jack pine and hardwood succession patterns in New Brunswick

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Pine Stands

Distribution of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the tree, understory, forest floor, and mineral soil horizons was determined for two series of postfire forest stands in northeastern New Brunswick. Twelve pure jack pine stands (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) and 11 mixed hardwood stands aged 7–57 years were examined. Regression equations relating aboveground tree nutrient content to diameter for eight tree species were calculated. The jack pine stands demonstrated variable stand density, but adjustment to normal stocking produced a sigmoid nutrient accumulation pattern in the tree layer during the 60-year period. Nutrient accumulation in the tree layer of both series of stands closely approximated biomass accumulation. Understory nutrients formed a significant fraction of the total aboveground pool, particularly in the younger stands. Organic and mineral soil horizon nutrients were found to be highly variable for both series of stands; this was postulated to be a result of the fire origin of the stands, with varying fire intensity and postfire conditions resulting in different nutrient losses from the site.

Estimation de la production de jeunes plantations de pin rouge et de pin gris du sud du Québec

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Bolghari
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
St Lawrence River

Multiple regression equations have been developed to predict yield from young red pine and jack pine plantations. Data from 446 sample plots representing young red pine and jack pine stands located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River between Quebec and Montreal were analysed. The red pine plantation yielded more than the jack pine. However, in plantation both species yield more than in natural stands. Taking into account the age and spacing of the sampled plantations, the equation obtained can provide information on yield of red pine and jack pine stands the maximum spacing of which is 3 × 3 m, up to the age of 45 and 35 years respectively. The equations will allow the construction of preliminary yield tables for both species.

Soil organic layer combustion in boreal black spruce and jack pine stands of the Northwest Territories, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xanthe J. Walker ◽  
Jennifer L. Baltzer ◽  
Steven G. Cumming ◽  
Nicola J. Day ◽  
Jill F. Johnstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Soil Organic Layer ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Burn Depth

Increased fire frequency, extent and severity are expected to strongly affect the structure and function of boreal forest ecosystems. In this study, we examined 213 plots in boreal forests dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana) or jack pine (Pinus banksiana) of the Northwest Territories, Canada, after an unprecedentedly large area burned in 2014. Large fire size is associated with high fire intensity and severity, which would manifest as areas with deep burning of the soil organic layer (SOL). Our primary objectives were to estimate burn depth in these fires and then to characterise landscapes vulnerable to deep burning throughout this region. Here we quantify burn depth in black spruce stands using the position of adventitious roots within the soil column, and in jack pine stands using measurements of burned and unburned SOL depths. Using these estimates, we then evaluate how burn depth and the proportion of SOL combusted varies among forest type, ecozone, plot-level moisture and stand density. Our results suggest that most of the SOL was combusted in jack pine stands regardless of plot moisture class, but that black spruce forests experience complete combustion of the SOL only in dry and moderately well-drained landscape positions. The models and calibrations we present in this study should allow future research to more accurately estimate burn depth in Canadian boreal forests.

Changes in understory vegetation with increasing stand age in New Brunswick forests: species composition, cover, biomass, and nutrients

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (22) ◽  
pp. 2818-2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
Shrub Layer ◽  
Age Sequence ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Understory Biomass ◽  
Fire Origin

Understory relationships were examined in 12 jack pine and 11 mixed hardwood stands representing a 7- to 57-year age sequence in New Brunswick. All stands were of fire origin. Percentage cover and frequency of vascular species and major mosses and lichens were presented for each stand. Accumulation of shrub layer and herb layer biomass and distribution of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were also examined. The biomass showed maximum values in the 10- to 20-year period after fire: it then decreased and stabilized. Contribution of the understory biomass to the total ecosystem biomass ranged from 71–88% on 13-and 16-year-old jack pine stands to 1–6% on the older stands. Nutrient accumulation generally showed a similar pattern to biomass, but some differences occurred owing to variation in nutrient concentration. In particular, shrub layer K increased dramatically on the two oldest jack pine stands; this was postulated to be due to increased dominance of Pteridium aquilinum on these stands. Understory contribution to the total aboveground nutrient pool (tree + understory + forest floor) ranged from 25 to 65% on the younger stands and 5 to 31% on the older stands.

