Histochemical changes occurring at the seedling shoot apex of Pinus radiata

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Riding ◽  
Ernest M. Gifford Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Epicotyl Elongation ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Histochemical Changes

Histochemical tests on Pinus radiata shoot apices throughout the growing season showed marked changes in cell constituents. Reserve proteins and lipids were high in dormant embryos. Following imbibition, starch occurred throughout the apex and tannins were evident after the cotyledons emerged from the seed coat. Intensity of stains for DNA, RNA, and nucleohistones increased first at the flanks of the apex. At 84 days DNA, RNA, and histones displayed a zonate distribution pattern. Total proteins and carbohydrates were distributed fairly uniformly.The distribution of enzyme activity also varied. Initially acid phosphatase (AP) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were high throughout the apex. A decrease of AP and SDH activity in the apex preceded epicotyl elongation. At 84 days AP activity differed in various regions of the apex; SDH was fairly uniform throughout the central, apical, and peripheral zones. Staining for peroxidase was evident first around aleurone grains and along cell walls after imbibition. With the onset of needle formation, staining was concentrated in subsurface cells. At 84 days peroxidase activity was concentrated in subsurface cells of the peripheral zone and in the rib meristem.The results of this study indicate that the full apex is metabolically active during vegetative growth and all regions are probably involved in the determination of vegetative form.

Histochemistry of reaction wood differentiation in Pinus radiata D. Don

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Scurfield
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Wood Compression ◽  
Histochemical Tests

Histochemical tests have been applied to a study of the differentiation of the cell walls in reaction wood (compression wood) formed in the stems of horizontally grown seedlings of Pinus radiata. The results are discussed on the basis of the chemical specificity of the tests and the information they provide as to the chemical changes which occur in the cell walls.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Degradation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Herbicides in Vegetables

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Miroslav Jursík ◽  
Kateřina Hamouzová ◽  
Jana Hajšlová
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Small Plot

(1) Background: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionates and cyclohexanediones are herbicides most widely used in dicot crops worldwide. The main objective of the study was to determine the dynamics of herbicide residues in carrot, lettuce, cauliflower, and onion in order to suggest a low level of residues in harvested vegetables. (2) Methods: Small plot field trials were carried out in four vegetables in the Czech Republic. The samples of vegetables were collected continuously during the growing season. Multiresidue methods for the determination of herbicide residues by LC-MS/MS were used. Non-linear models of degradation of individual herbicides in vegetables were calculated using the exponential decay formula. Action GAP pre-harvest intervals for the 25% and 50% maximum residue limit (MRL) and 10 µg kg−1 limit (baby food) were established for all tested herbicides. (3) Results: The degradation dynamics of fluazifop in carrot, onion, and cauliflower was significantly slower compared to quizalofop and haloxyfop. The highest amount (2796 µg kg−1) of fluazifop residues was detected in cauliflower 11 days after application. No residue of propaquizafop and cycloxydim was detected in any vegetable samples. (4) Conclusions: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate herbicide (except propaquizafop) could contaminate vegetables easily, especially vegetables with a short growing season. Vegetables treated with fluazifop are not suitable for baby food. Lettuce and cauliflower treated by quizalofop are not suitable for baby food, but in onion and carrot, quizalofop could be used. Propaquizafop and cycloxydim are prospective herbicides for non-residual (baby food) vegetable production.

Hemodynamic control using models of electroacoustic signals of an oxygenated neuron

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
B.G. Tsugkiev ◽  
◽  
L.Ch. Gagieva ◽  
T.V. Tsugkieva ◽  
M.M. Chegaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Active Substances

The paper presents a comparative assessment of the nutritional value depending on the phenological phase of Onobrychis viciifolia Scop., as well as the determination of the regularity of the accumulation of biologically active substances and heavy metals in the herb of the species. The yield of green mass of plants was determined. From each hectare of sowing, 9,7 centners of protein can be obtained; the yield of fiber is 13 centners, BEV is 22,9 centners, fat is 1,6 centners, ash is 4 centners and carotene is 13.0 kg. Depending on the growing season, the chemical composition in the grass of Onobrychis viciifolia changes. The content of calcium, phosphorus increases, and the presence of iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese and molybdenum and amino acids decreases.

