Contribution to the study of the reaction between solid sodium carbonate and gaseous sulphur dioxide

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 2281-2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Vobiš ◽  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Effective Rate Constant ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
True Rate ◽  
Partial Pressures

The heterogeneous reaction between solid sodium carbonate and gaseous sulphur dioxide of partial pressures from 1.2 to 7.5 kPa has been investigated in a fixed-bed reactor at temperatures of 54 and 81 °C in the presence of water vapour of partial pressures from 0.30 to 1.25 kPa. An independence of the reaction course of the sulphur dioxide content in the gas phase and a linear dependence of the reaction rate on the partial pressure of water vapour were found under the above conditions. The rate equation derived previously has been simplified and the set of differential equations describing the reaction in a fixed bed has been solved. The relations obtained have been applied to an evaluation of the effective rate constant. The true rate constant has been estimated to be independent of temperature.

Reactivity of the solid sodium carbonate towards the gaseous hydrogen chloride and the sulphur dioxide

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 3500-3507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Erich Lippert ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Anhydrous Sodium Carbonate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Inactive Form

The rate of reaction of the anhydrous sodium carbonate with the hydrogen chloride and its mixture with sulphur dioxide was measured in an integral fixed-bed reactor. Reactivity of the active sodium carbonate towards the hydrogen chloride is lower as compared with its reactivity towards the sulphur dioxide. A relationship was found between the reactivity of the solid and the way of its preparation. The inactive form of the sodium carbonate is inactive towards both the sulphur dioxide and the hydrogen chloride. The active form of the sodium carbonate exhibits towards the hydrogen chloride a reactivity which is by orders of magnitude higher than that of the inactive form. The variation of the ratio of partial pressures of the hydrogen chloride and the sulphur dioxide in the reaction with the sodium carbonate does not affect significantly the total degree of the solid conversion, which attained a value of 65% in laboratory experiments. The degree of gas purification from the acid components did not fall under a value of 99% up to a solid conversion of about 50% at a mean gas contact time of about 10-2 s.

Kinetics of the Reaction of Solid Anhydrous Potassium Carbonate with Gaseous Sulfur Dioxide

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2357-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Lippert ◽  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Anhydrous Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Flow Apparatus ◽  
Gaseous Sulfur ◽  
Kinetics Of

Results are presented of an experimental kinetic study of the heterogeneous reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide and solid anhydrous potassium carbonate. The measurements were carried out in an all glass kinetic flow apparatus with nitrogen as the carrier gas and a fixed bed of the solid working in the differential regime at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 423 K (150 °C). The reaction course was studied in dependence on the partial pressures of sulfur dioxide (pSO2) and water vapour (pH2O) in concentration ranges pSO2 = 13 - 430 Pa and pH2O = 0 - 2 100 Pa. In the reaction, water vapour acts as a gaseous catalyst. Based on the experimental data, the corresponding kinetic equation was found together with the numerical values of the relevant rate and equilibrium adsorption constants.

The effect of parent substance genesis on the reactivity of active sodium carbonate towards sulphur dioxide

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1201-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Erich Lippert ◽  
Dušan Husek ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Effective Rate Constant ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Parent Substance ◽  
Active Sodium ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The reactivity of sodium carbonate towards sulphur dioxide was studied in dependence on the effect of genesis of sodium hydrocarbonate as the parent substance of the reacting solid. The reactivity expressed by means of the effective rate constant differed approximately one half of order of magnitude among five various samples. A qualitative correlation has been found between the bulk density of the parent substance and the reactivity of active sodium carbonate prepared thereof. Experimental evidence is given that the effect of genesis of the parent substance is not decisive for the reactivity of the active sodium carbonate towards sulphur dioxide. Henceforth, as the decisive factor for the reactivity of the sodium carbonate the way of its preparation from the parent substance must be considered.

