RESISTANCE TO CLADOSPORIUM FULVUM CKE. OBTAINED FROM WILD SPECIES OF TOMATO

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1541-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Kerr ◽  
D. L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genetic Bases

In the last 20 years several varieties and breeding lines of tomato have been developed which possess immunity from C. fulvum races 1 to 9. Vagabond, Vinequeen, and V548 obtained their immunity from L. hirsutum Humb. and Bonpl.; V501 from L. hirsutum var. glabralum Muller; V542, Vantage, Waltham Mold Proof Forcing No. 22, etc. from L. peruvianum (L.) Mill.; and V545 from L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill. Studies are reported herein on the genetic bases of resistance in these varieties.Single genes for immunity from C. fulvum race 6 were isolated in these varieties and breeding lines. Crosses between the varieties indicated that the immunity from all of these sources is conditioned by the same gene or by genes that are very closely linked. Differential races must be found before this point can be determined with certainty. The gene from L. hirsutum which confers immunity to race 6 in Vinequeen is designated as Cf4. Cf4 has been shown to be located on chromosome 1, probably near Cf1.L. hirsutum, L. pimpinellifolium, and L. esculentum var. cerasiforme Mill. among them have several other genes conferring a lower level of resistance to race 6.

Flavor Profiles of Wild Species-Derived Peanut Breeding Lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Tallury ◽  
H. E. Pattee ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Important Quality

Abstract Several diploid wild species of the genus Arachis L. have been used as sources of resistance to common diseases of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Because flavor is among the most important quality attributes for commercial acceptance of roasted peanuts, sensory attributes of interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines were evaluated to determine if transfer of disease resistance from wild species is associated with concomitant changes in flavor. Sixteen interspecific hybrid derivatives with five diploid species in their ancestries and the commercial flavor standard, NC 7 were evaluated for sensory quality. Significant variation among entries was found for the roasted peanut, sweet, and bitter sensory attributes, but not for the overall contrast between NC 7 and the wild species-derived breeding lines. The variation was either between two groups of wild species-derived breeding lines or within one or both groups. Introduction of disease and pest resistance traits from Arachis species did not result in degradation or improvement of the flavor profile. This suggests that flavor of wild species-derived germplasm will not prevent its use either as parents in peanut breeding programs or as cultivars.

Overcoming crossing barriers between nontuber-bearing and tuber-bearing Solanum species: towards potato germplasm enhancement with a broad spectrum of solanaceous genetic resources

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Watanabe ◽  
M. Orrillo ◽  
S. Vega ◽  
J. P. T. Valkonen ◽  
E. Pehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Germplasm Enhancement ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Potato Germplasm

The first direct sexual hybrids between diploid nontuber-bearing species and diploid potato breeding lines are reported here. Three nontuberous species of Solanum, S. brevidens, S. etuberosum, and S. fernandezianum, were used for sexual crosses, achieved by a combination of rescue pollinations and embryo rescue. Initial hybrid selection was made using an embryo spot marker, followed by the evaluation of morphological and reproductive traits. Putative hybrids were first tested for resistance to potato leaf roll virus derived from the wild species, and then were tested with molecular markers using species-specific DNA probes. Finally, the tuberization of several 2x hybrids was tested for actual potato germplasm enhancement. These hybrids are unique in terms of their potential to enhance recombination between chromosomes of wild species and those of cultivated potatoes in germplasm utilization, and to exploit the genetic nature of tuber formation. The finding that nontuber-bearing Solanum spp. can be directly crossed with tuber-bearing species also has important implications for the regulatory aspects of the use of genetically modified organisms.Key words: nontuber-bearing Solanum, potato germplasm enhancement, interspecific crosses, chromosome manipulation, inter-EBN crosses, diploid.

INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD, SHORT-DAY VERNALIZATION, AND COLD VERNALIZATION ON DAYS TO HEADING IN AVENA SPECIES AND CULTIVARS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. SAMPSON ◽  
V. D. BURROWS
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Oat Breeding

Exposure of 19 accessions belonging to nine species of Avena to constant daily photoperiods of 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 hr showed that heading was promoted by the longer photoperiods, except in A. abyssinica, which headed first on 15-hr days. Some accessions headed sooner in 9-hr than in 12-hr photoperiods. An interrupted night treatment suggested that photoperiodic control of heading date is exercised by the length of the dark period. A second experiment demonstrated a short-day vernalization response in two of the six accessions initially grown in 9-hr days and later in 12-hr days. In a third experiment (19 entries) cold vernalization (7.2 C for 39 days) strongly promoted heading in seven wild species from the Mediterranean region and in A. abyssinica and the winter oat Landhafer (from 21 to 60 days earlier in 18-hr days). Weaker but significant (P <.05) responses were evident in A. strigosa and three of the remaining nine cultivated hexaploids. The responses to cold vernalization were greater in plants growing in 12- and 18-hr days than in 9-hr days. For the three experiments, regression analysis of days to heading on hours of photoperiod showed that A. byzantina C.W. 544, A. sativa Rapida, A. abyssinica, A. vaviloviana, and A. barbata were the least sensitive to differences in photoperiod (1–3 days earlier per hour longer). Avena strigosa and related diploid wild species showed intermediate sensitivity. Northern spring oat cultivars and Ottawa breeding lines were very sensitive (6–10 days earlier per hour longer). The implications that these findings have for oat breeding are discussed.

scholarly journals Use of Wild Arachis Species/Introgression of Genes into A. hypogaea L.

