Growth requirements and development of Cypripedium reginae in axenic culture

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Harvais
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Potato Extract ◽  
The Right ◽  
Germination And Growth

In preliminary studies of terrestrial orchids of the Thunder Bay region Cypripedium reginae showed greatest promise as a species for the investigation of the effects of temperature, light, and nutrients. The orchid was grown from seed in sterile cultures on agar slopes of media consisting of various combinations of minerals, sugars, casein hydrolysate, yeast extract, potato extract, the vitamins thiamine, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine, and the aminopurines kinetin, kinetin riboside, 6(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine, and zeatin.Better germination and growth occurred at 25 °C vs. 15 °C. Germination was better in the dark than in the light. The young protocorms are adversely affected by light until a crucial stage of development is reached. Premature exposure to light, even at the low intensity of 70 lm/ft2, caused mortality.There was no germination on sterile-distilled-water agar or on mineral media alone. Mineral–sugar media produced fairly healthy plantlets; better results were obtained with sucrose, dextrose, and fructose, respectively. Cypripedium reginae was highly intolerant of the casein hydrolysate and yeast extract supplements. Potato extract at 10% of the original concentration was very beneficial.In some cultures the presence of ammonium ions could be responsible for a marked enhancement of growth (and a slight stimulation of germination irrespective of the presence of sugar). The right nitrate/ammonium ratio may be critical. Low levels of nitrate or high levels of chloride or both hindered responses to iron supplements. Also, C. reginae may have a low calcium requirement.The effects of the three vitamins were restricted to the leaves, causing them to broaden to natural proportions while those in the controls remained spindly. Thus, C. reginae may be heterotrophic for those vitamins.There was no morphogenetic response to the four aminopurines. They impeded growth equally in the light as in the dark.

The development and growth requirements of Dactylorhiza purpurella in asymbiotic cultures

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1223-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Harvais
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
The Right ◽  
Germination And Growth

Dactylorhiza purpurella was grown from seed in sterile cultures on agar slopes. The culture media consisted of combinations of minerals, dextrose or sucrose, the amino acids and vitamins etc. found in casein hydrolysate, and yeast extract. After an initial period of germination and growth, the cultures were treated with kinetin, kinetin riboside, 6(γ, γ-dimethylallylamino)purine, and indoleacetic acid (IAA), alone and in various combinations, primarily to simulate patterns of development previously obtained in symbiotic cultures.The results with dextrose and sucrose were essentially similar. Germination and growth in either case were markedly superior where casamino acids were present, and growth and survival were further improved with supplements of yeast extract to those media. On such media protocorm development was normal and in every respect as good as in symbiotic cultures. Aspartic, glutamic, and nicotinic acids appear to play vital roles in the nutrition of D. purpurella.The three aminopurines tested enhanced the shoot characters and suppressed the root characters of the protocorms, and enhanced chlorophyll formation. The results with IAA were inconclusive. The growth regulators may interact with aspartic and (or) glutamic acids with respect to morphogenesis.Iron (as ammonium ferric citrate) was deficient and limiting at 0.2 mg/liter Fe. Greener shoots, better rooting, and no harmful effects were obtained with 25 mg/liter. High levels of manganese (50 mg/liter) caused severe leaf chlorosis and hindered the beneficial effects of iron on the shoots. An Fe/Mn ratio greater than unity was necessary. Within certain limits, the right ratio may be more important than the actual levels of these cations.The effects of the growth regulators should be reassessed in relation to at least aspartic and glutamic acids, iron and manganese.

Recovery of haploid plants from asparagus microspore culture

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. R. Feng ◽  
D. J. Wolyn
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Maturation Medium

