Axillary bud traces in certain dicotyledons

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Leaf Trace ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Complete Ring ◽  
The Family ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Primary Vascular System

The ontogenetic development of the axillary bud traces in two species of the family Verbenaceae, Clerodendrum inerme L. and C. splendens Gaertn. and one species of the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium cumini L., is described.Initially the two bud traces differentiate as branches of the leaf trace complex of the subtending leaf. Its further course in the bud may be due to direct differentiation of bud meristem cells as in Syzygium, or by the process of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of certain sectors of the ground meristem intervening between the bud and the leaf trace of the subtending leaf as in Clerodendrum. Consequent to their further differentiation in the bud, the development of the primary vascular meristem of the bud occurs, initially as two arcs, later as an incomplete ring, and finally as a complete ring. It consists of residual meristem and procambium strands. The procambium strands form an anastomosing pattern of primary vascular system of the bud. Their ultimate origin can be traced to the two bud traces.An incorrect histogenic picture of the developing primary vascular system of a growing bud is obtained if one considers the vascular configurations of an arc or a complete or incomplete ring as bud traces. This histogenic development is a result of morphogenic interaction between the apical meristem of the bud and acropetally developing procambium strands of the bud trace. The vascular structures described as arcs, horseshoe-shaped, or ring are the phasic histogenic expressions of the gradual differentiation of the primary vascular system of the bud.

Anatomical and morphological studies in the Chenopodiaceae. III. The primary vascular system and nodal anatomy

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Bisalputra
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Nodal Anatomy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary Vascular System

A study of the primary vascular system and nodal anatomy of 32 species of the family Chenopodiaoeae is reported. The results of other workers are integrated and hypotheses regarding probable trends in the evolution of the vascular system are advanced. Basically, the family has a unilacunar node, and the structure of the primary vascular system is classified into three types by reference to the number of leaf traces at a node and their relationships with each other or with cauline bundles within the axis. The Kochia-Bassia type, which is characteristic of Kochia, Bassia, Malacocera, Threllceldia, Babbagia, Enchylaena, Suaeda, and Salsola, is the most primitive and these genera are considered to be closely related. The specialized articulated group, which includes Salicornia and Arthrocnemum, and the third group, the Rhagodia-Atriplex, are more advanced. The relationship between genera within each of these groups is discussed with reference to the vascular anatomy and other morphological features.

Primary vascular patterns in root meristems of Pontederia cordata and their relevance to studies of root development

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1351-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Vascular Pattern ◽  
Quiescent Centre ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Pontederia Cordata ◽  
Distribution Of Components ◽  
Root Apices

There are several files of metaxylem cells in root apices of Pontederia cordata L., each considered to consist of a series of prospective vessels with their ends in contact. Two longitudinally adjacent vessels may be in the same file of cells produced by the root apex or in adjacent files. As the root grows, successive prospective vessels are added to the apical ends of most of the files but not all files are continued. Addition of prospective vessels appears to take place within the "quiescent centre" of the root apical meristem. Where files are not continued there is no immediate readjustment of remaining files. The longitudinal and transverse distribution of components of the vascular system (including protophloem and protoxylem) is discussed in relation to the means by which the pattern of development may be controlled. Rates of production of vessels and the final lengths of the vessels are estimated. The observations and deductions are discussed in relation to other studies of root growth, vascular differentiation, and vascular pattern formation and maintenance.

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Spartina

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Redondo-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Metal Chelation ◽  
Metal Bioaccumulation ◽  
Spartina Densiflora ◽  
North West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation

