THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE LOCATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DECAY FUNGI IN LODGEPOLE PINE LOGGING SLASH

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1545-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Loman
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Temperature Optima

In an investigation to determine the fungal flora of lodgepole pine logging slash and the growth rates and decaying abilities of the principal fungi in vitro as contrasted with conditions in nature, four hymenomycetes were isolated consistently and proved to cause most of the decay; Lenzites saepiaria Wulf. ex Fr., Peniophora phlebioides Jacks. and Dearden, Stereum sanguinolentum Alb. and Schw. ex Fr., and Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fr.) Karst. These four fungi comprised 80% of the basidiomycetes isolated from slash. Peniophora phlebioides predominated in the upper portions of individual pieces of slash, Lenzites saepiaria in the center, and Coniophora puteana and Stereum sanguinolentum in the lower portions. Relatively broad temperature ranges and high temperature optima were demonstrated for P. phlebioides and L. saepiaria to grow and cause decay, in contrast with the narrower temperature ranges and lower optimal temperatures demonstrated for C. puteana and S. sanguinolentum. The internal temperatures of slash were proved to fluctuate between wider extremes in the upper portions of slash than in the lower portions. This is believed to be a partial explanation of the characteristic distributions of individual fungi within slash. The relative decaying abilities of the four main fungi as indicated by wood block tests, in decreasing order of importance were: L. saepiaria, C. puteana, P. phlebioides, S. sanguinolentum. Because of its greater frequency, however, P. phlebioides probably ranks higher in the scale of slash decayers than C. puteana.

scholarly journals DECAY OF LODGEPOLE PINE IN TWO FOOTHILLS SECTIONS OF THE BOREAL FOREST IN ALBERTA

1963 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Loman ◽  
G. D. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Considerable Loss

Cull in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) is highly variable in the B19a and B19c Sections of the Boreal Forest in Alberta, depending upon whether the wood is used for pulp or sawed products. Sixty-nine per cent of 2,436 sample trees were suspected of containing volumes of red heartwood stain and advanced decay on the basis of the presence of external defects. Fifty-three per cent of the suspects were sound, 36 per cent had red heartwood stain and 11 per cent were partly or entirely decayed. Sixty per cent of the trees without external defects were sound, and 40 per cent had red heartwood stain. In cubic-foot measure decay was unimportant in stands less than 100 years old. In older stands a few infested trees accounted for most of the decay. In foot-board measure 62 of 2,746 sample trees were totally culled and 122 were partially culled. Considerable loss occured in 90-year old and older stands near Whitecourt and in 170-year old stands in the other sample areas. Fomes pini (Thore) Lloyd and Polyporus tomentosus Fr. were the principal fungi isolated from white pitted trunk rots. P. tomentosus and Flammula alnicola (Fr.) Kummer were isolated most frequently from white pitted root and butt rots, and Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fr.) Karst. from brown cubical root and butt rots. Peniophora pseudo-pini Weres. and Gibson was the most frequently isolated fungus but was always associated with red heartwood stain. Scars of all kinds were the most important points of entry for decay fungi.

Pathogenicity of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2368-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith N. Egger ◽  
J. W. Paden
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Infection

Forty isolates of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) were tested for in vitro pathogenicity on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. Two known pathogens, Caloscypha fulgens (Pers.) Boud. and Botrytis cinerea Pers., were included as a check of the method. Caloscypha fulgens was the only fungus that caused serious declines in seed germination, although several species of postfire Pezizales were capable of preemergence seed infection. Rhizina undulata Fr. and Pyropyxis rubra (Peck) Egger were strongly pathogenic on germinants. Pyropyxis rubra was not previously known to be pathogenic. Many isolates were weakly pathogenic on germinants under the conditions tested.

Aliphatic acids as spore germination inhibitors of wood-decay fungi in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Influences of eight saturated aliphatic acids (C5–C10, C12, and C16) on basidiospores of four isolates of wood-decay fungi (Poria tenuis and Trametes hispida, white rot fungi, and two isolates of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum) were observed in vitro. Spore responses after 24 h on malt extract agar containing 10, 102 or 103 ppm of each acid included normal germination, delay of germ tube emergence, vacuolation and degeneration of spore cytoplasm, and prevention of germ tube development without spore destruction. Acids of chain length C5–C10 prevented spore germination and killed spores of all fungi at concentrations of 20–50 ppm in media, whereas other acids tested were less active. Spore germination assay of decay fungi may prove useful as a screening tool to compare potency of wood preservatives.