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) microspore culture was performed in an array of experiments that assessed the roles of plant growth and culture conditions. The following protocol provided the best results. Flowers with microspores at the late uninucleate stage of development were collected from greenhouse plants grown at 22:18 °C (light:dark) and stored at 5 °C for 3 days. One millilitre of MS medium plus 0.2 g/L yeast extract, 500 mg/L casein hydrolysate, 800 mg/L glutamine, 2.0 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid, 1.0 mg/L benzyladenine, and 6% sucrose (MSFY) was conditioned with 10 anthers/mL for 1 week, after which it was filtered. One hundred anthers were added to shed their microspores (1.6 × 105 per mL) and were removed after 3 weeks when 0.5 mL of fresh medium was added. Cultures were incubated at 35 °C for 1 week, then 30 °C for 5 weeks. Microcalli were collected subsequently on a 100-μm screen and placed on induction medium (MSFY minus yeast extract, plus 3 g/L gelrite) in darkness at 35 °C for 4 weeks and then in light at 25 °C for 4 weeks. Shoots, roots, and bipolar embryos were produced. The latter were transferred to maturation medium (MS plus 0.1 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.5 mg/L kinetin, 3% sucrose, 3 g/L gelrite, and 0.65 mg/L ancymidol) for 4 weeks, then to germination medium (MS plus 1.0 mg/L gibberellic acid, 3% sucrose, 3 mg/L gelrite). Plantlets were grown and maintained on maturation medium. Approximately 0.3% of the cultured microspores produced calli, and 85% of calli produced plantlets. Of 10 plants analyzed, 2 were haploid, 7 were diploid and, 1 was tetraploid. Key words: asparagus, haploid, microspore.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Dzhukh ◽  
Olha Mykhailenko ◽  
Maria Alipatova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Right

Any business entity in a competitive environment must assess the degree of its own competitiveness in order to function effectively and assess its prospects for the future. Having information about personal competitive positions, industrial firms have the opportunity to reveal their advantages, choose the right tactics of behavior and strategy, true to the realities of the latest market processes. The basis of competitive advantages of enterprises is the socio-economic and progressive technological and organizational base, the ability to analyze and take timely measures to strengthen competitive advantages. The article analyzes ways to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises. At the current stage of development of the national economy, the main issue to be addressed is the development of effective facilitators and mechanisms that will increase the competitiveness of domestic producers in the market and will guarantee the overall strengthening of Ukraine’s economic situation. The purpose of the article is to identify ways to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise. Compare the tools that allow you to find your weaknesses, the elimination of which can increase the competitiveness of the organization. The strategic goal is to increase the competitiveness of the domestic economy through innovation, which will create advantages for domestic producers to compete with opponents in domestic and international markets, and help Ukraine to take one of the first places among developed countries. Competitiveness is a key concept that is actively used in theory and practice of management, is a multifaceted concept, which translated from Latin means rivalry, the struggle to achieve the best results. This opens for Ukraine the possibility of transition to world standards of rational and reasonable energy consumption, development of natural resources, raising the level of technology, legal protection of intellectual property. The ultimate goal of these shifts is to create progressive and competitive innovative products on world markets. It should be noted that in the context of globalization and ever-increasing competition, the basis of competitiveness is innovation, which allows countries with innovative competitive advantages to take their rightful place in the world community.

Industry 4.0 – organizing routines or innovations?

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximiliane Wilkesmann ◽  
Uwe Wilkesmann
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Control Authority ◽  
The Right