Loss and recovery of ecosystem carbon pools following stand-replacing wildfire in Michigan jack pine forests

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1908-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Rothstein ◽  
Zhanna Yermakov ◽  
Allison L Buell
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Function ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Net Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Pine Stands

We used a 72-year chronosequence to study the loss and recovery of ecosystem C pools following stand-replacing wildfire in Michigan, USA, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forests. We quantified the amount of C stored in aboveground plant biomass, standing dead timber, downed dead wood, surface organic soil, and mineral soil in 11 jack pine stands that had burned between 1 and 72 years previously. Total ecosystem C ranged from a low of 59 Mg C·ha–1 in the 4-year-old stand to 110 Mg C·ha–1 in the 72-year-old stand. Changes in total ecosystem C across the chronosequence conformed to theoretical predictions, in which C stocks declined initially as decomposition of dead wood and forest-floor C exceeded production by regenerating vegetation, and then increased asymptotically with the development of a new stand of jack pine. This pattern was well described by the following "gamma" function: total ecosystem C (Mg·ha–1) = 112.2 – 39.6 × age0.351 × exp(–0.053 × age01.039); mean-corrected R2 = 0.976. Using the first derivative of this parameterized gamma function, we estimated that jack pine stands function as a weak source of C to the atmosphere for only ca. 6 years following wildfire, and reach a maximum net ecosystem productivity of 1.6 Mg C·ha–1·year–1 by year 16. We attribute the rapid transition from carbon source to carbon sink in these ecosystems to two factors: (i) stand-replacing wildfires in these xeric forests leave behind little respirable substrate in surface organic horizons, and (ii) jack pine is able to rapidly reestablish following wildfires via serotinous cones. Jack pine stands remained net sinks for C across the chronosequence; however, net ecosystem productivity had declined to 0.12 C ha–1·year–1 by year 72. Carbon sequestration by mature jack pine ecosystems was driven primarily by continued growth of overstory jack pine, not by accumulation of detrital C.

Selected Parameters of Fire Behavior and Pinus banksiana Lamb. Regeneration in Eastern Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Weber ◽  
C. E. Van Wagner ◽  
Monte Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Eastern Ontario

Fire behavior variables were quantified in eastern Ontario jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) ecosystems and used to interpret observed fire impacts and effects. A series of seven fires, ranging in frontal fire intensity from 70 to 17 000 W/m, were documented. Forest floor moisture content prior to burning was negatively correlated with weight of forest floor consumed per unit area (r2 = 0.97) and per cent mineral soil bared (r2 = 0.95). Frontal fire intensity was positively correlated with per cent tree mortality (r2 = 0.98) and mean height of char (r2 = 0.76). Frontal fire intensities of 17 000 kW/m resulted in seedling numbers of 30 000 to over 50 000 ha−1 considered to be more than adequate for establishing the next generation of crop trees. Jack pine mean seedling height, 13 to 16 years after fire, was also positively correlated with frontal fire intensity (r2 = 0.82), ranging from 0.5 to 3.8 m on lowest and highest intensity burns, respectively. Similar relationships were found when seedling height was regressed against per cent tree mortality (r2 = 0.62) and forest floor consumption (r2 = 0.79).Results are discussed in terms of ecological requirements of the species, particularly during the regeneration phase, and it is concluded that quantification of fire behavior observations is mandatory if burning conditions are to be understood and/or duplicated by the land manager for the attainment of a given forest management objective.

The Importance of Cover on Use of Conifer Plantations by Snowshoe Hares in Northern New Brunswick

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Parker
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Conifer Plantations ◽  
Pine Stands

Five conifer plantations were sampled in northern New Brunswick for winter use by snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus). In 8-year old plantations winter hare pellets were 20 times more abundant in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) than in a black spruce (Picea mariana) stand, which in turn contained 30% more pellets than a red pine (Pinus resinosa) stand. In two 13-year-old plantations, hare pellets were more abundant in a black spruce than a jack pine stand. Conifer cover 1-3 m in height influenced pellet densities. Conifer cover < 1 m in height did not influence pellet densities (winter hare use) probably due to snow depths of approximately that height. Winter pellet densities did not relate to availability of deciduous twigs (preferred food). In young plantations (~8 years), conifer cover was greatest in jack pine stands. By 13 years, high hare densities and subsequent browsing reduced critical conifer cover values in jack pine stands. Conifer cover values and hare densities increased with age of spruce plantations due to less browsing intensity in earlier years. It is concluded that conifer cover 1-3 m above ground is the single most important factor influencing distribution of hares among spruce and pine plantations (and consequent feeding damage to stock species) during winter in northern New Brunswick. Key words: Snowshoe hare, New Brunswick, winter use of pine and spruce plantations, importance of cover.

Jack pine cone quality and cache sizes of red squirrels in southern New Brunswick, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Setterington ◽  
Daniel M. Keppie
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Relationships between external cone characteristics (length, width, wet and dry mass), cone quality (total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass, total number of seeds per cone, total seed mass per cone), and number of cones in caches were evaluated for caches of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) cones belonging to red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in two plantations in southern New Brunswick. Cone length and mass were good predictors of the total number of seeds per cone and total seed mass per cone. Length accounted for a small proportion of the variance of total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass. There was no relationship between the number of seeds or total seed mass per cone and the number of cones per cache.

Erratum: Effects of precommercial thinning on tree growth and lumber quality in a jack pine stand in New Brunswick, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2380
Author(s):  
S. Y. Zhang ◽  
Gilles Chauret ◽  
D. Edwin Swift ◽  
Isabelle Duchesne
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Precommercial Thinning
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