scholarly journals Safety of antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in patients with chronic viral infections: hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. ii18-ii24 ◽  
Author(s):  
L H Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chronic Viral Infections ◽  
Necrosis Factor

scholarly journals Usefulness of Simultaneous Screening for HIV- and Hepatitis C–Specific Antibodies and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen by Capillary-Based Multiplex Immunochromatographic Rapid Test to Strengthen Prevention Strategies and Linkage to Care in Childbearing-Aged Women Living in Resource-Limited Settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa ◽  
Zita Aleyo Nodjikouambaye ◽  
Damtheou Sadjoli ◽  
Ali Mahamat Moussa ◽  
Chatte Adawaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Chronic Viral Infections ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Childbearing-aged women (n = 266) attending a gynecological clinic in Chad were subjected to multiplex immunochromatographic rapid test for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Ten (3.7%) and 8 (3.0%) were seropositive for HIV and HCV, respectively, and 20 (7.5%) for HBV surface antigen, allowing diagnosis of chronic viral infections in 1 of 7 (14.3%) women.

Viral Nephropathies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kar Neng Lai ◽  
Andrew SH Lai ◽  
Sydney CW Tang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Segmental Glomerulosclerosis ◽  
Bk Polyomavirus

Viral infections are important causative agents in renal disease and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. The diagnostic criteria for virus-related nephropathy include detailed clinical and laboratory data and tissue molecular analysis. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms include kidney tropism of the virus, induction of abnormal immune complexes, direct cytopathogenic effects, and multiorgan failure. Hepatitis B virus is associated with membranous nephropathy and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in endemic areas. Hepatitis C virus causes various forms of glomerulonephritis, including cryoglobulinemia-mediated glomerulonephritis. HIV infection is associated with a collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a distinctive disease that mainly affects Africans and African Americans. In the course of HIV infection, other types of immune complex glomerulonephritis may occur. Recent reports indicate a role for parvovirus B19 in idiopathic collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Acute kidney injury occurs in hantavirus and coronavirus-associated severe acute respiratory syndrome. Of particular interest are those viral infections with productive replication in the kidney, which often occur in immunocompromised hosts, such as renal allograft recipients. Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and BK polyomavirus are prominent members of this group causing specific diseases. Renal biopsy followed by appropriate serologic and molecular testing is essential for defining virus-related nephropathies and guiding prognostic and therapeutic evaluation. This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables, and 90 references. Key words: BK polyomavirus, cytomegalovirus, glomerulonephritis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV-associated nephropathy, viral infection

Clinical Features Related to Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Viral Infections (Hepatitis C Virus/HIV Infection): Description of 82 Cases

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Ramos‐Casals ◽  
Ricard Cervera ◽  
Mariana Lagrutta ◽  
Francisco Medina ◽  
Mario García‐Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chronic Viral Infections

Article Commentary: Occupational Risks of Blood Exposure in the Operating Room

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bloodborne Pathogens ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Occupational Infection

Bloodborne pathogens continue to be a source of occupational infection for healthcare workers, but particularly for surgeons. Over 1 per cent of the U.S. population has one or more chronic viral infections. Hepatitis B is the infection that has the longest known role as an occupational pathogen, but infection with this virus is largely preventable with the use of the effective hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis C affects the largest number of people in the United States, and there is no vaccine available for the prevention of this infection. HIV infection still has not been associated with a documented transmission in the operating room environment, but six cases of probable occupational transmission have been reported. A total of 57 healthcare workers have had documented occupational infection since the epidemic of HIV infection began. Infection of blood-borne pathogens to patients from infected surgeons remains a concern. Surgeons who are e-antigen-positive for hepatitis B have been well documented to be an infection risk to patients in the operating room. Only four surgeons have been documented to transmit hepatitis C, although other transmissions have occurred in the care of patients when practices of infection control have been violated. No surgical transmission of HIV to a patient has been identified at this time. Prevention of occupational infection requires use of protective barriers, avoidance of exposure risk by modification of techniques, and a constant awareness of sharp instruments in the operating room. Blood exposure in the operating room carries risk of infection and should be avoided. It is likely that other infectious agents will emerge as operating room threats. Surgeons must maintain vigilance in avoiding blood exposure and percutaneous injury.

