Flavonoid chemistry and chromosome numbers of Fallopia section Pleuropterus (Polygonaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1136-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Ha Kim ◽  
Jin Hee Park ◽  
Hyosig Won ◽  
Chong-Wook Park
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Polygonum Multiflorum ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Flavonoid Chemistry

Flavonoid chemistry and chromosome numbers of Fallopia sect. Pleuropterus were examined to gain insights into the relationships among the taxa within the section. Twenty-seven flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified from taxa of section Pleuropterus; most of them were glycosylated derivatives of the flavonols kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin, and of the flavones apigenin and luteolin. The flavonoid data appear to be useful for taxon delimitation, because all taxa examined are readily distinguished by their flavonoid profiles. In addition, the flavonoid data revealed the presence of two chemical entities in the section; the first group includes Fallopia multiflora (Thunb. ex Murray) Haraldson (with varieties) and Fallopia ciliinervis (Nakai) Hammer and the second group includes Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub and Fallopia koreana Oh & Kim. These groupings suggested by the flavonoid chemistry are well-corroborated by the chromosome number of these taxa. Taxa of the first group have chromosome numbers based on x = 11 (2n = 22, 44), whereas chromosome numbers of the second group are based on x = 10 (2n = 20). Our counts for F. multiflora var. hypoleuca (Nakai ex Ohwi) Yonekura & H. Ohashi (2n = 44), Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. ex Murray (= F. multiflora) var. angulatum S.Y. Liu (2n = 22), F. ciliinervis (2n = 22), and F. koreana (2n = 20) are the first reports for these taxa. Based on these results, and in conjunction with morphological evidence, it is strongly suggested that the two groups of section Pleuropterus revealed by this study are not closely allied and may represent separate lineages in the genus Fallopia.Key words: Polygonaceae, Fallopia sect. Pleuropterus, flavonoids, chromosome number, chemotaxonomy.

Karyotypes of Leptarrhena and Tanakaea (Saxifragaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Soltis
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Conservative Nature ◽  
Chromosomal Data ◽  
Base Chromosome Number ◽  
Flavonoid Chemistry

In an attempt to clarify subtribal relationships in tribe Saxifrageae, chromosome numbers and karyotypes were determined for the two species comprising subtribe Leptarrheninae: Leptarrhena pyrolifolia and Tanakaea radicans. In both species 2n = 14, a common chromosome number throughout Saxifrageae. The two species have distinctive karyotypes that appear to differ in the centromeric positions of three pairs of chromosomes. These findings, in conjunction with earlier studies, demonstrate that genera of Saxifrageae often differ karyotypically. Leptarrhena exhibits considerable karyotypic similarity to genera of subtribe Saxifraginae characterized by a base chromosome number of x = 7. Chromosomal data, therefore, do not clearly differentiate subtribes Saxifraginae and Leptarrheninae. This observation is in agreement with evidence from paly-nology and flavonoid chemistry. Karyotypic studies continue to demonstrate the conservative nature of chromosomal evolution in tribe Saxifrageae.

scholarly journals New Contribution to the Knowledge on the Chromosome Numbers of Turkish Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Yavuz Koçak ◽  
Elmas Yağmur
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Chromosomal Number ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Karyological Data ◽  
First Time

Information on the karyotypes of Turkish species of Cerambycidae is scanty. Our study contributes to the knowledge of the karyological data (chromosomal number and mechanism of sex determination) of five Turkish longicorn beetles; karyotypes of four taxa, one endemic, are described for the first time and for the remaining one, Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783), the previously published chromosome count is confirmed. The chromosome number of Purpuricenus desfontainii inhumeralis Pic, 1891 and Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783) (Cerambycinae, Trachyderini) was found to be 2n = 28 (13 + Xyp); Clytus rhamni Germar, 1817 and Plagionotus floralis (Pallas, 1773) (Cerambycinae, Clytini) 2n = 20 (9 + Xyp); and the endemic Dorcadion triste phrygicum Peks, 1993 (Lamiinae, Dorcadionini) 2n = 24 (11 + Xyp). In view of the paucity of data available until now, our study is important for both to improve the poor karyological knowledge of Turkish Cerambycidae and to provide an incentive for other researchers.

