​Soil Suitability for Growing Pulses in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka

Background: A soil suitability evaluation of Kanamadi South sub-watershed in the Northern Dry Zone of India was carried out during April 2019 to define the soil fitness for the production of pigeonpea, chickpea, greengram and cowpea the four major pulses that are widely grown in the area. Methods: A detailed soil survey of Kanamadi South sub-watershed was carried out using IRS P6 LISS-IV image and Vijayapura district toposheet. The soils of Kanamadi south sub watershed were grouped into 19 mapping units based on studied 50 profiles. The studied physical and chemical properties were evaluated using the FAO (1976) framework for land evaluation was followed in the evaluation of soil-site suitability for major crops grown in Kanamadi South sub-watershed. This classification recognized two orders of land suitability, order ‘S’ (suitable) and order ‘N’ (not suitable) which are further subdivided into land suitability classes. Result: The studied 19 mapping units were moderately (S2) to marginally suitable (S3) for pigeonpea and greengram having marginal to severe limitations of rainfall and soil physico-chemical properties and none to slight limitation of land form characteristics. The mapping units were moderately suitable (S2) to marginally suitable (S3) for chickpea and cowpea having moderate to severe limitation of temperature, rainfall, depth and pH and none to slight limitation of land form characteristics. The suitability of the study area for all the pulses were said to be moderately suitable (S2) for growing pulse crop for improving productivity and improving biological nitrogen fixation.

The Geomorphological Factors and Its Implications for The Tidal Energy Installations in Java, Indonesia

This study aims to place the tidal energy installation effectively in Indonesia based on geomorphological factors. The survey method was used to analyze the characteristics of beaches in Indonesia. Mathematical physics model was implemented to find the new formulas based on geomorphological factors. Tides are the result of gravitational attraction and the centrifugal effect, which is the drive In the earth-moon system, tidal generating forces are the resultant forces that cause tides, namely: the earth-moon system (FS) centrifugal force and the moon's gravitational force (FB). FS works in the center of the mass of the earth-moon system whose mass point is located on the 3/4 radius of the earth. The style of tidal generator caused by the moon can be calculated by combining Newton's universal gravitational law .The results of this study consist of F = m ac, where the style of the tidal generator caused by the moon can be calculated by combining newton's universal gravitational law in equation and newton's second law of motion in Equation. The another results is tan = , where the formula takes into account constants (K) based on slopes. The last result is the constants (K) for each land form starting on 0,00 untill 1,00. The north coast of Java is more suitable for tidal energy installations because the land form is dominated by alluvium plains of the quaternary age with a lower risk than the southern region of Java. The effectiveness of tidal energy installation depends on the characteristics of the land form. In alluvial plains, the quaternary age of the alluvial plains is more suitable than the hill form volcanic quaternary, tertiary volcanic, and tertiary holokarst.

Mitigasi Bencana untuk Daerah Rawan Longsor

Natural disasters are natural occurrences that have an impact on the environment, which can be in the form of damage, causing casualties, loss of property, damage to infrastructure and life facilities and infrastructure. Avalancheor often called ground movement is an event geology that happens because of the movement of the masses rock or soil with various types and types such as falling rocks or large lumps of soil. In general, there are two factors that can cause landslides, namely driving factors and triggering factors. Driving factors are factors that influence the condition of the material itself, while trigger factors are factors that cause the movement of the material. However, the main cause is gravity which affects a steep slope, but there are other factors that trigger it. Indonesia is located on the three main plates of the world, namely the Pacific, Australian and Eurasian plates which cause Indonesia to experience frequent disasters. In addition, Indonesia is geomorphologically a country that has a complete land form. Starting from mountains, slopes, savanna, marine or coastal areas. Diverse topography and land use change will be one of the causes of landslides. Various topographical conditions and the many different land functions that occur in Indonesia are one of the factors causing landslides, so knowledge of landslide disaster mitigation in landslide-prone areas is absolutely necessary to realize disaster preparedness, namely to reduce losses and casualties due to disasters. This can be done in three stages, namely before a landslide disaster occurs, during a landslide disaster and after a landslide disaster occurs. Hence, knowledge of landslide disaster mitigation in landslide-prone areas is absolutely necessary to realize disaster preparedness, namely to reduce losses and casualties due to disasters. This can be done in three stages, namely before a landslide disaster occurs, during a landslide disaster and after a landslide disaster occurs. Hence, knowledge of landslide disaster mitigation in landslide-prone areas is absolutely necessary to realize disaster preparedness, namely to reduce losses and casualties due to disasters. This can be done in three stages, namely before a landslide disaster occurs, during a landslide disaster and after a landslide disaster occurs.

