Jack pine barrens in northeastern New York: postfire macronutrient concentrations, heat content, and understory biomass

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Stergas ◽  
K. B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Age Sequence ◽  
Understory Biomass ◽  
Reindeer Lichen

Macronutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), ash, high heat, and ash-free high heat contents were determined for current-year jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) foliage, huckleberry (Gaylussaciabaccata (Wang.) K. Koch.) and blueberry (Vacciniumangustifolium Ait.) foliage, and reindeer lichen (Cladoniarangiferina (L.) Web.) thallus in four fire-regenerated jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stands in northeastern New York aged 21, 29, 46, and 67 years. Macronutrient concentrations and heat contents were usually lowest in lichen, but other species patterns differed with the variable. Overall, differences in macronutrient concentrations for each species in an age sequence were not significant. Comparisons of live aboveground understory biomass, macronutrient content, and heat content through the age sequence showed no significant differences, but the influence of stand age may have been masked by large spatial variability. If the wildfires that regenerated these jack pine stands caused serious nutrient losses, the adverse effects were no longer detectable with the methodology used in this study.

Changes in understory vegetation with increasing stand age in New Brunswick forests: species composition, cover, biomass, and nutrients

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (22) ◽  
pp. 2818-2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
Shrub Layer ◽  
Age Sequence ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Understory Biomass ◽  
Fire Origin

Understory relationships were examined in 12 jack pine and 11 mixed hardwood stands representing a 7- to 57-year age sequence in New Brunswick. All stands were of fire origin. Percentage cover and frequency of vascular species and major mosses and lichens were presented for each stand. Accumulation of shrub layer and herb layer biomass and distribution of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were also examined. The biomass showed maximum values in the 10- to 20-year period after fire: it then decreased and stabilized. Contribution of the understory biomass to the total ecosystem biomass ranged from 71–88% on 13-and 16-year-old jack pine stands to 1–6% on the older stands. Nutrient accumulation generally showed a similar pattern to biomass, but some differences occurred owing to variation in nutrient concentration. In particular, shrub layer K increased dramatically on the two oldest jack pine stands; this was postulated to be due to increased dominance of Pteridium aquilinum on these stands. Understory contribution to the total aboveground nutrient pool (tree + understory + forest floor) ranged from 25 to 65% on the younger stands and 5 to 31% on the older stands.

Ice storm impact and management implications for jack pine and pitch pine stands in New York, USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thad E Yorks ◽  
Kenneth B Adams
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Ice Storm Damage

In January 1998, an ice storm caused severe damage to the rare jack pine – pitch pine barrens in northeastern New York. We quantified tree damage and recovery in seven barrens stands and an adjacent red pine stand. Ice storm damage was variable among stands with 44% to 94% of trees exhibiting damage. Live tree basal area (BA) was reduced by 9% to 45% in six of the eight stands, and dead tree BA increased in all stands. In mixed jack pine – pitch pine stands, the percent of jack pines dead after the ice storm (71% to 91%) was much higher than red maple (0% to 7%) or pitch pine (17% to 25%).Mortality of pitch pine was very low due largely to its ability to produce epicormic growth. Red pine exhibited more severe damage than eastern white pine. Because pine regeneration remains absent or sparse in the barrens stands, deciduous trees and ericaceous shrubs may eventually replace pine species. Mortality due to ice damage may exacerbate this problem in the absence of some regenerating disturbance, such as fire or harvesting. Key words: ice storm damage, pine barrens, Pinus banksiana, jack pine, Pinus rigida, pitch pine, Pinus resinosa, red pine, Pinus strobus, eastern white pine, Acer rubrum, red maple

Foliar heat content variations in four coniferous tree species of central Alberta

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chrosciewicz
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species ◽  
The Times ◽  
Sampling Times

Foliar high heat contents were determined by standard oxygen bomb calorimetry in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), and balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.)Mill.) from samples collected in central Alberta. New foliage, sampled in mid-July and early September, and foliage 1, 2, and 3+ years old, sampled in late May, mid-July, and early September, were included in these determinations. The heat contents of the new foliage in all four species as well as the heat contents of the old foliage in jack pine, black spruce, and balsam fir consistently increased with each sampling time, while the heat contents of the old foliage in white spruce at first increased and then decreased between the times. The variations of the heat contents attributed to foliar ages lacked consistency in all four species, although the contents of the new foliage were predominantly lower than the contents of the old foliage. The overall heat contents for the combined sampling times and foliar ages in both the new foliage and the old foliage were the lowest in white spruce and the highest in balsam fir, with black spruce having the second highest content in the new foliage and jack pine having the second highest content in the old foliage.