scholarly journals Karyotype Analysis of Alnus Mill. (Betulaceae) Species Originating From Northeastern Asia

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Jun ◽  
Ren Bao-Qing ◽  
Luo Peigao ◽  
Ren Zhenglong
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Northeastern Asia ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Fossil Records

Abstract Alnus Mill. (alder) is an ecologically valuable tree genus. It is essential to study its genetic makeup in order to use alder trees to their full potential. Five specimens from four Alnus species (A. mandshurica, A. pendula, A. sibirica, and A. sieboldiana), found in northeastern Asia, were subjected to karyotype analysis. The analysis showed that these tree samples could be divided into three categories based on chromosome numbers or ploidy levels: viz., 2n = (4x) = 28, 2n = (8x) = 56 and 2n = (16x) = 112. The differences in chromosome number and karyotype parameters among Alnus species and even within the same species possibly resulted from natural polyploidization. Comparing the chromosome numbers of Alnus species in China with those in Japan showed that there appear to be only two categories in China, whereas there are up to five categories in Japan. The earliest fossil records of Alnus pollen were also discovered in Japan. We conclude that the center origin of Alnus spp. is Japan rather than China.

The Chromosome Numbers and Nuclear Cytology of Some Common British Serpulids

1960 ◽  
Vol s3-101 (56) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
S. DASGUPTA ◽  
A. P. AUSTIN
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Iron Alum ◽  
Artificial Fertilization ◽  
Nuclear Cytology

The chromosome numbers of Hydroides norvegica, Mercierella enigmatica, and Pomatoceros triqueter were determined from squashes of somatic cells in young embryos obtained by artificial fertilization, and stained with iron-alum/aceto-carmine. All had a diploid count of zn = 26 chromosomes. Mitotic and meiotic divisions in the 5 species of Spirorbis examined, and in Filograna implexa, all revealed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20. A diploid chromosome number of 14 is suggested for the ancestral serpulid.

Chromosome studies on African plants. 9. Chromosome numbers in Ehrharta (Poaceae: Ehrharteae)

Bothalia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
E. J. L. Saayman ◽  
S. P. Voges ◽  
G. Davidse
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
African Plants ◽  
First Time

Cytogenetic studies of 53 specimens of 14 species of the genus  Ehrharta Thunb. confirmed a basic chromosome number of 12 for the genus. Chromosome numbers for 13 species are described for the first time. The highest ploidy level yet observed in the genus (2n = lOx = 120) is reported for E. villosa var.  villosa. B chromosomes were observed in several specimens of four different species.

Cytology of somatic and gametangial nuclei in Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2055-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Stephenson ◽  
D. C. Erwin ◽  
J. V. Leary
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Reduction Division ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Linear Alignment ◽  
Size Of Nuclei

Nuclear divisions in the hyphae and gametangia of Phytophthora capsici and in hyphae of Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae resembled those of typical mitosis. The chromosomal configurations in prophase are similar to classical angiosperm prophase configurations. However, in metaphase the linear alignment of chromosomes resembled the pattern reported in pollen tubes of Lilium and Tradescantia. The relative size of nuclei and numbers of chromosomes per nucleus remained constant during gametangial development. Somatic and gametangial nuclei were about equal in size and chromosome number. Chromosome numbers in somatic and gametangial nuclei of P. capsici and P. megasperma var. sojae were about six and eight, respectively. There was no evidence of reduction division in gametangia.

