Anatomical and morphological studies in the Chenopodiaceae. III. The primary vascular system and nodal anatomy

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Bisalputra

A study of the primary vascular system and nodal anatomy of 32 species of the family Chenopodiaoeae is reported. The results of other workers are integrated and hypotheses regarding probable trends in the evolution of the vascular system are advanced. Basically, the family has a unilacunar node, and the structure of the primary vascular system is classified into three types by reference to the number of leaf traces at a node and their relationships with each other or with cauline bundles within the axis. The Kochia-Bassia type, which is characteristic of Kochia, Bassia, Malacocera, Threllceldia, Babbagia, Enchylaena, Suaeda, and Salsola, is the most primitive and these genera are considered to be closely related. The specialized articulated group, which includes Salicornia and Arthrocnemum, and the third group, the Rhagodia-Atriplex, are more advanced. The relationship between genera within each of these groups is discussed with reference to the vascular anatomy and other morphological features.

Author(s):  
Olga Perazzolo ◽  
Siloe Pereira ◽  
Marcia María Cappellano dos Santos

Abstract:VIOLENCE AGAINST THE ELDERLY: THE THIRD PART AS A PSYCHIC REGULATORThe paper proposes reflections on the idea that the ingress of a third part in the relationship marked by violence, especially against the elderly, contributes to alter the dysfunctional model and to stabilize the guiding moral behaviors boundaries. It is not to consider that the aggressor hesitates in front of a third part to avoid the social disapproval or the punishment, but it is to observe that the psyche loosens the bounds with the social conventions in the absence of an element which sustains the constitutive triangulation of the moral space especially in stressful situations. The theoretical readings related to the proposition are made from the psychoanalysis contributions mainly in which it refers to the updating of the paternal role; the systemic model, particularly due the changes that occur in the system when there are alterations in its composition; and the social learning regarding the exposure to models to be adopted as source of vicarious schooling. It still proposes reflections over the aging context in the contemporary society, considering the increase on the number of elderly people, the demands of work which take to the deflation of the inner space in the family and thelongevity as a collective reality that the mankind is not aware of and which requires to be signified, invented and appraised.Keywords: Violence. Elderly. Family. Society.Resumo:O trabalho propõe reflexões sobre a ideia de que o ingresso de um terceiro na relação marcada pela violência, em especial contra o idoso, contribui para alterar o modelo disfuncional, estabilizar os marcos morais norteadores do comportamento. Não se trata de considerar que o agressor contenha-se frente a um terceiro para evitar o rechaço social ou a punição, mas de observar que o psiquismo afrouxa os laços com as regras sociais na ausência de um elemento que sustente a triangulação constitutiva do espaço moral, especialmente, em situações de estresse. As leituras teóricas acerca da proposição são feiras a partir de contributos da psicanálise, sobretudo no que se refere à atualização da função paterna; do modelo sistêmico, particularmente no que tange à mudança do sistema quando de alterações em sua composição; e da aprendizagem social, relativamente à exposição à modelos a serem adotados como fonte de aprendizagem vicária. Propõe, ainda, reflexões sobre o contexto do envelhecimento na sociedade contemporânea, considerando o aumento do numero de pessoas idosas, as demandas de trabalho, esvaziando o interior do espaço familiar, e a longevidade como realidade coletiva que a humanidade não conhece e que precisa ser significada, inventada, valorada.Palavras-chave: Violência. Idoso. Família. Sociedade


1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Charlton ◽  
A. Ahmed

The flower of Ranalisma humile is comparable in morphology to those of other alismads. The vascular anatomy is noteworthy. Flowers of R. humile are provided with a major (central) vascular system supplying androecial and gynoecial vasculature and a variable amount of the sepal and petal vasculature, and a minor (peripheral) system which supplies the rest of the perianth vasculature. There is very little anastomosis between the two systems. It is suggested that the variability of perianth vascular supply reflects variability in timing of differentiation events. The occurrence of an almost independent peripheral vascular system is probably of significance in a consideration of the relationship of Ranalisma humile to other alismads.


2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jagatheeswari

In the present study, the morphological features of 20 taxa of the family Solanaceae were studied. The Solanaceae, or nightshades, are an economically important family of flowering plants. The family ranges from herbs to trees, and includes a number of important agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but many cultures eat nightshades, in some cases as staple foods. The present observation shows that majority of Solanaceae members almost the same morphological features that of the family.