Mowing and Herbicide of Scrub Oaks in Pine Barrens: Baseline Data (New York)

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Bried ◽  
N. A. Gifford
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Pine Barrens

scholarly journals Biomass and carbon storage in an age-sequence of Acacia mangium plantation forests in Southeastern region, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. e009
Author(s):  
Cuong Levan ◽  
Hung Buimanh ◽  
Bolanle-Ojo Oluwasanmi Tope ◽  
Xiaoniu Xu ◽  
Thanh Nguyenminh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Age Sequence ◽  
Southeastern Region

Aim of the study: The major objective of this study was to estimate the biomass increment and carbon (C) storage of the main ecosystem components in an age-sequence of three Acacia mangium plantation stands.Area of study: Chang Riec Historical - Cultural Forest, Southeastern region, Vietnam.Material and methods: In order to assess the biomass of different tree components, 36 trees with diameter at breast height ranging from 13.38 to 22.87 cm were harvested from the different aged stands. Biomasses of understory (shrubs and herbs), and litter were also determined. Carbon storage in the trees and understory biomass, litter, and mineral soil (0-50 cm) were determined by analyzing the C content of each compartment.Main results: The biomass in trees, understory vegetation, litter, and ecosystem increased with stand age. Soil C represented 61.99% of the total, aboveground tree biomass C made up 26.73%, belowground tree biomass C accounted for 7.01%, and litter comprised 2.96%, whereas only a small amount (1.30%) was associated with understory vegetation. The average C content of total tree (47.97%) was higher than those of understory and litter. Soil organic C stock in the top 50 cm depth in 4-, 7- and 11-year-old stands of A. mangium were 86.86, 126.88 and 140.94 Mg. C ha-1 respectively. Soil C concentration decreased continually with increasing soil depth. Total C storage of three planted forests ranged from 131.36 to 255.86 Mg. C ha-1, of which 56.09 - 67.61% of C storage was in the soil and 26.88 - 40.40% in the trees.Research highlights: These results suggest that A. mangium is a promising afforestation tree species with fast growing, high biomass accumulation and high C sequestration potential.Keywords: Acacia mangium plantations; Biomass; Ecosystem carbon storage; Age-sequence; Vietnam.

scholarly journals Nutrient Allocation to Different Compartments of Age-Sequence Larch Plantations in China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Hongxing Wang ◽  
Dongsheng Chen ◽  
Xiaomei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Nutrient Allocation ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Nutrient Return ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Nutrient Amounts ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting

Increased demand for forest-derived biomass has led to more intensive harvesting practices. However, the export of large nutrient quantities with the harvested biomass may lead to the depletion of soil nutrients. Therefore, improved knowledge concerning macronutrient allocation (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) to different components in forests along age sequences is crucial for their sustainable management. In this study, we quantified nutrient allocation to different ecosystem components, including trees, understorey, forest floor, and different soil depths within a chronosequence (6-, 15-, 23-, and 35-year-old) of larch plantations in China. We then assessed the danger of significant nutrient losses from whole tree harvesting (WTH). Nutrient amounts in trees increased with stand age due to an increase in biomass. Stems accounted for 59%–72% of tree biomass and contained 40%–50% of total tree nutrients in the 15- to 35-year-old stands. The forest floor’s nutrient quantities increased from the 6- to 23-year-old stands and then decreased in the 35-year-old plantations. Conversely, most soil indicators initially declined from 15- to 23-year-old stands and then increased in the 35-year-old stand. The total nutrient stocks were greatest in the soil (0–40 cm), which accounted for about 93%–99% of total nutrients in the larch ecosystem. These data indicate that WTH causes nutrient losses about 2.0–2.5 times higher than stem-only harvesting, when thinning 15- or clear-cut harvesting 23- and 35-year-old stands. However, nutrient losses by WTH have little effect on the soil nutrient pools. Prolonging the crop cycle of larch plantations may be beneficial to improve nutrient return through litterfall and allow available soil nutrients to recover.

Effects on understory biomass and forage 8–10 years after precommercial thinning of Sitka spruce – western hemlock stands in southeast Alaska

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Justin S. Crotteau ◽  
Annelise Z. Rue-Johns ◽  
Jeffrey C. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Understory Biomass

In southeast Alaska, United States, multiple-use forest management objectives include both timber production and wildlife habitat. Following stand-replacing disturbances such as clear-cutting, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) naturally regenerate and competitively dominate resources, excluding understory biomass and biodiversity. Thinning may mitigate the effects of canopy closure and permit understory development, but evidence of the effect on understories 8–10 years after thinning is lacking. We report results 4–5 and 8–10 years after thinning experiments on the Tongass National Forest to demonstrate the effects of precommercial thinning (thinned versus control), stand age (15–25, 25–35, and 35–50 years), and weather on understory dynamics and Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis Merriam, 1898) forage availability. Stand density negatively affected understory biomass, whereas temperature and precipitation positively interacted to increase biomass. Thinning had an enduring effect on understories, with biomass at least twice as great in thinned versus unthinned stands through year 10. We identified compositional differences from thinning as stand age class increased. Deer forage responded similarly to biomass, but thinning-induced differences faded with increased winter snowfall scenarios, especially in older stands. This study aids the understanding of stand overstory and understory development following silvicultural treatments in the coastal temperate rain forest of Alaska and suggests management implications and applications for balancing objectives throughout the forest type.

