scholarly journals Managing the Nutrition of Plants and People

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. White ◽  
Martin R. Broadley ◽  
Peter J. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Plant Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Definition Of

One definition of food security is having sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs. This paper highlights the role of plant mineral nutrition in food production, delivering of essential mineral elements to the human diet, and preventing harmful mineral elements entering the food chain. To maximise crop production, the gap between actual and potential yield must be addressed. This gap is 15–95% of potential yield, depending on the crop and agricultural system. Current research in plant mineral nutrition aims to develop appropriate agronomy and improved genotypes, for both infertile and productive soils, that allow inorganic and organic fertilisers to be utilised more efficiently. Mineral malnutrition affects two-thirds of the world's population. It can be addressed by the application of fertilisers, soil amelioration, and the development of genotypes that accumulate greater concentrations of mineral elements lacking in human diets in their edible tissues. Excessive concentrations of harmful mineral elements also compromise crop production and human health. To reduce the entry of these elements into the food chain, strict quality requirements for fertilisers might be enforced, agronomic strategies employed to reduce their phytoavailability, and crop genotypes developed that do not accumulate high concentrations of these elements in edible tissues.

The effect of mineral nutrition on apogamy in Pteridium

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-777
Author(s):  
L. L. Treanor ◽  
D. P. Whittier
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Induced Apogamy

The effect of mineral nutrition on apogamy was studied because earlier investigators proposed that low mineral levels induced apogamy. The weight of the gametophytic tissue and the number of apogamous plants per culture and per gram of gametophytic tissue were determined in relation to variations in the levels of mineral elements. The apogamous response was promoted only by high concentrations of phosphorus, and an increase in the gametophytic weight was produced by high levels of potassium. The omission of any of the elements from the nutrient medium inhibited apogamy and, except calcium, reduced the gametophytic weight.

scholarly journals Quality of Organic Vegetables Grown in Two Certified Sites on the Outskirts of Bucharest Municipality

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Mihaela Lungu ◽  
Sorin Liviu Ștefănescu ◽  
Monica Dumitrașcu
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
The One

Abstract Soil fertility properties, irrigation water quality, mineral nutrition, and some vegetables mineral composition were studied in the frame of a project regarding yield quality monitoring in certified organic vegetable farms, in two farms placed on the outskirts of Bucharest Municipality which provide products for the town’s organic market. Chemical analysis of the soil samples collected from the two farms reflects a good fertility, close to the natural one of this region soils, with well-balanced organic matter, total nitrogen, accessible phosphorus and potassium contents. The nitrates contents concord with the plants nutrition demands and don’t present the risk to accumulate in vegetables or to leach into the groundwater. Slightly increased microelements, both total and soluble forms, occur. Soil microbiological properties are favorable for vegetable plants growth. A good biodiversity is noticed. There are differences between soil properties in open field and greenhouses, induced both by the type and degree of mechanical works and materials applied for fertilization and plant protection. Good conditions are generally created for plants mineral nutrition. Mineral nutrition status of the vegetables grown in organic conditions, assessed by the leaves mineral composition, doesn’t differ from the one of the vegetables grown in conventional conditions. The vegetables (fresh material) harvested from the two studied farms have good, even high, concentrations of mineral elements important for the yield nutritional quality. The excessive microelements quantities noticed in soil don’t transfer in the yield, so the latter quality and nutritional properties are not altered.

Plant Mineral Nutrition in Crop Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-72
Author(s):  
Jacques Le Bot ◽  
David J. Pilbeam ◽  
Ernest A. Kirkby
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Mineral Nutrition

scholarly journals Microbiome-based environmental monitoring of a dairy processing facility highlights the challenges associated with low microbial-load samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife J. McHugh ◽  
Min Yap ◽  
Fiona Crispie ◽  
Conor Feehily ◽  
Colin Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Illumina Sequencing ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Sequencing Platforms