CHROMOSOME NUMBER, VOLUME AND NUCLEAR VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS IN A POLYPLOID SERIES (2X-20X) OF THE GENUS RUMEX

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 842-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ichikawa ◽  
A. H. Sparrow ◽  
C. Frankton ◽  
Anne F. Nauman ◽  
E. B. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Polyploid Series ◽  
Unidentified Species

Ninety-one acquisitions of the genus Rumex obtained from various sources were examined taxonomically and cytologically. These acquisitions included 36 species plus 2 unidentified species. The chromosome numbers counted were 2n = 14 (or 15), 16, 18, 20, 40, 42, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, ca. 170, 180 and ca. 200. The count of 2n = 180 made on one of the R. orbiculatus acquisitions is a new count for this genus, but other acquisitions had 160 and ca. 170. First counts were obtained for four species, R. frutescens (2n = 160), R. crystallinus (2n = 60), R. cristatus (2n = 80) and R. tenax (2n = 80). The count of 2n = 160 for R. frutescens is the highest chromosome number ever reported in the section Axillares. The chromosome numbers determined in R. palustris (2n = 60), R. confertus (2n = 100), R. arcticus (2n = 120) and R. aquaticus (2n = 140) differ from previously published counts. Our counts for eight other species support one of the previous counts where two or more counts are reported. It is shown that the species of the subgenus Acetosa sections Acetosa and Vesicarii and of the subgenus Platypodium have relatively large chromosomes, those of the subgenus Acetosa section Scutati and of the subgenus Acetosella have medium-sized chromosomes, and the members of the subgenus Rumex sections Axillares and Rumex have smaller chromosomes. The chromosomes of the diploid species of the section Rumex were larger than those of the polyploids (4x to 20x) of the same section. Within the section Rumex the log of nuclear volume increased with increasing ploidy, with an abrupt change (decrease) in slope between the 12x and 14x levels.

Flavonoid chemistry and chromosome numbers of Fallopia section Pleuropterus (Polygonaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1136-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Ha Kim ◽  
Jin Hee Park ◽  
Hyosig Won ◽  
Chong-Wook Park
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Flavonoid Chemistry

Changnienia malipoensis, a new species from China (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Calypsoeae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONG-HUI PENG ◽  
ZHONG-JIAN LIU ◽  
JUN-WEN ZHAI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
A New Species

Changnienia Chien (1935: 89) is a monotypic genus of tribe Calypsoeae endemic to eastern and central China (Chen et al. 1999, 2009, Freudenstein 2005), previously with only the species C. amoena Chien (1935: 90), which was listed in the Chinese Redbook in 1992 (Fu 1992). Yang & Zhu (1984) reported a chromosome number for it of 2n=46. Sun et al. (2006) observed pollination and found that Bombus trifasciatus was its pollinator. Zhai et al. (2013) confirmed the phylogenetic placement of this species as a member of tribe Calypsoeae (sensu Pridgeon et al. 2005). A new species of Changnienia is described and illustrated here based on molecular and morphological evidence. It is discovered in Malipo, Yunnan Province, China.

The taxonomy of the Viola nuttallii complex

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2562-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Fabijan ◽  
J. G. Packer ◽  
K. E. Denford
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Polyploid Complex ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flavonoid Chemistry

Morphological, cytological, and phytochemical data were incorporated into numerical and statistical analyses to produce a revision of Viola subsection Nuttallianae. A basic chromosome number of x = 6 was confirmed for this polyploid complex, which includes five species: V. vallicola, 2n = 12; V. tomentosa, 2n = 12; V. nuttallii, 2n = 24; V. praemorsa, 2n = 36 and 48; and V. bakeri, 2n = 48. Departures from recent authors include the recognition of two varieties in V. vallicola, vallicola and major (Hook.) Fabijan, based on flavonoid chemistry and distribution. Viola praemorsa is envisaged as embracing a wide range of morphological and chemical diversity, the extremes of which are recognized as the subspecies praemorsa, flavovirens (Pollard) Fabijan, and linguaefolia. In the absence of significant morphological or distributional differences between the V. linguaefolia and V. praemorsa subspecies major (sensu Baker and Clausen) and oregona, these three previously recognized taxa are included in subspecies linguaefolia. Based on cytological, morphological, and flavonoid data presented here, possible phylogenetic relationships are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document