The Spartina Schreb. genus is composed of C4 perennial grasses in the family Poaceae. They are native to the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean in western and southern Europe, north-west and southern Africa, the Americas and the southern Atlantic Ocean islands. Most species are salt tolerant and colonise coastal or inland saltmarshes. The available literature on heavy metal bioaccumulation by Spartina sp. was compiled and compared. Spartina alterniflora Loisel. and Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald were the most commonly researched species of the genus, whereas many species were not represented at all. In contrast, Cu and Zn are the most intensively researched heavy metals. The few studies dealing with the physiological impacts of heavy metals or the mechanisms of metal accumulation, which involve extracellular and intracellular metal chelation, precipitation, compartmentalisation and translocation in the vascular system, were documented. Bioaccumulation of metals in roots and tillers of some species of the Spartina genus (e.g. S. maritima and Spartina densiflora Brongn.) has been described as a feasible method for remediating waters and soils contaminated with heavy metals. One such example is Spartina argentinensis Parodi, which has been found to be a Cr-hyperaccumulator; it can concentrate chromium in its tissues to levels far exceeding those present in the soil.

Comparative chemotaxonomic investigations on amaranthus hybridus l. and Amaranthus spinosus L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
C. Wahua ◽  
J. Nwikiri
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Spinosus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Key Words Morphology

The present study is set to investigate the comparative chemotaxonomic investigations on Amaranthus hybridus L. and Amaranthus spinosus L. which belong to the family Amaranthaceae. They are dicots pre-dominantly found in the Niger Delta Tropics, Nigeria. The species are annual erect herbs with flower inflorescences as elongated spikes which are mostly paniculate occurring at ends of branches in globose fashion in axils of leaves.The nodes often have pair of axillary spines. Flowers are small, greenish with male ones at the top while the female ones below the clusters and stem is greenish but often reddish with one-seeded capsule as fruit in Amaranthus spinosus which attains up to 80 ± 20cm in height whereas A. hybridus differ in absence of a pair of axillary spines, the stems are greenish or slightly pinkish which grows up to 100 ± 10cm in height. A. hybridus is more of a vegetable and has alternate phyllotaxi and narrow cuneate base. Fruits from both species are circumscissile capsules and their inflorescences are terminal racemes positioned at their axils with female perianth segments of five. Epidermal studies revealed amphistomatic stomata which is anisocytic  type for both species. The stomatal index for A. spinosus adaxial foliar epidermis is 20% and the abaxial 20% whereas for A. hybridus adaxial is 20% and abaxial foliar stomatal index of 20%. Anatomical studies revealed open vascular system, collenchyma dominating the hypodermis while parenchyma occupied the general cortex and pith regions. A. hybridus has more vascular bundles and trichomes, and wider pith than A. spinosus. Phytochemical studies showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids are present in A. spinosus while alkaloids were absent only in A. hybridus. This may be the reason why A. spinosus is used more in tradomedicine than A.hybridus which served more as vegetable. Key Words: Morphology, Anatomy, Phytochemistry, Amaranthus, Amaranthaceae

scholarly journals Ontogenetic Changes in Auxin Biosynthesis and Distribution Determine the Organogenic Activity of the Shoot Apical Meristem in pin1 Mutants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Banasiak ◽  
Magdalena Biedroń ◽  
Alicja Dolzblasz ◽  
Mateusz Adam Berezowski
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Auxin Distribution ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Knockout Mutation

In the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of Arabidopsis, PIN1-dependent polar auxin transport (PAT) regulates two crucial developmental processes: organogenesis and vascular system formation. However, the knockout mutation in the PIN1 gene does not fully inhibit these two processes. Therefore, we investigated a potential source of auxin for organogenesis and vascularization during inflorescence stem development. We analyzed auxin distribution in wild-type (WT) and pin1 mutant plants using a refined protocol of auxin immunolocalization; auxin activity, with the response reporter pDR5:GFP; and expression of auxin biosynthesis genes YUC1 and YUC4. Our results revealed that regardless of the functionality of PIN1-mediated PAT, auxin is present in the SAM and vascular strands. In WT plants, auxin always accumulates in all cells of the SAM, whereas in pin1 mutants, its localization within the SAM changes ontogenetically and is related to changes in the structure of the vascular system, organogenic activity of SAM, and expression levels of YUC1 and YUC4 genes. Our findings indicate that the presence of auxin in the meristem of pin1 mutants is an outcome of at least two PIN1-independent mechanisms: acropetal auxin transport from differentiated tissues with the use of vascular strands and auxin biosynthesis within the SAM.