AbstractEfficient and accurate identification of microorganisms throughout the food chain can potentially allow the identification of sources of contamination and the timely implementation of control measures. High throughput DNA sequencing represents a potential means through which microbial monitoring can be enhanced. While Illumina sequencing platforms are most typically used, newer portable platforms, such as the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION, offer the potential for rapid analysis of food chain microbiomes. Initial assessment of the ability of rapid MinION-based sequencing to identify microbes within a simple mock metagenomic mixture is performed. Subsequently, we compare the performance of both ONT and Illumina sequencing for environmental monitoring of an active food processing facility. Overall, ONT MinION sequencing provides accurate classification to species level, comparable to Illumina-derived outputs. However, while the MinION-based approach provides a means of easy library preparations and portability, the high concentrations of DNA needed is a limiting factor.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis of the Factors that Affecting Maize Production of Farmers among Smallholders: The Case of Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Murad Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Smallholder Farm

In Ethiopia, maize is the second largest in production areas and first in its productivity but there are high yield gaps between the actual yield currently producing and the potential yield. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify factors that affecting maize production of smallholder farmers at the farm level in the Meta district in the east Hararge zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A two-stage random sampling technique was employed and a total of 200 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multiple linear regression models were used to analysis factors that affect maize production among smallholder farmers. The result showed that the production of maize was influenced by several factors. The coefficient provided that as the farmers obtained 1 dollar from non-farm activity, the maize production of farmers increased by 293.2 kg, keeping other factors constant. Thus, the farmers who had money from non-farm sources used as additional income to gain agricultural inputs for maize production and thus generate more maize quantity. The result was pointed out that the size of the cultivated areas of land had a positive influence on the quantity of maize production of farmers. The coefficient entailed that as the size of the cultivated areas of land increased by one hectare, the farmer’s quantity of maize production increased by 140.4 kg by keeping other factors constant. The result was also indicated that other factors being constant, the maize crop production of smallholder farmers of Meta district was decreased by 4 kg as Development Agent’s (DA’s) office distance increased by one minute. The possible explanation was that extension services were a critical source of information on agronomic practices. Therefore, policy makers should encourage the current maize production and supplying improved seed and chemical fertilizer which support to improve smallholder farm households’ welfare by increasing their sources of income.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF ZEOLITES ON INTENSITY OF THE VITAL PROCESSES OF HYBRID PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Игорь Подковыров ◽  
Igor' Podkovyrov ◽  
Максим Костин ◽  
Maksim Kostin ◽  
Анжелика Долгова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Genetic Constructs ◽  
Technological Methods

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of zeolite on plant life processes for the development of methods to increase their productivity and stability in difficult growing conditions. A tendency to phosphorus of soil was revealed at intensive technology of tomato cultivation in greenhouses. Studies, conducted at two test sites (in the Lower Volga region and the Western Caspian area) showed that as a result of systematic and unbalanced fertilization during the cultivation of greenhouse tomato, the content of mobile phosphorus increases to 302.7 mg/kg. Under conditions of elevated chlorides and sulphates, this worsens the growth of plant, contributes to the development and spread of infectious diseases (verticillosis - 0.23%, fusarium - 0.24%, late blight - 0.19%, tobacco mosaic virus - 0.05%). Studies have shown that tomato hybrids, containing new genetic constructs of resistance to the main fungal diseases and tobacco mosaic virus, do not provide absolute protection of organisms. The spread of diseases in the planting of hybrids is only lower by 5.7-7.8%. The positive effect of zeolite was revealed when appling into the soil at tomato cultivation. The scope of zeolite’s application in plant growing is expanding every year due to the unique properties of this natural mineral. It possesses not only the adsorbing ability, but also contains a complex of trace elements, which is necessary for the mineral nutrition of plants, improves the structure of the soil. However, an impact of zeolites on plant life processes is poorly understood. This direction opens up new opportunities in the development of technological methods for improving the mineral nutrition of hybrid plant forms in crop production. The use of zeolite in the normal 15 kg/m2 of greenhouse soil, the productivity of tomato increases to 12.1-19.3%.

scholarly journals 28-29 December Mineral Elements in the Food Chain

Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 174 (4007) ◽  
pp. 438-438
Author(s):  
M. A. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Mineral Elements
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