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Venturini

The book aims to study the relationship between the contractual instrument and succession law, in order to identify the categories into which the general device of the succession contract currently seems to be divided. The book starts from an analysis of the 'bans' on succession settlements as per art. 458 of the Italian Civil Code, before going on to examine the categories of 'alternative instruments to wills' and 'exceptionally admitted mortis causa deeds (other than wills)' (that is, the first two forms taken on by the wide-ranging genus of contracts for the purpose of succession). Then it deals with the institution of the 'family settlement' (articles 768-bis of the Italian Civil Code), a device which can be traced back to the phenomenon of 'anticipated succession' (constituting the 'third form' of contracts for the purpose of succession). Having clarified the regulations as well as giving a systematic outline of the institution, the analysis then concentrates on the relationship between the aforesaid contract and the sphere of 'necessary succession'. The concluding part of the book contains an outline of a set of applicative models for the category of anticipated succession; additional innovative models distinct from the current formulation in articles 768-bis et seq. of the Italian Civil Code, which therefore enable the interpreter to make out, from a de jure condendo perspective, the possible lines of development both of contracts for the purpose of succession and for necessary succession.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-627
Author(s):  
O. S. Fishchuk

The structure of Agapanthus africanus and A. praecox flowers was studied on permanent cross-sectional and longitudinal sections using a light microscope. The genus Agapanthus belongs to the subfamily Agapanthoideae, the family Amaryllidaceae, which is characterized by the presence of the upper ovary, septal nectaries and fruit – fleshy capsule. Micromorphological studies of the flower are considered as a way for detection of unknown plant features, adjustment of plants to specialized ways of pollination and determining the first stages of morphogenesis of fruit, and further use these features in taxonomy. 10 flowers of A. africanus and A. praecox were sectioned using standard methods of Paraplast embedding and serial sectioning at 20 micron thickness. Sections were stained with Safranin and Astra Blau and mounted in Eukitt. It was found that in the studied species the tepals have single-bundle traces. The vascular system of the superior ovary consists of a three bundle dorsal vein, of the ventral roots complex, which are reorganized into paired ventral bundles of the carpel, which form traces to ovules. For the first time, the following gynoecium zones were detected in A. africanus: a synascidiate structural zone with a height of about 560 μm and a fertile symplicate structural zone with a height of about 380 μm and a hemisymplicate zone of 2580 μm. In A. praecox gynoecium, there is a synascidiate structural zone with a height of 200 μm and a symplicate structural zone of 600 μm and a hemisymplicate zone of 620 μm. Septal nectaries appear in the hemisymplicate zone and open with nectar fissures at the base of the column, with a total septal nectar height of 2880 μm in A. africanus and 820 μm in A. praecox. The ovary roof is 300 µm in A. africanus and 200 µm in A. praecox. Triple dorsal bundles of carpels in A. africanus have been identified, which could be considered as adaptation of different stages of morphogenesis of fruit to dehiscence. The new data obtained by the vascular anatomy of the flower and the presence of different ovary zones significantly add to the information about anatomical and morphological features of the studied species, which can be further used in the taxonomy of the family Amaryllidaceae.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-106
Author(s):  
Paul Cammack

Abstract Marx is generally reckoned to have had too little to say about what has come to be defined as ‘social reproduction’, largely as a consequence of too narrow a focus on industrial production, and a relative disregard for issues of gender. This paper argues in contrast that the approach he developed with Engels and in Capital, Volume 1, provides a powerful framework for its analysis. After an introductory discussion of recent literature on social reproduction the second section sets out Marx’s approach to the ‘production of life, both of one’s own in labour and of fresh life in procreation’. The third addresses his account of reproduction in Capital, Volume 1, Chapter 23. The fourth and fifth compare the relationship of the family to industry and exchange as depicted in Capital and in the present day respectively. The conclusion suggests some implications for theories of social reproduction.


2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-67
Author(s):  
Christian Thodberg