Prevention of percutaneous injuries with risk of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or other viral infections for health-care workers

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Parantainen ◽  
Minna Anthoni ◽  
America Valdes ◽  
Marie-Claude Lavoie ◽  
Ulla-Maija Hellgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Care Workers

scholarly journals Complementary Effects of Interleukin-15 and Alpha Interferon Induce Immunity in Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (19) ◽  
pp. 8563-8574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Di Scala ◽  
Itziar Otano ◽  
Irene Gil-Fariña ◽  
Lucia Vanrell ◽  
Mirja Hommel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chronic Viral Infections ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Interleukin 15

ABSTRACTIn chronic hepatitis B (CHB), failure to control hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with T cell dysfunction. HBV transgenic mice mirror many features of the human disease, including T cell unresponsiveness, and thus represent an appropriate model in which to test novel therapeutic strategies. To date, the tolerant state of CD8+T cells in these animals could be altered only by strong immunogens or by immunization with HBV antigen-pulsed dendritic cells; however, the effectors induced were unable to suppress viral gene expression or replication. Because of the known stimulatory properties of alpha interferon (IFN-α) and interleukin-15 (IL-15), this study explored the therapeutic potential of liver-directed gene transfer of these cytokines in a murine model of CHB using adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery. This combination not only resulted in a reduction in the viral load in the liver and the induction of an antibody response but also gave rise to functional and specific CD8+immunity. Furthermore, when splenic and intrahepatic lymphocytes from IFN-α- and IL-15-treated animals were transferred to new HBV carriers, partial antiviral immunity was achieved. In contrast to previous observations made using either cytokine alone, markedly attenuated PD-L1 induction in hepatic tissue was observed upon coadministration. An initial study with CHB patient samples also gave promising results. Hence, we demonstrated synergy between two stimulating cytokines, IL-15 and IFN-α, which, given together, constitute a potent approach to significantly enhance the CD8+T cell response in a state of immune hyporesponsiveness. Such an approach may be useful for treating chronic viral infections and neoplastic conditions.IMPORTANCEWith 350 million people affected worldwide and 600,000 annual deaths due to HBV-induced liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major health problem. However, current treatment options are costly and not very effective and/or need to be administered for life. The unprecedented efficacy of the strategy described in our paper may offer an alternative and is relevant for a broad spectrum of readers because of its clear translational importance to other chronic viral infections in which a hyporesponsive antigen-specific T cell repertoire prevents clearance of the pathogen.

scholarly journals MicroRNA 130a Regulates both Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis B Virus Replication through a Central Metabolic Pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiong Duan ◽  
Shilin Li ◽  
Jacinta A. Holmes ◽  
Zeng Tu ◽  
Yujia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been shown to regulate microRNA 130a (miR-130a) in patient biopsy specimens and in cultured cells. We sought to identify miR-130a target genes and to explore the mechanisms by which miR-130a regulates HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. We used bioinformatics software, including miRanda, TargetScan, PITA, and RNAhybrid, to predict potential miR-130a target genes. miR-130a and its target genes were overexpressed or were knocked down by use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 guide RNA (gRNA). Selected gene mRNAs and their proteins, together with HCV replication in OR6 cells, HCV JFH1-infected Huh7.5.1 cells, and HCV JFH1-infected primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) and HBV replication in HepAD38 cells, HBV-infected NTCP-Huh7.5.1 cells, and HBV-infected PHHs, were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. We selected 116 predicted target genes whose expression was related to viral pathogenesis or immunity for qPCR validation. Of these, the gene encoding pyruvate kinase in liver and red blood cell (PKLR) was confirmed to be regulated by miR-130a overexpression. miR-130a overexpression (via a mimic) knocked down PKLR mRNA and protein levels. A miR-130a inhibitor and gRNA increased PKLR expression, HCV replication, and HBV replication, while miR-130a gRNA and PKLR overexpression increased HCV and HBV replication. Supplemental pyruvate increased HCV and HBV replication and rescued the inhibition of HCV and HBV replication by the miR-130a mimic and PKLR knockdown. We concluded that miR-130a regulates HCV and HBV replication through its targeting of PKLR and subsequent pyruvate production. Our data provide novel insights into key metabolic enzymatic pathway steps regulated by miR-130a, including the steps involving PKLR and pyruvate, which are subverted by HCV and HBV replication.IMPORTANCEWe identified that miR-130a regulates the target genePKLRand its subsequent effect on pyruvate production. Pyruvate is a key intermediate in several metabolic pathways, and we identified that pyruvate plays a key role in regulation of HCV and HBV replication. This previously unrecognized, miRNA-regulated antiviral mechanism has implications for the development of host-directed strategies to interrupt the viral life cycle and prevent establishment of persistent infection for HCV, HBV, and potentially other viral infections.

Can Therapy of Hepatitis C Affect the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Kulik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
The Past

Chronic inflammation induced by viral infections and their role in carcinogenesis is well recognized. Two hepatotropic viruses, hepatitis B and hepatitis C (HCV), have been linked worldwide to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although orthotopic liver transplant offers the best chance for cure and long-term survival, the demand for organs far outweighs the supply. The incidence of HCC in the United States has increased over the past 3 decades. HCV-induced cirrhosis is believed to play a significant role in the rising rate of HCC. Therefore, primary measures to prevent HCC in HCV-infected patients are urgently needed. Numerous studies of the HCV HCC patient have considered primary treatment with interferon-based therapy. However, secondary prevention currently seems to carry more promise. This article evaluates and assesses various treatments for primary and secondary chemoprevention in the setting of HCV.

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