scholarly journals Comparative pharmakognostical study of roots of Rosa Majalis Herrm. and Rosa Canina L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Tetiana Oproshanska ◽  
Olga Khvorost ◽  
Kateryna Skrebtsova ◽  
Konradas Vitkevicius
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Boundary Limits

The aim is to conduct a comparative pharmacognostical study of the series of roots of Rosa (R.) majalis Herrm. and Rosa (R.) canina L. with the establishment of diagnostic features of morphological and anatomical structure and boundary limits of numerical indicators of raw materials. Materials and methods. The fresh and dry raw materials were used to study the macroscopic microscopic features by microscope Delta optical BioLight 300 (Poland). Determination of total polyphenols was performed by spectrophotometry (on a spectrophotometer Optizen POP (Korea)) and HPLC (chromatograph an Agilent 1200 3 D LC System Technologies (USA)). Results. The morphological (nature of the surface (periderm) and fracture) and anatomical (color of cell walls and their cavities; location of the sclerenchyma; the presence of a crystalline coating of the sclerenchyma at the root of R. canina; of various elements of the remains of the tetraarchic conducting bundle in the center of the root) diagnostical features of roots of R. majalis and R. Canina were established. Comparing the numerical values of loss on drying (not more than 10 %), total ash (not more than 5 %), extractable matter (not less than 9 %) and the quantitative content of total polyphenols (not less than 4 %) it was determined that both types of raw materials according to these indicators are almost indistinguishable. Conclusions. Loss on drying, total ash, extractable matter and content of total polyphenols of the root of R. majalis and R. canina do not have significant differences, that is why the root of both plant species can be used as medicinal plant raw materials such as “Rose root”. The obtained data will be used in further research when creating methods of quality control of plant raw materials and phytomedicines

scholarly journals PENENTUAN MUSIM TANAM, JENIS VARIETAS, DAN TEKNIK BUDIDAYA TANAMAN PADI TERKAIT MITIGASI EMISI METANA (CH4) (Determination of Early Planting Season, Type Varieties, and Cultivation Techniques of Rice as Mitigation to Methane Emission)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lilik Slamet Supriatin
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wetland Mitigation ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Planting Season

ABSTRAKEmisi metana (CH4) dari pertanian padi lahan sawah dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti cara pemberian air, pengolahan tanah, varietas padi, dan iklim. Pada penelitian ini dikaji tahap penentuan musim tanam, pemilihan varietas padi, dan tahap terakhir adalah teknik budidaya pertanian padi lahan sawah yang terkait mitigasi emisi CH4. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa musim tanam padi pada musim kemarau menghasilkan emisi CH4 lebih kecil daripada di musim hujan dengan pengurangan emisi CH4 sebesar 18,13%. Indonesia yang memiliki tiga tipe pola curah hujan tahunan (monsunal, equatorial, lokal) mengakibatkan periode musim tanam rendah emisi CH4 berbeda antara tipe curah hujan yang satu dengan lainnya. Varietas padi Way apo buru adalah varietas yang menghasilkan emisi CH4 terendah tetapi tetap optimum dalam produksi gabah sehingga dapat dipilih menjadi prioritas pertama untuk ditanam. Teknik budidaya pertanian padi lahan sawah yang menghasilkan rendah emisi CH4 dapat dilakukan dengan membuat genangan air yang dangkal saja, dengan cara pemberian air berselang, dan kombinasi antara pemeliharaan padi, ganggang, tanaman paku air, ikan air tawar, dan bakteri metanotrof dalam satu petak lahan sawah (mina padi plus). Pemberian air dengan cara berselang menurunkan emisi CH4 pada musim kemarau sebesar 59,36% dan pada musim hujan sebesar 51,68% jika dibandingkan dengan pemberian air secara terus-menerus (kontinyu). Teknik budidaya mina padi plus mengurangi emisi CH4 sebesar 21,5 kg/ha/musim tanam dan bakteri metanotrof mengurangi emisi CH4 ke atmosfer sebesar 20-60 Tg. Sawah dapat dijadikan sebagai instalasi terbuka pengolahan udara berlimbah CH4. ABSTRACTMethane (CH4) emissions from rice cultivation can be influenced by several factors i.e. the provision of water, soil cultivation, varieties of rice, and the climate. This study will examine the determination of the growing season, the selection of rice varieties and cultivation techniques of rice agriculture-related wetland mitigation of the CH4 emission. The results showed that the rice planting season in the dry season produces CH4 emissions is smaller than in the rainy season with CH4 emission reduction of 18.13%. Indonesia, which has three types of annual rainfall patterns resulting in periods of low growing season CH4 emissions differ between types of rainfall each other. Way apo buru rice species are varieties that produce low emissions of CH4 but remains optimum in grain production. Cultivation techniques of rice farming rice fields that produce low emissions of CH4 can be done by creating a pool of shallow water only, by way of provision of water intermittent, and the combination of maintenance of rice, algae, plants salviniales, freshwater fish, and bacteria metanotrof in a wetland. The provision of water by intermittent lowering emissions of CH4 in the dry season by 59.36% and in the rainy season amounted to 51.68% when compared to the provision of water continuously (continuous). Mina padi plus cultivation techniques reduce CH4 emissions by 21.5 kg/ha/planting and metanotrof bacteria can reduce CH4 emissions to the atmosphere by 20-60 Tg. 

