Mycelial growth, sclerotial production and carbon utilization of three Typhula species

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-317
Author(s):  
C Wu ◽  
T Hsiang
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Turfgrass Disease ◽  
Snow Mould ◽  
Typhula Incarnata ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Temperature Optima

The mycelial growth, sclerotial production, and carbon utilization of the snow mould biocontrol agent Typhula phacorrhiza Fries were compared with the two grey snow mould fungi, Typhula ishikariensis Imai and Typhula incarnata Lasch ex Fries. Variation was observed among the four isolates for each species, but there was greater variation among species. All three species were able to grow at the lowest temperature (0°C), but temperature optima differed with T. ishikariensis lowest and T. phacorrhiza highest. On potato dextrose agar or potato malt agar at 10°C, T. phacorrhiza had greater radial growth than T. ishikariensis but less than T. incarnata. All species could utilize microcrystalline cellulose, bacto-cellulose, and glucose as carbon sources, but radial growth of T. phacorrhiza was significantly greater than T. incarnata and T. ishikariensis on these defined carbon sources tested, except for Indulin-AT, which was inhibitory to T. incarnata and T. phacorrhiza. This greater ability to utilize these structural and storage carbohydrates, combined with mycelial growth and sclerotial production over a wider range of temperatures, may help explain how some isolates of T. phacorrhiza are able to outcompete grey snow mould in field tests.Key words: turfgrass disease, biocontrol, psychrophilic.

Carbon utilization profiles of Fusarium virguliforme isolates

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tang ◽  
C.B. Hill ◽  
G.L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Carbon Utilization Profiles

Fusarium virguliforme is the cause of sudden death syndrome in soybean. Physiological variability among isolates of the fungus is unknown. One way to measure physiologic variability is to analyze growth on different carbon sources. The carbon source utilization profiles of 18 F. virguliforme isolates were examined using the Biolog FF 96-well microplate, which contains 95 different carbon sources. The utilization of dextrin, d-mannitol, maltotriose, d-lactic acid methyl ester, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, salicin, d-trehalose, and l-alanine differed significantly among isolates (P = 0.05). Carbon sources were grouped into 3 clusters based on their ability to promote growth of F. virguliforme, after calculating Euclidean distances among them. About 12% of the carbon sources promoted a high amount of mycelial growth, 39% promoted a medium amount of growth, and 49% promoted a low amount of mycelial growth; the latter was not significantly different from the water blank control. A hierarchical tree diagram was produced for the 18 isolates based on their carbon source utilization profiles using Ward’s hierarchical analysis method. Two main clusters of isolates were formed. One cluster represented greater average mycelial growth on all of the carbon sources than the other cluster. In this study, variability in carbon source utilization among F. virguliforme isolates was evident, but the results were not associated with geographic origin of the isolates, year collected, or published data on aggressiveness. Additional research is needed to determine if these carbon utilization profiles are associated with other biological characteristics, like spore germination, propagule formation, and saprophytic competitiveness.

Influence of some carbon sources on growth of Cochliobolus sativus

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-685
Author(s):  
R. V. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Agar Media

Four isolates of C. sativus were able to use a number of carbon sources to varying degrees with little evidence of a differential growth response by the isolates. With most carbon sources the response was different when growth on liquid media was compared with that on agar media. Dextrin and L-sorbose were exceptions as dextrin supported good growth with both types and L-sorbose poor with both. Lactose supported the best mycelial growth on liquid media and dextrin the best radial growth and sporulation on agar media when compared with sucrose.

Efficacy of Typhula phacorrhiza as a biocontrol agent of grey snow mould of creeping bentgrass

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Wu ◽  
T Hsiang ◽  
L Yang ◽  
L X Liu
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Turfgrass Disease ◽  
Snow Mould ◽  
Typhula Incarnata ◽  
Positive Correlations