Grundtvigs krise i foråret 1844: Forholdet mellem prædiken og salme med henblik pa “Sov sodt barnlille ”[Grundtvig’s crisis in Spring 1844: The Relationship between sermon and hymn with reference to “Sov sodt barnlille ” ( “Sleep sweet, my baby) ”]By Chr. ThodbergIn Spring 1844 Gr was struck down by depression associated with an attack of mumps [parotitis epidemica] which in its final phase developed into inflammation of the brain. His handwriting became small and frail. In the period towards Easter, a number of his sermons were taken on in turn by friends and followers, and the illness reached its peak in the weeks following Easter, and elicited an unreasonable criticism from Bishop J. P. Mynster, who accused Gr of dereliction of duty because he had difficulty in keeping up with his services. Gr’s debilitation culminates in a deep spiritual crisis on the Third Sunday after Easter. The words of Jesus, that in “a little while” he will leave the disciples and in “a little while” will see them again (John 16,16) Gr made into his own words: he was going to die and was now being laid in the bosom of God and the congregation and he would first meet again in God’s kingdom. And three days later he took his leave of the congregation in the form of a sermon in which he summed up his Christian endeavours as his last word and testament. On 3 May he set off with the family on a convalescence-visit to various clerical friends, and during this period almost the whole of “Sov sødt, barnlille” was written, verse by verse, in a fascinating process. His sermon of the Third Sunday after Easter had already set the tone and reinforced a particular context in the baptismal ritual which Gr used, namely the transition from the Gospel-reading concerning Jesus and the little children (Mark 10,13-16) and its conclusion (“And he took them up in his arms, put [his] hands upon them, and blessed them”) on the one side, and, on the other side, the priest’s laying on of hands with the Lord’s Prayer - in combination, an expression of consolation in the midst of assailing doubt and fear of death. Within the same period of time, the hymn became known to Gr’s followers and was construed and taken to heart as the most popular of evening hymns.


1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Shah

The ontogenetic development of the axillary bud traces in two species of the family Verbenaceae, Clerodendrum inerme L. and C. splendens Gaertn. and one species of the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium cumini L., is described.Initially the two bud traces differentiate as branches of the leaf trace complex of the subtending leaf. Its further course in the bud may be due to direct differentiation of bud meristem cells as in Syzygium, or by the process of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of certain sectors of the ground meristem intervening between the bud and the leaf trace of the subtending leaf as in Clerodendrum. Consequent to their further differentiation in the bud, the development of the primary vascular meristem of the bud occurs, initially as two arcs, later as an incomplete ring, and finally as a complete ring. It consists of residual meristem and procambium strands. The procambium strands form an anastomosing pattern of primary vascular system of the bud. Their ultimate origin can be traced to the two bud traces.An incorrect histogenic picture of the developing primary vascular system of a growing bud is obtained if one considers the vascular configurations of an arc or a complete or incomplete ring as bud traces. This histogenic development is a result of morphogenic interaction between the apical meristem of the bud and acropetally developing procambium strands of the bud trace. The vascular structures described as arcs, horseshoe-shaped, or ring are the phasic histogenic expressions of the gradual differentiation of the primary vascular system of the bud.


1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2101-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Dobbins

The development of the vascular pattern was studied in Doxantha unguis-cati as a prelude to correlating the vascular system to the anomalous cambial activity observed in the mature stem. The shoot apex of this liana has a two-layered mantle covering a corpus of a mother cell zone and a flanking meristem. Just below the shoot apex a cylinder of procambium differentiates. The first primary phloem can be recognized in the third internode and the first primary xylem in the fourth or fifth internodes. As the internodes elongate so do the procambial cells. The cells of the pith, on the other hand, are shorter than the procambial cells and accommodate to the extensive internode elongation by cell division. The vascular system of the young shoot includes not only bundles, but also individual strands of phloem. The stem has multilacunar nodes from which five bundles and two phloem strands depart into each of the oppositely paired leaves. Within the stem there are four continuous bundles to which all other bundles connect. The location of these four bundles corresponds to the formation of the characteristic anomalous cambium observed in the secondary growth of the older stem. The relationship between the vascular pattern of D. unguis-cati to other vascular patterns is also discussed.


1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2432-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce K. Kirchoff ◽  
Abraham Fahn

Phytolacca dioica has a primary vascular system which includes medullary bundles. The primary structure of these bundles is composite, consisting of two to four collateral vascular strands with their phloem poles oriented toward a common center. A cambium is formed between the xylem and phloem of the strands and extends to enclose the phloem of the whole bundle. After a period of cambial activity the medullary bundles become amphivasal. As is typical of species with helical phyllotaxy, the primary vascular system is organized into sympodia. The medullary bundles form the distal portions of the median leaf traces and continue in a medullary position for the number of nodes equal to the denominator of the phyllotactic fraction characterizing a given stem. As a medullary bundle passes out into a leaf, two or three vascular strands pass inward from the vascular cylinder to form a new medullary bundle. The number of medullary bundles in a stem is, thus, maintained. Variations of this pattern occur in the basal regions of juvenile shoots and in the basal and apical regions of adult flowering shoots. The relationship between leaf arrangement and the passing of vascular strand into the pith is discussed and a new classification of vascular systems with medullary bundles is proposed.


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