scholarly journals Acarocomplex of grape plantations of the South of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Yu. Klechkovskyi ◽  
K. Shmatkovska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Maximum Phase ◽  
Trophic Links ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Southern Ukraine ◽  
Intensive Growth

Goal. To determine the species composition, dominant species, and territorial distribution of predatory and herbivorous ticks (phytophages) in the vineyards of southern Ukraine. Methods. Field — route surveys of vineyards to study the fauna, trophic links and colonization of vineyards with ticks. Laboratory — determination of the species composition of representatives of the acarofauna of vineyards. Results. During the study period, 17 species of ticks belonging to different trophic groups were identified, among which ticks dominate — phytophages of the Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae families. The most common among them were mites — phytophages, namely spider mites (Shhizotetranychus Oud., Tetranychus turkestanicus Ug.et Nich). Pests during the growing season go through four phases: prodromal, eruptive, gradation maximum and crisis. The graduation maximum phase, which is characterized by their greatest number, was noted during the period of intensive growth of berries and falls at the end of June — beginning of August (BBCH 71—79). The dynamics of the number of ticks by varieties is shown. The varieties most susceptible to spider mites were identified, the period of technical ripeness of which is medium, late or very late. Conclusions. Identified 17 species of ticks belonging to different trophic groups: phytophages, acariphages and mycophages. Based on observations of changes in the number of pests on vineyards during the growing season, four phases are distinguished. The graduation maximum phase occurs at the end of June — beginning of August (VVSN 71—79). It was established that all the studied grape varieties were populated by mites to varying degrees, the most susceptible were varieties of medium and late ripening.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic activity and productivity of potato plants when using foliar dressings with complex micronutrients and humate

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Olga Savina ◽  
Svetlana Afinogenova ◽  
Valentina Krishtafovich ◽  
Bakhytkul Baikhozhaeva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential

The article presents the results of many years of research on the effect of foliar dressing with complex fertilizers and humate on photosynthetic activity and productivity of potato plants of Gala and Latona varieties. The following options have been studied: 1) without treatment (control); 2) dressing with Ekorost humate at a dose of 0.2-0.4 l/ha; 3) dressing with micronutrient Strada N at a dose of 3-5 l/ha; 4) dressing with micronutrient Strada R at a dose of 3-5 l/ha. The treatment was carried out twice during the growing season: when full shoots appeared and 14 days after the first one. Determination of the leaf area and calculation of the photosynthetic potential were carried out according to the VNIIKH method (1967) three times during the growing season in the following phases: budding, flowering, and the beginning of withering away of lower leaves. The crop was harvested by the method of continuous harvesting of the accounting area of the plots with weighing. The effectiveness of the studied agrotechnical methods has been proved. The best variant of the investigated ones is the use of Strada R. The plants of this variant formed a more powerful assimilation apparatus and had the highest photosynthetic potential, which ultimately affected the yield of tubers. The increase in the yield of two varieties of potatoes was 21.8-23.1 % in relation to the control. Gala variety turned out to be more responsive to the action of vegetative treatments in comparison with Latona variety.

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