Isolates of the fungus Typhula phacorrhiza Fries (TP) were evaluated in field tests over a 3-year period for suppression of grey snow mould caused by Typhula ishikariensis Imai (Tish) and Typhula incarnata Lasch ex Fr. (Tinc). Isolates of TP were collected across southern Ontario in the spring of 1994. In December 1994, 46 of these isolates, which had been cultured on mixed grains, were applied to creeping bent grass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) at a rate of 200 g/m2 (4 × 105 colony forming units (cfu)/m2) with inoculum of Tish or Tinc at 10 g/m2 (2 × 104 cfu/m2). In December 1995, 30 selected TP isolates were inoculated onto a new set of plots along with grey snow mould fungi. In November 1996, 22 of these isolates were re-inoculated onto the 1995 plots. All plots were rated for injury after snowmelt, 1995-1997. Isolates of TP varied significantly in their ability to suppress disease. No strong correlations were found between in vitro growth characteristics and field performance; however, significant positive correlations were found between the disease suppression trials for the 3 years, with several isolates showing statistically significant control of grey snow mould equal to a fungicide treatment.Key words: biocontrol, turfgrass disease, fungi.

scholarly journals Sinorhizobium meliloti Mutants Lacking Phosphotransferase System Enzyme HPr or EIIA Are Altered in Diverse Processes, Including Carbon Metabolism, Cobalt Requirements, and Succinoglycan Production

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (8) ◽  
pp. 2947-2956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Arango Pinedo ◽  
Ryan M. Bringhurst ◽  
Daniel J. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity

ABSTRACT Sinorhizobium meliloti is a member of the Alphaproteobacteria that fixes nitrogen when it is in a symbiotic relationship. Genes for an incomplete phosphotransferase system (PTS) have been found in the genome of S. meliloti. The genes present code for Hpr and ManX (an EIIAMan-type enzyme). HPr and EIIA regulate carbon utilization in other bacteria. hpr and manX in-frame deletion mutants exhibited altered carbon metabolism and other phenotypes. Loss of HPr resulted in partial relief of succinate-mediated catabolite repression, extreme sensitivity to cobalt limitation, rapid die-off during stationary phase, and altered succinoglycan production. Loss of ManX decreased expression of melA-agp and lac, the operons needed for utilization of α- and β-galactosides, slowed growth on diverse carbon sources, and enhanced accumulation of high-molecular-weight succinoglycan. A strain with both hpr and manX deletions exhibited phenotypes similar to those of the strain with a single hpr deletion. Despite these strong phenotypes, deletion mutants exhibited wild-type nodulation and nitrogen fixation when they were inoculated onto Medicago sativa. The results show that HPr and ManX (EIIAMan) are involved in more than carbon regulation in S. meliloti and suggest that the phenotypes observed occur due to activity of HPr or one of its phosphorylated forms.

scholarly journals Indian Mustard and Allyl Isothiocyanate Inhibit Sclerotium rolfsii

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie G. Harvey ◽  
Heather N. Hannahan ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is the predominant isothiocyanate produced by damaged tissues of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L) Czerniak). This study investigated Indian mustard and AITC mediated suppression of mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo, a common soilborne pathogen. Indian mustard (IM) treatments of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 2.0, 4.1, 5.1, 10.2, 20.4, 40.8, 81.6, and 163.3 g·L-1 (weight of reconstituted mustard per liter of air) were evaluated for suppression of mycelial growth. Treatment effect was evaluated by measuring the radial growth of mycelia. Sclerotia were placed in culture tubes containing 18 g autoclaved soil and covered with an additional 5 g soil. AITC at concentrations of 0, 4.0, 16.0, 64.0, 256.0, 1024.0, or 4096.0 μmol·L-1 was injected into the tubes. Treated sclerotia were removed from tubes and plated on potato dextrose agar to determine viability. Mycelial growth was inhibited with IM treatments (P < 0.01). Inhibiting concentrations (IC) of IM for mycelial growth inhibition of 50% and 90% were 0.7 and 1.0 g·L-1, respectively, with death resulting with >2 g·L-1. Inhibition attributable to AITC alone was lower than that achieved by IM producing equivalent amounts of AITC. Germination of sclerotia was negatively correlated with AITC concentration (r = 0.96; P < 0.01). The IC50 and IC90, of AITC were 249.0 and 528.8 μmol·L-1, respectively, at 42 hours. The lethal concentration for sclerotia was not reached; only suppression occurred at the highest treatment concentrations. Sclerotium rolfsii mycelia were sensitive to the IM volatiles and were suppressed at low concentrations. Sclerotia were more resistant than the mycelia and required higher concentrations of AITC to suppress germination.

