Can Therapy of Hepatitis C Affect the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Kulik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
The Past

Chronic inflammation induced by viral infections and their role in carcinogenesis is well recognized. Two hepatotropic viruses, hepatitis B and hepatitis C (HCV), have been linked worldwide to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although orthotopic liver transplant offers the best chance for cure and long-term survival, the demand for organs far outweighs the supply. The incidence of HCC in the United States has increased over the past 3 decades. HCV-induced cirrhosis is believed to play a significant role in the rising rate of HCC. Therefore, primary measures to prevent HCC in HCV-infected patients are urgently needed. Numerous studies of the HCV HCC patient have considered primary treatment with interferon-based therapy. However, secondary prevention currently seems to carry more promise. This article evaluates and assesses various treatments for primary and secondary chemoprevention in the setting of HCV.

Su1285 Long-Term Survival of Patients With Transplant-Eligible Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Post-MELD Exception Era in the United States Between 2004 and 2007

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. S-447-S-448
Author(s):  
Pardha Devaki ◽  
Vidyasagargoud Marupakula ◽  
Sharad Nangia ◽  
Basile Njei ◽  
Ivo C. Ditah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Characteristics of Hepatitis B virus induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Mahmoud Fathy Barakat ◽  
Khalid Mahmoud AbdAlaziz ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Mahmoud El Tabbakh ◽  
Mohamed Kamal Alden Ali
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the United States, HCC is the ninth leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advances in prevention techniques, screening, and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment, incidence and mortality continue to rise. Cirrhosis remains the most important risk factor for the development of HCC regardless of etiology. Hepatitis B and C are independent risk factors for the development of cirrhosis. Alcohol consumption remains an important additional risk factor in the United States as alcohol abuse is five times higher than hepatitis C. Diagnosis is confirmed without pathologic confirmation. Screening includes both radiologic tests, such as ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, and serological markers such as αfetoprotein at 6-month interval. Aim To compare characteristics and behavior of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic HCV patients and HVB patients Patients and Methods The current study was conducted on patients with de HCC presented at HCC clinic, Tropical medicine department Ain Shams University Hospitals between December 2017 and D ecember 2018, aged (18-70 years old) . Results eline characteristics of study population shown in Table 1 at enrolment, including gender, Education status, co-morbidity, underlying presence or absence of cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class of patients infected with viral hepatitis, and alpha-fetoprotein levels. Male proportion observed to be predominant in both HCV (62%) and HBV (75.4%) infected HCC population. Overall prevalence of HCV and HBV in patients having HCC was 65.95% and 34.04%, respectively. Presence of underlying liver cirrhosis was more significantly associated with HCV seropositives as compared to HBV seropositive patients (p0.05). Table 2 shows comparison of means between HCV and HBV seropositive patients with HCC. In univariate analysis, mean age difference (11.6 years), and total bilirubin levels (-1.91mg/dl) were the only statistically significant observations noted among HCV-HCC group (p = 0.05) Conclusion Hepatocellular carcinoma is mainly caused by Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B viruses, but latter showed predominance, comparatively worldwide and correlated HBV directly as a cause of HCC rather than HCV whose relation with HCC is still unclear (Shepard et al., 2006; Di Bisceglie, 2009). Because of the geographical differences and risk factors, the epidemiological burden of HCV and HBV has been observed different in different areas of the world. In developing countries due to high burden of HCV infection as compared to HBV such as in Taiwan (HCV 17.0%, HBV 13.8%) (Kao et al., 2011), Guam (HCV 19.6%, HBV 18%) (Haddock et al., 2013), and Pakistan (HCV 4.8%, HBV 2.5%) (Rehman et al., 1996; Raza et al., 2007; Qureshi et al., 2010; Butt et al., 2012;) will possibly

scholarly journals Long-term Survival of Dialysis Patients With Bacterial Endocarditis Undergoing Valvular Replacement Surgery in the United States

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell D. Leither ◽  
Gautam R. Shroff ◽  
Shu Ding ◽  
David T. Gilbertson ◽  
Charles A. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Valvular Replacement

scholarly journals A Standardized Approach to Orthotopic (Life-Supporting) Porcine Cardiac Xenotransplantation in a Non-Human Primate Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corbin E. Goerlich ◽  
Bartley P. Griffith ◽  
John A. Treffalls ◽  
Tianshu Zhang ◽  
Avneesh K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Human Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Human Organ ◽  
Large Animal Models

Abstract There are 5.7 million people in the United States with heart failure, which is life-limiting in 20% of patients.1 While data is most robust in the United States for this cohort, it is known to be a global problem with over 23 million people carrying the diagnosis.1 For end-stage heart failure, many require a heart transplantation, however, there is a shortage in the supply of organ donors. Cardiac xenotransplantation has been proposed to “bridge the gap” in supply for these patients requiring transplantation. Recent pre-clinical success using genetically modified pig donors in baboon recipients has demonstrated survival greater than 6 months.2–5 First-in-human transplantation of a genetically modified pig kidney demonstrated 54 hour rejection-free function when perfused by a deceased human recipient, demonstrating the feasibility of cross-species transplantation and invigorating enthusiasm further to utilize this new organ source for a population that would otherwise die waiting for a human organ.6 While this human study demonstrated proof-of-principle of overcoming hyperacute rejection, further regulatory oversight by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may be required with pre-clinical trials in large animal models of xenotransplantation with long-term survival. These studies not only require a multi-disciplinary team and expertise in orthotopic transplantation (cardiac surgery, anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass), immunology and genetic engineering; but also, specifically handling large animal recipients that cannot communicate their symptoms. Here we detail our approach to pig-to-primate large animal model of orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation perioperatively and in the months thereafter in long-term surviving animals. We also detail xenograft surveillance methods and common issues that arise in the postoperative period specific to this model and ways to overcome them.

DIPHTHERIA IN THE UNITED STATES, 1959-1960

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-205
Author(s):  
Theodore C. Doege ◽  
Clark W. Heath ◽  
Ida L. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Series ◽  
Long Term Trend

Diphtheria attack rates and cases, and to a much lesser extent case-fatality rates, have fallen steadily within the United States during the past 25 years. However, during 1959 and 1960 there was a halt in this long-term trend. Epidemiologic data on 868 clinical cases of diphtheria occurring in 1959 and 873 cases in 1960 were submitted to the Communicable Disease Center by 45 states. The cases and several major outbreaks tended to concentrate in the southern and southwestern states. Attack rates and deaths were highest for children under 10 years, and attack rates were more than five times greater for nonwhite children. Analysis of 1960 immunization data shows that 72% of the patients had received no immunizations. Fifty-five per cent of carriers, but only 18% of persons with bacteriologically confirmed cases, had received a primary series. Only 1 person of 58 fatal cases occurring in 1960 had received a primary series. Certain problems for future investigation, disclosed by the surveillance data, are discussed.

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