Purpose The rise of new information and communication technologies forms the cornerstone for the future development of work. The term Industry 4.0 refers to the vision of a fourth industrial revolution that is based on a network of autonomous, self-controlling, self-configuring, knowledge-based, sensor-based and spatially distributed production resources. All in all, different forms of the application of the Industry 4.0 concept can be observed, ranging from autonomous logistic transport systems drawn upon the idea of swarm intelligence to smart knowledge management systems. This paper aims to develop a theoretical framework to analyze different applications of Industry 4.0 on an organizing continuum. The general research questions are: What forms of organizing digitalized work lead to the reproduction of routines, and what forms foster innovation within Industry 4.0? The authors thus analyze the consequences of different forms of organizing work on workers’ perceptions and the results of the working process. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides case studies for different stages of the organizing continuum in the context of Industry 4.0. The cases and a further analysis of all 295 funded projects are based on the Platform Industry 4.0 Map, which is part of the Industry 4.0 initiative of the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The consequences for people acting in such organizational and digitally supported structures are discussed. Findings A variety of applications of Industry 4.0 can be found. These applications mainly vary in the dimensions of the degree of formalization, the location of control authority, the location of knowledge and the degree of professionalization. At the right side of the organizing continuum, the digitalization organizes a work environment that supports highly qualified humans. They have broad leeway and a high degree of autonomy to design and create innovative forms of digitalization for tomorrow. At the left side of the organizing continuum, Industry 4.0 structures a work environment with narrow leeway, a low degree of autonomy and a top-down structure of control authority predetermined by digital applications. In this case, employees fill the gaps the machines cannot handle. Research limitations/implications As the paper focuses on Industry 4.0 developments in Germany, the comparability with regard to other countries is limited. Moreover, the methodological approach is explorative, and broader quantitative verification is required. Specifically, future research could include quantitative methods to investigate the employees’ perspective on Industry 4.0. A comparison of Industry 4.0 applications in different countries would be another interesting option for further research. Practical implications This paper shows that applications of Industry 4.0 are currently at a very early stage of development and momentarily organize more routines than innovations. From a practical point of view, professional vocational and academic training will be a key factor for the successful implementation of digitalization in future. A joint venture of industry and educational institutions could be a suitable way to meet the growing demand for qualified employees from the middle to the right-hand of the organizing continuum in the context of Industry 4.0. Social implications Industry 4.0 is designed by men, and therefore, humans are responsible for whether the future work situation will be perceived as supportive or as an alienated routine. Therefore, designers of Industry 4.0, as well as politicians and scientists, absolutely must take the underlying outcomes of digitalized work into account and must jointly find socially acceptable solutions. Originality/value This paper provides a promising avenue for future research on Industry 4.0 by analyzing the underlying organizational structures of digital systems and their consequences for employees. Moreover, the paper shows how Industry 4.0 should be organized to simply reproduce routines or to support innovation.

ICTs for Agricultural Development and Food Security in Developing Nations

2016 ◽  
pp. 106-129
Author(s):  
Bhattacharjee Suchiradipta ◽  
Raj Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Right

Development has many faces and complete wellbeing of human population is the most important one of them which in more than one ways involves agriculture and the farming population. Providing needed information at the right time to the rural population is the first step in their empowerment and ICTs can play an immensely important role in providing that information by increasing the dialogue between development professionals and rural people at every stage of development process. According to recent statistics released by ITU, over the last 15 years, ICTs have grown in unprecedented ways providing huge opportunities for social and economic development and this growth can be an advantage to rural advisory services. Providing correct and personalized information needs expert opinions and so multi-stakeholder engagement makes the process more efficient and ICTs provide a very unique and important platform for such collaboration, thus bringing together different stakeholders for efficient partnership. The various tools and technologies can also be tailored according to the needs of end users. But inspite of the advantages, ICTs can only be universally accepted and used when the challenges of accessibility, acceptability, funding, and sustainability are overcome. There are no formula for sure success with ICTs and situation is the best determinant of the strategy to be used and so, a balanced and strategic use of ICTs depending on the clients' needs can best utilize its potential for agricultural development and food security in developing nations.

Effects of Yeast Extract on Poly-ε-Lysine Production in Batch Culture of Streptomyces Albulus

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 1023-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Chen ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Yong Ze Wang ◽  
Fa Tang Jiang ◽  
Dong Sheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Lysine Production ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Organic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Dry Cell

Yeast extract (YE) is a sole organic nitrogen source in a commonly medium 3G for Streptomyces albulus to produce poly-ε-lysine (ε-PL). In this study, five YEs from five commercial suppliers were used to evaluate their effects on the growth of Streptomyces albulus 213 and ε-PL production. YE from bakers’ yeast with the highest total nitrogen content (TN), α-amino nitrogen content (AN) or the ratio of AN/TN produced the highest yield of ε-PL, while YE from brewers’ yeast with the highest RNA content got the most dry cell weight (DCW). However, there was little correlation between TN, AN or AN/TN in YE and the yield of ε-PL. There was also weak correlation between RNA in YE and DCW. When 60% baker YE was mixed with 40% brewer YE, the yield of ε-PL reached 1.89 g/l and increased by 16% and 37% than those of baker YE and brewer YE, respectively. Furthermore, five kinds of vitamins and nine kinds of amino acids were screened to supplement baker YE. When 6 mg/l biotin, 5mg/l pantothenic acid, 0.7 g/l L-glutamine and 0.5 g/l L-arginine were mixed with baker YE in M3G, ε-PL reached maximum production respondent to 3.05 g/l that was 61.4% higher than control.