scholarly journals The Composition, Anti-mildew and Anti-wood-decay Fungal Activities of the Leaf and Fruit Oils of Juniperus Formosana from Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chang Su ◽  
Kuan-Ping Hsu ◽  
Eugene I-Chen Wang ◽  
Chen-Lung Ho
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Active Source ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Type Apparatus

In this study, anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the leaf and fruits essential oil and its constituents from Juniperus formosana were evaluated in vitro against seven mildew fungi and four wood decay fungi, respectively. The main compounds responsible for the anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities were also identified. The essential oil from the fresh leaves and fruits of J. formosana were isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. The leaf oil mainly consisted of α-pinene (41.0%), limonene (11.5%), α-cadinol (11.0%), elemol (6.3%), and β-myrcene (5.8%); the fruit oil was mostly α-pinene (40.9%), β-myrcene (32.4%), α-thujene (5.9%) and limonene (5.9%). Comparing the anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the oils suggested that the leaf oil was the most effective. For the anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the leaf oil, the active source compounds were determined to be α-cadinol and elemol.

scholarly journals Dissecting the Fine Details of Assembly of aT = 3 Phage Capsid

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Stockley ◽  
A. E. Ashcroft ◽  
S. Francese ◽  
G. S. Thompson ◽  
N. A. Ranson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Replicase Gene ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Assembly Pathway

The RNA bacteriophages represent ideal model systems in which to probe the detailed assembly pathway for the formation of aT = 3 quasi-equivalent capsid. For MS2, the assembly reaction can be probedin vitrousing acid disassembled coat protein subunits and a short (19 nt) RNA stem-loop that acts as the translational operator of the replicase gene and leads to sequence-specific sequestration and packaging of the cognate phage RNAin vivo. Reassembly reactions can be initiated by mixing these components at neutral pH. The molecular basis of the sequence-specific RNA–protein interaction is now well understood. Recent NMR studies on the protein demonstrate extensive mobility in the loops of the polypeptide that alter their conformations to form the quasi-equivalent conformers of the final capsid. It seems reasonable to assume that RNA binding results in reduction of this flexibility. However, mass spectrometry suggests that these RNA–protein complexes may only provide one type of quasi-equivalent capsid building block competent to form five-fold axes but not the full shell. Work with longer RNAs suggests that the RNA may actively template the assembly pathway providing a partial explanation of how conformers are selected in the growing shell.

Effect of the Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Agonist DHPG on the Visual Cortex

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1622-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tao Jin ◽  
Christopher J. Beaver ◽  
Qinghua Ji ◽  
Nigel W. Daw
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Excitatory Effect ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Cat Visual Cortex ◽  
Group I

Metabotropic glutamate receptors have a variety of effects in visual cortex that depend on the age of the animal, the layer of the cortex, and the group of the receptor. Here we describe these effects for group I receptors, using both in vivo and in vitro preparations. The metabotropic group I glutamate receptor agonist 3,5 dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) potentiates the responses to N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) in slices of rat visual cortex. It also increases, initially, the visual response in the cat visual cortex. Both these effects are largest at 3–4 wk of age and decline to insignificance by 10 wk of age. Both are also largest in lower layers of cortex, which explains why the facilitatory effects found with the general metabotropic glutamate agonist 1S,3R aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (ACPD) are observed only in lower layers. Prolonged application of DHPG in the cat visual cortex, after the initial excitatory effect, produces depression. We also found that DHPG facilitates the NMDA response in fast-spiking cells, which are inhibitory, providing a partial explanation for this. Thus there are multiple effects of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, which vary with layer and age in visual cortex.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH OF FROKER OATS FOR FORAGE. II. CONCENTRATIONS AND YIELDS OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALE SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Froker oats (Avena sativa L.) was grown from seed to initial panicle emergence in three day/night temperature regimes: hot (H) 32/26 C, warm (W) 27/21 C, and cool (C) 21/15 C. At initial panicle emergence, some plants were transferred to the other regimes to provide nine temperature treatments until harvest at complete panicle emergence. High herbage concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) generally resulted when C temperatures prevailed after initial panicle emergence, whereas high crude protein (CP) and elemental concentrations generally resulted when H temperatures prevailed after initial panicle emergence. In general, yields (g/pot) of DM, IVDDM, TNC, CP, fat, and ash were influenced more by temperature before than after initial panicle emergence. However, yields of DM, IVDDM, and TNC were reduced markedly by the change from C to W and from C to H, and were increased by the change from H to C.

Influence of temperature on in vitro metabolism of esmolol

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Melendez ◽  
J.G. Stone ◽  
E. Delphin ◽  
C.Y. Quon
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Metabolism ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On
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