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Direct Dna Delivery ◽  
No Releases

Abstract The use of wild Arachis L. in cultivar improvement programs has been considered an option for more than 50 yr. Both A. Krapovickas and W.C. Gregory, independently, made interspecific hybridizations in the 1940s. However, only three cultivars have been released as a result of interspecific hybridizations, and only one of those has a clearly identifiable genetic component from the wild species. Several breeding lines have been reported and several germplasm releases are documented from Texas, North Carolina, and ICRISAT. At least four potential options exist for transferring genes from wild Arachis to the cultigen: a) The hexaploid pathway consists of crossing a diploid wild species directly with A. hypogaea, doubling the chromosome number to the hexaploid level, then backcrossing for several generations to restore the tetraploid condition. Several options are possible in this pathway involving various crossing schemes prior to crossing a diploid hybrid with A. hypogaea. North Carolina and ICRISAT have had success with this pathway. b) The diploid/tetraploid pathway has been the most successful in Texas to date. This pathway involves crossing diploid species (two to several), doubling the chromosome number of the hybrid, then crossing to A. hypogaea and backcrossing with selection for the desired character. This pathway is most successful when both A-and B-genome species are involved. Germplasm lines and a cultivar have been released in Texas using this pathway. c) Another diploid/tetraploid pathway could be to double chromosome numbers of diploid species and cross the amphiploids directly with A. hypogaea. Several attempts have been made with this technique, but no germplasm releases have been reported, in large part because sterility is too great when both A and B genomes are not included in the hybrid. Many of the sections/species of wild Arachis are so greatly isolated from A. hypogaea that plant transformation will be the likely method to introduce genes into the cultigen. d) Molecular methods of “inserting” genes into peanut that have been modestly successful and include use of Agrobacterium spp., electroporation, and direct DNA delivery techniques such as the gene gun, whiskers, and sonication. No releases have resulted.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Molecular Evaluation of Interspecific Peanut (Arachis) Lines

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Anderson ◽  
G. Kochert ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Disease ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Peanut breeders are constantly in search of new sources of genes that confer tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses to improve the production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate peanut lines generated from interspecific crosses for amounts of wild species introgression, including genes for resistance to peanut root-knot nematodes, tomato spotted wilt virus and leaf spot diseases. Nine diploid Arachis species were crossed with peanut breeding lines and 130 different interspecific hybrid lines were developed. These lines were evaluated for the amount of introgression using RFLP analyses, plant morphology, and disease resistant phenotypes. Based on RFLPs, 41 lines showed measurable introgression and 12 hexaploid-derived lines were polymorphic for at least four probes. Greenhouse and field evaluations indicated that resistance was not present in the lines tested for tomato spotted wilt virus, early leaf spot, or Cylindrocladium black rot. However, resistance approaching that of the wild species was found for the peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) among lines derived from crosses with Arachis diogoi, A. correntina, A. batizocoi, and A. cardenasii. Introgression lines were resistant (disease ratings of 1.5 to 4.5 and lesion numbers 8 to 63) compared to Southern Runner (ratings of 5.5 to 6 and lesion numbers of nearly 500) for late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personation) in field evaluations performed in Gainesville, FL over 2 yr. The greatest resistance was found among lines from crosses with A. batizocoi, A. duranensis, A. stenosperma, A. magma, and A. diogoi. Results indicate that it should be possible to identify molecular markers to tag resistance genes for use in conventional breeding programs and stack these genes in highly productive peanut cultivars.

The Solanum pimpinellifolium Cf-ECP1 and Cf-ECP4 genes for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum are located at the Milky Way locus on the short arm of chromosome 1

2007 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Soumpourou ◽  
Michael Iakovidis ◽  
Laetitia Chartrain ◽  
Verity Lyall ◽  
Colwyn M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Milky Way ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Solanum Pimpinellifolium

scholarly journals Hybridization of cultivated lentil Lens culinaris Medik. and wild species Lens tomentosus Ladizinsky

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Suvorova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Ovule Culture ◽  
Interspecific Incompatibility ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Rescue Technique ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Regular Selection

Cultivated lentil L. culinaris was crossed to the wild species L. tomentosus ILWL90 and ILWL120. An ovule rescue technique was used to overcome interspecific incompatibility. Out of 296 hybrid ovules being planted in vitro 27 explants began to grow and three hybrids were recovered. A hybrid between L. culinaris and L. tomentosus accession ILWL90 was obtained by means of ovule recovery only. F<sub>1</sub> plant and next generations of the hybrid were either sterile or partly fertile. Hybridization with L. tomentosus accession ILWL120 was achieved by ovule culture as well as in a usual way i.e. without ovule culture. Seed progenies of these hybrids were fertile in both cases. Breeding lines recombinant in flower, seed coat and cotyledon coloring were developed as a result of multiple regular selection for highly productive plants in F<sub>2</sub>&ndash;F<sub>7</sub> (L. culinaris &times; L. tomentosus ILWL120).

Mapping strategy for resistance genes against Cladosporium fulvum on the short arm of Chromosome 1 of tomato: Cf-ECP5 near the Hcr9 Milky Way cluster

2000 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. W. Haanstra ◽  
F. Meijer-Dekens ◽  
R. Laugé ◽  
D. C. Seetanah ◽  
M. H. A. J. Joosten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Mapping Strategy
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