Nutrient cycling in Huntington Forest and Turkey Lakes deciduous stands: nitrogen and sulfur

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Mitchell ◽  
N.W. Foster ◽  
J.P. Shepard ◽  
I.K. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed

Biogeochemical cycling of S and N was quantified at two hardwood sites (Turkey Lakes watershed (TLW) and Huntington Forest (HF)) that have sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) as the major overstory component and are underlain by Spodosols (Podzols). TLW and HF are located in central Ontario (Canada) and the Adirondack Mountains of New York (U.S.A), respectively. Major differences between the TLW and HF sites included stand age (300 and 100 years for TLW and HF, respectively), age of dominant trees (150–300 and 100 years for TLW and HF, respectively), and the presence of American beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.) at HF as well as lower inputs of SO42− and NO3− (differences of 99 and 31 mol ion charge (molc)•ha−1•year−1, respectively) at TLW. There was an increase in concentration of SO42− and NO3− after passage through the canopy at both sites. A major difference in the anion chemistry of the soil solution between the sites was the much greater leaching of NO3− at TLW compared with HF (1300 versus 18 molc•ha−1•year−1, respectively). At HF, but not TLW, there was a marked increase in SO42− flux (217 molc•ha−1•year−1) when water leached from the forest floor through the mineral soil. The mineral soil was the largest pool (>80%) of N and S for both sites. The mineral soil of TLW had a C:N ratio of 16:1, which is much narrower than the 34:1 ratio at HF. This former ratio should favor accumulation of NH44+ and NO3− and subsequent NO3− leaching. Laboratory measurements suggest that the forest floor of TLW may have higher N mineralization rates than HF. Fluxes of N and S within the vegetation were generally similar at both sites, except that net requirement of N at TLW was substantially lower (difference of 9.4 kg N•ha−1•year−1). The higher NO3− leaching from TLW compared with HF may be attributed mostly to stand maturity coupled with tree mortality, but the absence of slow decomposing beech leaf litter and lower C:N ratio in the soil of the former site may also be contributing factors.

scholarly journals Biomass and nutrient distribution in aspen, pine, and spruce stands on the same soil type in Minnesota

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Alban ◽  
Donald A. Perala ◽  
Bryce E. Schlaegel
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Soil Complex ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Understory Biomass ◽  
Total Tree

Vegetation and soils were sampled in adjacent 40-year-old stands of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.), jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench.) Voss), and aspen (Populustremuloides Michx., P. grandidentata Michx.) on a very fine sandy loam soil in north-central Minnesota. Total tree biomass was greatest for red pine followed by aspen, spruce, and jack pine. Nutrient weights (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) in the trees were greatest in aspen followed generally by spruce, red pine, and jack pine. Particularly large proportions of biomass and nutrients were found in aspen bark and spruce foliage and branches. Understory biomass contributed less than 1.2% of the total organic matter in the vegetation–soil complex but contributed up to 5.0% of the nutrients. Exchangeable Ca in the surface soil was much lower under aspen and spruce than under the pines. No significant soil differences between species were detected below 36 cm. Harvesting the entire aboveground portion of the tree would remove up to three times more nutrients from the site than would harvesting only the bole.

Secondary forest structure and biomass following short and extended land-use in central and southern Amazonia

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc K. Steininger
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Age Sequence ◽  
Southern Amazonia ◽  
Made In

A study was conducted on the effect of extended land-use on secondary forest biomass accumulation in the Amazon. Structural measurements were made in a series of secondary forest stands, from 4–30 y old, in Brazil and Bolivia. Half of the stands were forest regrowth following clearance and only 1 y of cultivation; the other half were regrowth following 4 y or more of continuous pasture in Brazil and three or more rotations of medium-fallow agriculture in Bolivia. Above-ground live biomass was estimated using published allometric equations. Total biomass ranged from 17 to 207 Mg ha−1. Biomass of pioneer trees was poorly related to stand age, while that of later-successional trees increased linearly with age. Total biomass accumulation in Bolivia averaged 5.4 Mg ha−1 y−1 over the entire age sequence. Biomass accumulation for regrowth following short-term use was not greater than that for regrowth following medium-fallow agriculture. In Brazil, biomass accumulation averaged 9.1 Mg ha−1 y−1 over the first 12 y of regrowth and 5.9 Mg ha−1 y−1 over the entire age sequence. Biomass accumulation was significantly slower, around 5.0 Mg ha−1 y−1, for regrowth following continuous pasture than for regrowth following 1 y of cultivation.

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