scholarly journals The Rhinolith—A Possible Differential Diagnosis of a Unilateral Nasal Obstruction

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Brehmer ◽  
Randolf Riemann
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Right

Rhinoliths are mineralised foreign bodies in the nasal cavity that are a chance finding at anterior rhinoscopy. Undiscovered, they grow appreciably in size and can cause a foul-smelling nasal discharge and breathing problems. Giant nasal stones are now a very rare occurrence, since improved diagnostic techniques, such as endoscopic/microscopic rhinoscopy, now make it possible to identify foreign bodies at an early stage of development. We report the case of a 37-year-old patient who, at the age of 5-6 years, introduced a foreign body, probably a stone, into his right nasal cavity. On presentation, he complained of difficulty in breathing through the right nostril that had persisted for the last 10 years. For the past four years a strong fetid smell from the nose had been apparent to those in his vicinity. Under general anaesthesia, the stone was removed in toto from the right nasal cavity. The possible genesis of the rhinolith is discussed, our case compared with those described in the literature, and possible differential diagnoses are considered.

A SYNTHETIC MEDIUM FOR EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Onishi ◽  
Margaret E. McCance ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Halobacterium Halobium ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium ◽  
Cell Densities

A synthetic medium, made up of 15 amino acids, adenylic and uridylic acid, glycerol, asparagine or ammonium chloride, and various salts, has been developed for halophilic bacteria. Halobacterium cutirubrum and Sarcina litoralis grew as well in this medium as in a complex medium containing casein hydrolysate and yeast extract. Growth of Halobacterium halobium, Halobacterium salinarium, and Sarcina morrhuae was slower in the synthetic medium and the final cell densities were not as great as in the complex medium.

Notes on the biology of some native orchids of Thunder Bay, their endophytes and symbionts

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Harvais
Keyword(s):  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
The Media ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Inorganic Components

Field studies were made of eight terrestrial orchid species of the Thunder Bay region during their active growing period. In four of them roots were examined for infection, then isolation and identification of endophytes attempted.Seeds were collected from all species and, along with those of two alien ones, were grown on various media in axenic culture. Their germination and development were studied and described.Seeds were also tested in dixenic cultures with locally isolated endophytes and four fungi known to be good symbionts with other orchids. The nature of infection was finally assessed and discussed.In the field the roots of mature plants of the orchid species differed in their degree of infection and reaction to their endophytes. Only two species of Rhizoctonia were isolated. These are described.In axenic culture, germination of some species was affected by the organic (and inorganic) components of the media, in others it was not. For growth they all responded differently to such components, but most were intolerant of casamino acids, yeast extract, and potato extract. Generally there seemed to be a direct correlation between percentage of germination and amounts of subsequent growth, but a less defined one with the number of cells per seed.In dixenic cultures the orchids responded differently also to the fungi. Their reaction to infection had no relation to their ability to germinate on poor media or to germinate and grow on richer ones. Only one good symbiotic association was established. It was between Goodyera oblongifolia from British Columbia and Rs10, a rice pathogen from Malaysia.The results and their implications are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals W oczekiwaniu na wykonanie art. 23 TFUE i art. 35 TUE – wciąż niepełne prawo obywateli Unii Europejskiej do opieki dyplomatycznej i konsularnej

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
Member States ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Treaty Law ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Right

<p>In 1992, with the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty, a new institution, namely EU citizenship, was created. The treaty introduced a qualitative change in the sphere of political and legal position of citizens of the Member States, who gained in these spheres a number of new powers. One of them is the right to diplomatic and consular protection. The analysis of these two rights leads to a conclusion about the great discrepancy that exists between treaty guarantees and the effective exercise of this right. The Member States did not agree with third countries on this subject, which is a requirement of international law. Secondary law also allows only a partial exercise of the treaty’s right to care in the territory of third countries. It has been reduced only to consular assistance and is still narrowly understood. The treaty law of EU citizens remains therefore at a very early stage of development.</p>

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