The effect of mineral nutrition on apogamy in Pteridium

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-777
Author(s):  
L. L. Treanor ◽  
D. P. Whittier
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Induced Apogamy

The effect of mineral nutrition on apogamy was studied because earlier investigators proposed that low mineral levels induced apogamy. The weight of the gametophytic tissue and the number of apogamous plants per culture and per gram of gametophytic tissue were determined in relation to variations in the levels of mineral elements. The apogamous response was promoted only by high concentrations of phosphorus, and an increase in the gametophytic weight was produced by high levels of potassium. The omission of any of the elements from the nutrient medium inhibited apogamy and, except calcium, reduced the gametophytic weight.

scholarly journals Managing the Nutrition of Plants and People

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. White ◽  
Martin R. Broadley ◽  
Peter J. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Plant Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Definition Of

One definition of food security is having sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs. This paper highlights the role of plant mineral nutrition in food production, delivering of essential mineral elements to the human diet, and preventing harmful mineral elements entering the food chain. To maximise crop production, the gap between actual and potential yield must be addressed. This gap is 15–95% of potential yield, depending on the crop and agricultural system. Current research in plant mineral nutrition aims to develop appropriate agronomy and improved genotypes, for both infertile and productive soils, that allow inorganic and organic fertilisers to be utilised more efficiently. Mineral malnutrition affects two-thirds of the world's population. It can be addressed by the application of fertilisers, soil amelioration, and the development of genotypes that accumulate greater concentrations of mineral elements lacking in human diets in their edible tissues. Excessive concentrations of harmful mineral elements also compromise crop production and human health. To reduce the entry of these elements into the food chain, strict quality requirements for fertilisers might be enforced, agronomic strategies employed to reduce their phytoavailability, and crop genotypes developed that do not accumulate high concentrations of these elements in edible tissues.

scholarly journals Quality of Organic Vegetables Grown in Two Certified Sites on the Outskirts of Bucharest Municipality

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Mihaela Lungu ◽  
Sorin Liviu Ștefănescu ◽  
Monica Dumitrașcu
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
The One

Abstract Soil fertility properties, irrigation water quality, mineral nutrition, and some vegetables mineral composition were studied in the frame of a project regarding yield quality monitoring in certified organic vegetable farms, in two farms placed on the outskirts of Bucharest Municipality which provide products for the town’s organic market. Chemical analysis of the soil samples collected from the two farms reflects a good fertility, close to the natural one of this region soils, with well-balanced organic matter, total nitrogen, accessible phosphorus and potassium contents. The nitrates contents concord with the plants nutrition demands and don’t present the risk to accumulate in vegetables or to leach into the groundwater. Slightly increased microelements, both total and soluble forms, occur. Soil microbiological properties are favorable for vegetable plants growth. A good biodiversity is noticed. There are differences between soil properties in open field and greenhouses, induced both by the type and degree of mechanical works and materials applied for fertilization and plant protection. Good conditions are generally created for plants mineral nutrition. Mineral nutrition status of the vegetables grown in organic conditions, assessed by the leaves mineral composition, doesn’t differ from the one of the vegetables grown in conventional conditions. The vegetables (fresh material) harvested from the two studied farms have good, even high, concentrations of mineral elements important for the yield nutritional quality. The excessive microelements quantities noticed in soil don’t transfer in the yield, so the latter quality and nutritional properties are not altered.

Cytochalasin B: Aspects of Phagocytosis in Nutrient Uptake in Tetrahymena

1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
ELSE K. HOFFMANN ◽  
L. RASMUSSEN ◽  
E. ZEUTHEN
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Food Vacuole ◽  
Vacuole Formation ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
High Concentrations

Cytochalasin B (37 µg per ml) reduces the rate of food vacuole formation, i.e. the rate of phagocytosis, in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Cytochalasin B in this concentration suppresses multiplication rates in a nutrient medium consisting of 2 % proteose peptone, but multiplication is unaffected if this medium is supplemented with glucose and high concentrations of nucleosides. Thus nutrients in high concentrations circumvent the necessity for phagocytosis in Tetrahymena.

scholarly journals Effects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, and Cd) on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Pinus halepensis Seedlings in North Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Chadlia Hachani ◽  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Claudio Cameselle ◽  
Susana Gouveia ◽  
Abdenbi Zine El Abidine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
High Concentrations