Stelar morphology and the primary vascular system of seed plants

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Beck ◽  
Rudolf Schmid ◽  
Gar W. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Stelar Morphology ◽  
Primary Vascular System

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONING OF FAMILY HEALTH CENTER IN SAMARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav V. Suchkov ◽  
I. Yu. Budarina ◽  
K. A. Ugnich ◽  
E. A. Semaeva
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Group I ◽  
Health Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
Cardio Vascular

The article presents the results of analysis of functioning of the family health center in Samara during 2014-2016. During analyzed period, number of visits of adults and adults with children increased up to 23.33% and 17.13% correspondingly. In 2016, in overall 6429 examinations had been applied, including 5088 examinations of children younger than 17 years, 1341 examinations of adults. During three-year period, increasing of number of cared children aged 6-14 years with detected risk factors and with prevailing of functional deviations in cardio-vascular system was observed. The decreasing of function of external breath and risk of development of stomatological diseases were observed too. The activities of personnel of the family health center in the first place is targeted to early diagnostic of detected disorders of health and appointment of consultations of medical specialists. Te personnel, in case of necessity, presents recommendations concerning life-style changing. Also, the plan of activities of the family health center includes a progressive increasing of number of children from health group I with possible transfer of children from health group II to health group I after implementation of individual plans of healthy life-style management.

scholarly journals Structural Integrity of Vascular System in Branching Units of Coniferous Shoot

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Banasiak ◽  
Beata Zagórska-Marek
Keyword(s):  
Biological System ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Phyllotactic Pattern ◽  
One Step ◽  
Resin Canals

In conifers with spiral phyllotaxis, two numbers: one of the vascular sympodia and the second of cortical resin canals, define the shoot anatomic diameter. This in turn reflects the size and vigor of the apical meristem. Both numbers belong to the mathematical series, associated with the shoot phyllotactic pattern. The number of canals is one step lower in a series than the number of sympodia. The first one, easier to determine, automatically defines the second. Using this protocol and screening the large number of branching shoots of selected conifers, we have discovered strong correlation between orientation of vascular sympodia in the lateral and supporting branches. There was no such correlation with regard to the chiral configurations of phyllotaxis. This finding reveals the presence of special phyllotactic compensation in the case of differences in anatomic diameter of the parental and lateral shoot under the imperative of maintaining the sympodia orientation within one branching unit. Phyllotaxis of the axillary apex is evidently not established at random but adapted to the condition of the subtending axis. The monopodial, regularly branching shoot of conifers is an attractive example of biological system, which is not a sum of independent, iteratively formed units. Rather, it appears to be an entity organized on hierarchically higher level, which emerges from coordination of developmental processes in a population of the units.

scholarly journals Analysis of the volatile oils from three species of the gender Syzygium

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e13510716375
Author(s):  
Amanda Silva Reis ◽  
Liliane de Sousa Silva ◽  
Christiane França Martins ◽  
José Realino de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Syzygium Jambos ◽  
The Family

The species Syzygium cumini, Syzygium malaccense and Syzygium jambos, belong to the family Myrtaceae and are popularly known, respectively, by jambolan, red jambo and yellow jambo. These species are used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus, asthma, bronchitis, diuresis, gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, properties antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and several other uses. The objective of this work is to identify and quantify the volatile compounds in the leaves of S. cumini, S. malaccense and S. jambos. The volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was possible to identify 44 compounds present in the volatile oils of the leaves, being 20 compounds of S. cumini, 9 compounds of S. malaccense and 15 compounds of S. jambos. The major compounds present in the species S. cumini were α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene and α-humulene; for the species S. malaccense were aristolochene, γ-himachalene and δ-amorphene; and for S. jambos species were β-cariophyllene, (E,E)-α-farnesene and cariophyllene alcohol. The species S. cumini, S. malaccense and S. jambos showed considerable differences in terms of volatile compounds, it is important to know their constituents in order to promote further studies focused on their medicinal potential.

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