Formation of sodium disulphite by reaction of solid sodium sulphite with gaseous sulphur dioxide

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 3166-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Vobiš ◽  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Sodium Sulphite ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Gaseous Sulfur ◽  
Final Degree

The formation of sodium disulphite in a heterogeneous reaction between solid sodium sulphite and gaseous sulfur dioxide has been investigated in a fixed-bed reactor at temperatures from 40 up to 80 °C in the presence of water vapour. The partial pressure of the sulfur dioxide was in the range of 1.2 to 7.5 kPa and that of the water vapour amounted to 1.0-6.5 kPa. The study has been aimed at finding optimum conditions for the formation of the disulphite according to the final degree of conversion. It has been found that the final degree of conversion depends primarily on the content of water vapour in the gas phase and on the temperature, the reactivity of the sodium sulphite being significantly affected by the way of its preparation.

Reaction of Hydrogen Chloride Gas with Sodium Carbonate and Its Deep Removal in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (49) ◽  
pp. 19145-19158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Hartman ◽  
Karel Svoboda ◽  
Michael Pohořelý ◽  
Michal Šyc ◽  
Siarhei Skoblia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor

Comparative study of catalytic conversion of glycerol, a by-product of transesterification, to cyclic hydrocarbons using MCM-22, ZSM-5 and alumina

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Neeru Anand ◽  
Vinay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Ms Analysis

Abstract Recently chemical consumption has increased due to the growth of human population and industrialization. Depleting fuel reserves and increase in chemicals rise has led and researcher to focus on alternative bio based chemicals. Glycerol which is produced as a major byproduct from the trans-esterification reaction of fatty acids for producing biodiesel has been used in this work for conversion to value added products. Conversion of glycerol in presence of alumina, MCM-22 (pure silica based mesoporous catalyst) and ZSM-5 (Si-Al based catalyst) is investigated at different temperature and catalyst weight in a fixed bed reactor. The conversion of glycerol was found to be maximum in presence of alumina whereas maximum liquid products were obtained with ZSM-5. GC/MS analysis confirmed the production of Furan compounds in higher fraction with both alumina as well as ZSM-5 showing the importance of acid sites for the glycerol conversion to higher hydrocarbons. The GC/MS analysis of liquid product obtained in presence of catalyst was also observed with high area% of unconverted glycerol. The order is as follow 54% (MCM-22) > 44% (ZSM-5) > 42.2% (Alumina). For the investigation of the conversion for varying catalyst weight (0–3 g with 0.5 g weight difference), reaction temperature were varied between 450 and 550 °C. Different values of n = 0, 1, 2 etc. were used for the fitting of the respective plot. A change in reaction rate and the rate constant indicated that with the change of temperature, reaction rate was increased. The rate constant value obtained between 0.09 and 0.12 h−1. In all cases 450 °C and catalyst weight of 2.5 g was obtained as optimum for higher liquid yield. TGA analysis of spent catalyst also showed that alumina give high yield (∼50% by weight) of coke as compared to ZSM-5 and MCM-22.

scholarly journals Deactivation Model Study of High Temperature H2S Wet-Desulfurization by Using ZnO

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8019
Author(s):  
Arda Hatunoglu ◽  
Alessandro Dell’Era ◽  
Luca Del Zotto ◽  
Andrea Di Carlo ◽  
Erwin Ciro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Deactivation Model ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Before And After

High-temperature desulfurization techniques are fundamental for the development of reliable and efficient conversion systems of low-cost fuels and biomass that answer to the nowadays environmental and energy security issues. This is particularly true for biomass gasification coupled to SOFC systems where the sulfur content has to be minimized before being fed to the SOFC. Thus, commercially available zinc oxide has been studied and characterized as a desulfurizing agent in a fixed-bed reactor at high temperatures from 400 °C to 600 °C. The sorbent material was characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, and EDS analyses before and after adsorption. The sorbent’s sorption capacity has been evaluated at different temperatures, as well as the breakthrough curves. Moreover, the kinetic parameters as the initial sorption rate constant k0, the deactivation rate constant kd, and the activation energy have been calculated using the linearized deactivation model. The best performances have been obtained at 550 °C, obtaining a sorption capacity of 5.4 g per 100 g of sorbent and a breakthrough time of 2.7 h. These results can be used to extend ZnO desulfurization techniques to a higher temperature than the ones used today (i.e., 550 °C with respect to 400 °C).

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