Tarım Arazilerinin Değeri Üzerine Etki Eden Faktörlerin Analizi: Ankara İli Evren İlçesi Örneği

In this study, it is aimed to determine the factors affecting the value of agricultural lands and effect rates of these factors on the value. In this context, a questionnaire was conducted with 104 enterprises, which were determined by purposeful sampling method in Evren district of Ankara province, and their opinions about the factors affecting the value of agricultural lands were obtained. The survey data were analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. As a result of the research, factor weights were determined as follows: land productivity 19.63%, land width 9.60%, land form 4.47%, land slope 3.63%, distance to the road 2.57%, distance to the settlement 2.84%, irrigation possibilities of the land 30.38%, mobile sales of the land 3.31%, the land has been cadastral 2.70%, that the land has a facade to the road 2.80% and the soil structure was 18.06%. From the survey results, it was concluded that the factors related to the production capabilities of the agricultural lands are more effective on the value.

Study on the Effect of Mining Activities on Floral Diversity in Western Rajasthan

The mining is a dangerous activity produced by humans for giving indispensable quality and security to their expectation for everyday comforts. The mining in the concerned zones gives crude materials as gravels, crusher and stones etc. for development of roads, railroad lines and other infrastructures. From the most recent couple of years the mining rate has expanded a few times. It brings about the loss of biodiversity of both vegetation and fauna and land form changes of the concerned zone. After the mining activity in any territory is finished, the indication of same lean back for quite a long time and might be until the end of time. It brings about formation of such huge numbers of environmental issues and health risks. During the investigation, effects of mining over plant biodiversity at Chaukri kalan have been assessed. At the investigation site, a sum of 81 diverse plant types of herbs, shrubs and trees were identified. The whole site is viewed as biodiversity rich, which have danger of loss because of mining and its related exercises.

Estimation of Soil Loss at Tehri Dam Catchment in Uttarakhand, India.

<p>The soil erosion is the most serious environmental problem in watershed areas in Bhagirathi River. The main factors affecting the amount of soil erosion include vegetation cover, topography, soil, and climate. In order to describe the areas with high soil erosion risks and to develop adequate erosion prevention measures in the watersheds of dams, erosion risk maps should be generated considering these factors. “Reduction in the capacity and life of Tehri dam Reservoir was became a major concern. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies were used for erosion risk mapping in the catchment area of Bhagirathi River. The principal aim of this paper is to utilize spatial-based soil erosion information to assess land suitability at a watershed level. The model integrated with RS and GIS technologies has great potential for producing accurate and inexpensive erosion risk maps.</p><p>Data on Climate (Total precipitation and its frequency and intensity), Geomorphology (Land form, Physiography, Slope and Drainage Characteristics), Soil characteristics (Texture, structure), Land Use/ Land cover (Density of forest or grassland, plant residue, crops etc.) and Soil management were calculated using standard reported methods (Naqvi et al., 2015). Total 6 parameters were calculated i.e. Slope, Slope length, Soil texture, Drainage density, landuse/landcover and Rainfall erosivity. Weightage of each parameters on the basis of value and classes were assign. At last SYI value were calculated using weightage map, Delivery ratio, area of watershed. The sub-watersheds 10, 11 were identified as being very high risk. Intense rainfall and reservoir area of dam coupled with poor soil structure and steep slopes are the main drivers of soil erosion in this area. Therefore, the proper designing of integrated watershed management and conservation strategies is a crucial element to reduce the current rate of environmental degradation and boost up agricultural production in the sub-watersheds.</p>

Topography and Geomorphological units impact on the Saidsadiq town expansion ,by Using Geographical information System

The main goal of this investigation is to indicate the influnce of Topographic and Geomorphogical Unit on expansion of Saidsadiq town from (1965 to 2019 ) , and analyse the influnce of the slope and landform upon the directive expansion of the town , with signifying the factors of expansion the town towards the directions dependens on the map of expension with satellite images which have been recieved from (NASA-G DEM VERSION) on (USGS) site with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by resolution (30 m) on the reaserch area . finally the investigation concludes a set of conclusions and results including the land form limited and restricted the directions of expansions of the town and The City taken the shape of Star ,expandin most of the towns area on the sediment pedimont due to easiness of building houses and connection services upon it.

Geomorphometric and Terrain Analysis of the Nigerian Section of the Chad Basin (Bornu Basin) Northeastern Nigeria

The aim of this paper is to characterize the geomorphology and analyze the terrain of the Bornu basin. This is critical to the understanding of the general landscape configuration, its evolution and morphodynamics in the basin. Mapping was carried using the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of the area. These set of data compliments the data generated from an extensive and detailed mapping of the area adopting the holistic approach geomorphologic field mapping technique. The basins slope generated from DEM of the area indicated five terrain categories. The western end of the basin has the highest slope of 755 to 1582m denoting the margins of the Biu and Jos plateau which slopes down to the lowest slope category of 256m at the shores of Lake Chad. These slope categories exhibits a variety of land forms ranging from rills, gullies, ponds, rivers, deltas, alluvial plains, ridges, hills and sand dunes of variable sizes, shapes and morphological characteristics. The Bama ridge which rises to height of 363m covering a distance of about 340 Km is a major land form in the basin. These land forms and others identified have been formed and are being fashioned by interplay of fluvial and Aeolian processes whose linkages are found to vary both in spatial and temporal dimensions.