scholarly journals Effects of post-emergent herbicides on Trichoderma harzianum , a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean cropping

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
M. Rollán ◽  
C. Mónaco ◽  
G. Lampugnani ◽  
N. Arteta ◽  
D. Bayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Soil Dilution

Trichoderma harzianum is a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Information is needed on the compatibility of this biocontrol agent and the post-emergent herbicides used in soybean cropping.Haloxyfop R Methyl (EC 10.4%), Glyphosate (SL 48%), Imazamox (WG 70%) and Imazethapyr (SL 10%) were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of T. harzianum on in vitro agar plates. Glyphosate (2000 ppm), Imazethapyr (500 and 250 ppm) and Haloxyfop R Methyl (1000, 500 and 100 ppm) reduced the mycelial growth of T. harzianum . Imazamox had no effect at any concentration.Subsequently, all the herbicides were assessed for their effect on soil populations of T. harzianum . Greenhouse assays conducted with non-sterile soil inoculated with T. harzianum and a specific herbicide were sampled before pesticide application and after 30 days. The number of colony forming units per gram of soil (c.f.u./g of soil) was evaluated with a soil dilution technique using Trichoderma selective medium (TSM). No detrimental effect was revealed.

scholarly journals Genetic and Metabolic Intraspecific Biodiversity ofGanoderma lucidum

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pawlik ◽  
Grzegorz Janusz ◽  
Iwona Dębska ◽  
Marek Siwulski ◽  
Magdalena Frąc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Genomic Relationship ◽  
Profile Similarity ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Its Region Sequencing

FourteenGanoderma lucidumstrains from different geographic regions were identified using ITS region sequencing. Based on the sequences obtained, the genomic relationship between the analyzed strains was determined. AllG. lucidumstrains were also genetically characterized using the AFLP technique.G. lucidumstrains included in the analysis displayed an AFLP profile similarity level in the range from 9.6 to 33.9%. Biolog FF MicroPlates were applied to obtain data on utilization of 95 carbon sources and mitochondrial activity. The analysis allowed comparison of functional diversity of the fungal strains. The substrate utilization profiles for the isolates tested revealed a broad variability within the analyzedG. lucidumspecies and proved to be a good profiling technology for studying the diversity in fungi. Significant differences have been demonstrated in substrate richness values. Interestingly, the analysis of growth and biomass production also differentiated the strains based on the growth rate on the agar and sawdust substrate. In general, the mycelial growth on the sawdust substrate was more balanced and the fastest fungal growth was observed for GRE3 and FCL192.

Biocontrol of Salmonella Typhimurium in Raw Salmon Fillets and Scallop Adductors by Using Bacteriophage SLMP1

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1304-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONGQIN XU ◽  
YANHUA JIANG ◽  
LIANZHU WANG ◽  
LIN YAO ◽  
FENGLING LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Potential Effectiveness ◽  
Low Level ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Variation Trends

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bacteriophage (phage) SLMP1 to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium on contaminated raw salmon fillets and scallop adductors as a function of Salmonella inoculum level, phage dose, storage temperature, and storage time. Samples were inoculated with 102 and 104 CFU/g Salmonella and then treated with different concentrations of phage SLMP1, followed by incubation at 4, 15, and 25°C, respectively. The results showed that 108 PFU/g was the optimal concentration of phage for the control of Salmonella, which was applied in the following storage experiments over a 7-day period at 4°C, a 4-day period at 15°C, and a 2-day period at 25°C. For the salmon fillets samples, 102 CFU/g Salmonella could be reduced below the detection limit at all three temperatures, whereas 104 CFU/g Salmonella was first decreased and then increased at 15 and 25°C. For the scallop adductors samples, 102 CFU/g Salmonella could be reduced below the detection limit first and then increased after a certain period at 15 and 25°C. The variation trends of 104 CFU/g Salmonella in scallop adductors were similar to those in salmon fillets. The results also showed that the Salmonella counts of both inoculum levels on samples could be reduced below the detection limit or maintained at a low level by phage SLMP1 during storage at 4°C. Phage SLMP1 remained stable on raw salmon fillets and scallop adductors. This study indicated that phage SLMP1 has potential effectiveness as a biocontrol agent of Salmonella in seafood.

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