The pollution of soils by heavy metals resulting from mining activities is one of the major environmental problems in North Africa. Mycorrhizoremediation using mycorrhizal fungi and adapted plant species is emerging as one of the most innovative methods to remediate heavy metal pollution. This study aims to assess the growth and the nutritional status of ectomycorrhizal Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to high concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd for possible integration in the restoration of heavy metals contaminated sites. Ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis seedlings were grown in uncontaminated (control) and contaminated soils for 12 months. Growth, mineral nutrition, and heavy metal content were assessed. Results showed that ectomycorrhizae significantly improved shoot and roots dry masses of P. halepensis seedlings, as well as nitrogen shoot content. The absorption of Pb, Zn, and Cd was much higher in the roots than in the shoots, and significantly more pronounced in ectomycorrhizal seedlings—especially for Zn and Cd. The presence of ectomycorrhizae significantly reduced the translocation factor of Zn and Cd and bioaccumulation factor of Pb and Cd, which enhanced the phytostabilizing potential of P. halepensis seedlings. These results support the use of ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites.

scholarly journals Mineral Element Concentrations in Vegetables Cultivated in Acidic Compared to Alkaline Areas of South Sweden

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingegerd Rosborg ◽  
Lars Gerhardsson ◽  
Bengt Nihlgård
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Limestone Bedrock ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Well Waters

A study in 1997, on mineral levels in acidic compared to alkaline well waters, and in women's hair, revealed higher concentrations of a number of mineral elements like Ca, Mo and Se in alkaline waters and hair. Thus, median Ca levels were six times higher in well water and five times higher in hair from the alkaline area compared to the acidic area. This finding raised the probability of similar differences in vegetables from these areas. Thus, in the year 2006, 60 women who had participated in the study in 1997 were asked to cultivate parsley, lettuce, carrot and chive. During the spring of 2006, the women from the water and hair study of 1997, 30 of them from the acidic area and 30 women from the alkaline district cultivated vegetables: carrot (Daucus carota L), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), chive (Allium schoenoprasum) and lettuce (Eruca sativa). The vegetables were harvested, and rinsed in tap water from the kitchens of the participating women in August. The concentrations of about 35 elements and ions were determined by ICP OES and ICP-MS predominantly. In addition, soil samples from the different cultivators were also analyzed for a number of elements. Lettuce and parsley showed the highest concentrations of mineral elements per gram dry weight. Only Mo concentrations were significantly higher in all the different vegetables from the alkaline district compared to vegetables from the acidic areas. On the other hand, the concentrations of Ba, Br, Mn, Rb and Zn were higher in all the different vegetables from the acidic area. In the soil, only pH and exchangeable Ca from the alkaline area were higher than from the acidic area, while exchangeable Fe, Mn and Na concentrations were higher in soils from the acidic area. Soil elements like Al, Fe, Li, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti, V, Zn and Zr were found in higher concentrations in lettuce and parsley, which were attributed to soil particles being splashed on the plants by the rain and absorbed by the leaves. Strong correlations appeared between Ca and Sr in all the vegetables, except for carrot. No strong correlations were found between soil elements and vegetable elements, except for soil Mn and carrot/lettuce Mn. The differences in mineral levels in both, vegetables and soils were however small, compared to differences in well waters and hair. It was also suggested that the garden soils on limestone bedrock had been drained of minerals and thereby, the soil had an acidic pH. The contribution of mineral elements to daily intake in humans was considered minor from the analysed vegetables, except for some samples of lettuce that should give significant contributions of Ca, Zn, Mn and Mo. The main conclusion is that, differences in water and hair mineral levels between the two areas in the earlier study (1997) were not mirrored in vegetables cultivated in 2006. Principally, this suggests that, for humans the mineral intake of some elements from water may be more important than from vegetables.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of mineral elements concentration in pepper varieties (Capsicum annuum L.)

2010 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borivoj Krstic ◽  
Djuro Gvozdenovic ◽  
Natasa Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Chemical Heterogeneity ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Vegetable Kingdom ◽  
Pepper Leaves ◽  
The Individual

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the major members of the vegetable kingdom. The differences between the individual varieties in mineral nutrition and the uptake of mineral elements have provoked our interest for the investigations of their genotype specificity. The chemical composition of pepper leaves at flowering and at the end of the growing season was analyzed. On the average, the content of total ash was app. 22%, namely 19-20% (soluble) and 2-3% (insoluble) at both stages. The highest accumulation values were obtained with nitrogen, then potassium, calcium and phosphorus, whereas the lowest with sodium. The most remarkable genotypic differences were recorded at the end of the growing season. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the chemical heterogeneity of pepper varieties. This crop may be grown successfully only if specificity of its mineral nutrition is known.

The effects of carbon dioxide on the growth and development of amphibious plants

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1803-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Bristow
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Submerged Plants ◽  
Land Form ◽  
Amphibious Plants ◽  
High Concentrations

When grown in a stream of 5% CO2 in air on a solid substrate, the heterophyllous amphibious species Ranunculus flabellaris and Myriophyllum brasiliense developed many characteristics of the water form. Plants of the same clones grown in 0.03% CO2 exhibited the land form. Submerged plants grew rapidly when 5% CO2 in air was bubbled through the nutrient medium, and exhibited the typical water form, while plants kept in 0.03% CO2 grew poorly, and the small leaves which developed were intermediate in morphology between the land and water forms. These results are similar to those obtained previously with Marsilea. None of these species were able to utilize bicarbonate. The stream from which the Ranunculus used in the experiments was collected contained high concentrations of dissolved free CO2 during part of the growing season. Thus concentrations of free CO2 higher than those in air may be essential for the normal growth and development of submerged amphibious plants.

Mineral nutrition and die-back in Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev. in Ghana

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor K. Agyeman ◽  
E. Y. Safo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Soil Groups

ABSTRACTThis investigation examined the hypothesis that nutrient deficiency is related to the die-back of Terminalia ivorensis. The study was conducted on three major soil groups in natural forest and T. ivorensis plantations. Five soil chemical factors, Total nitrogen, organic carbon, effective CEC, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, were positively related to die-back. Foliar nitrogen concentrations in trees suffering from die-back were almost 50% of those of healthy trees. The concentrations of magnesium in the leaves of T. ivorensis experiencing die-back were also low. Conversely, high concentrations of foliar calcium were associated with trees under stress. A highly significant relationship was observed between die-back ranks and leaf size.

The germination of Tmesipteris spores

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1770-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean P. Whittier ◽  
David R. Given
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
Mineral Elements

Spores of Tmesipteris elongata Dang, germinated in axenic culture on a nutrient medium containing mineral elements and 0.2% glucose after 8 months in the dark. No spores germinated in cultures kept in the light. Initiating germination, the monolete laesura (scar) split in the middle. As the laesura ruptured to its ends, the cell bulged out. The first division was perpendicular to the polar axis of the spore and formed distal and proximal cells. At one end of the proximal cell, brown materials accumulated in the wall. Transfer of the two-celled gametophyte to new media did not support further growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Varying Sulfate Concentrations on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of the Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 769C-769
Author(s):  
J. Lopez ◽  
L.E. Parent ◽  
N. Tremblay ◽  
A. Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

In hydroponic recirculating systems, sulfate ions can accumulate to excessive levels and interfere with other nutrient ions. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of four sulfate concentrations on growth and mineral nutrition of greenhouse tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Trust). Tomato seeds were sown in flats and subsequently transplanted into rockwool slabs. Ten days after transplanting, plants were given four sulfate concentrations in nutrient solutions (S0 = 0.1, S1 = 5.2, S2 = 10.4, and S4 = 20.8 mM). The plots were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with four replications. Treatment S0 reduced dry weight of the top portion of the plant. A sulfate shortage in the nutrient solution decreased S concentrations in the leaf and decreased fruit number. Activities and concentrations of major ions in solutions expressed in mM or as row-centered logratios were correlated with corresponding foliar concentrations expressed in grams of nutrient per kilogram of dry matter or as row-centered logratios. Data were presented in this manner in order to explore interactive models describing relationships between mineral composition of both nutrient solutions and plant tissues. High concentrations of sulfate ions in the nutrient solution up to 20.8 mM did not affect tomato growth or yield. Tomato plants appeared prone to sulfate deficiency, but tolerant to sulfate concentrations up to 20.8 mM in the nutrient solution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document