Formation of sodium disulphite by reaction of solid sodium sulphite with gaseous sulphur dioxide

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 3166-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Vobiš ◽  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Sodium Sulphite ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Gaseous Sulfur ◽  
Final Degree

The formation of sodium disulphite in a heterogeneous reaction between solid sodium sulphite and gaseous sulfur dioxide has been investigated in a fixed-bed reactor at temperatures from 40 up to 80 °C in the presence of water vapour. The partial pressure of the sulfur dioxide was in the range of 1.2 to 7.5 kPa and that of the water vapour amounted to 1.0-6.5 kPa. The study has been aimed at finding optimum conditions for the formation of the disulphite according to the final degree of conversion. It has been found that the final degree of conversion depends primarily on the content of water vapour in the gas phase and on the temperature, the reactivity of the sodium sulphite being significantly affected by the way of its preparation.

Kinetics of the Reaction of Solid Anhydrous Potassium Carbonate with Gaseous Sulfur Dioxide

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2357-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Lippert ◽  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Anhydrous Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Flow Apparatus ◽  
Gaseous Sulfur ◽  
Kinetics Of

Results are presented of an experimental kinetic study of the heterogeneous reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide and solid anhydrous potassium carbonate. The measurements were carried out in an all glass kinetic flow apparatus with nitrogen as the carrier gas and a fixed bed of the solid working in the differential regime at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 423 K (150 °C). The reaction course was studied in dependence on the partial pressures of sulfur dioxide (pSO2) and water vapour (pH2O) in concentration ranges pSO2 = 13 - 430 Pa and pH2O = 0 - 2 100 Pa. In the reaction, water vapour acts as a gaseous catalyst. Based on the experimental data, the corresponding kinetic equation was found together with the numerical values of the relevant rate and equilibrium adsorption constants.

Contribution to the study of the reaction between solid sodium carbonate and gaseous sulphur dioxide

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 2281-2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Vobiš ◽  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Effective Rate Constant ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
True Rate ◽  
Partial Pressures

The heterogeneous reaction between solid sodium carbonate and gaseous sulphur dioxide of partial pressures from 1.2 to 7.5 kPa has been investigated in a fixed-bed reactor at temperatures of 54 and 81 °C in the presence of water vapour of partial pressures from 0.30 to 1.25 kPa. An independence of the reaction course of the sulphur dioxide content in the gas phase and a linear dependence of the reaction rate on the partial pressure of water vapour were found under the above conditions. The rate equation derived previously has been simplified and the set of differential equations describing the reaction in a fixed bed has been solved. The relations obtained have been applied to an evaluation of the effective rate constant. The true rate constant has been estimated to be independent of temperature.

Formation of sodium disulfite in a solid-gas system

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1575-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Vobiš ◽  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulfite ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Dissociation Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Gas System ◽  
Gaseous Sulfur ◽  
Equilibrium Dissociation

The formation of sodium disulfite by the heterogeneous reaction of solid active sodium sulfite with gaseous sulfur dioxide in the presence of water vapour was investigated over the temperature range of 293 to 393 K at SO2. H2O and O2 partial pressures of 1.2-7.4, 1.2-6.4 and 0-11.3 kPa, respectively. The effect of the reaction time was also examined. Kinetic measurements were supplemented with the determination of the equilibrium dissociation pressure of SO2 in contact with sodium sulfite at 373.15 K. The major aim of the work was to establish the optimum conditions for attaining the maximum degree of conversion of the solid reactant to sodium disulfite. The conditions for the formation of virtually pure sodium disulfite were found.

scholarly journals Process Optimization for Ethyl Ester Production in Fixed Bed Reactor Using Calcium Oxide Impregnated Palm Shell Activated Carbon (CaO/PSAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Buasri ◽  
B Ksapabutr ◽  
M Panapoy ◽  
N Chaiyut
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Bed Height

: The continuous production of ethyl ester was studied by using a steady-state fixed bed reactor (FBR). Transesterification of palm stearin (PS) and waste cooking palm oil (WCPO) with ethanol in the presence of calcium oxide impregnated palm shell activated carbon (CaO/PSAC) solid catalyst was investigated. This work was determined the optimum conditions for the production of ethyl ester from PS and WCPO in order to obtain fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) with the highest yield. The effects of reaction variables such as residence time, ethanol/oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, catalyst bed height and reusability of catalyst in a reactor system on the yield of biodiesel were considered. The optimum conditions were the residence time 2-3 h, ethanol/oil molar ratio 16-20, reaction temperature at 800C, and catalyst bed height 300 mm which yielded 89.46% and 83.32% of the PS and WCPO conversion, respectively. CaO/PSAC could be used repeatedly for 4 times without any activation treatment and no obvious activity loss was observed. It has potential for industrial application in the transesterification of triglyceride (TG). The fuel properties of biodiesel were determined. Keywords: biodiesel, calcium oxide, ethyl ester, fixed bed reactor, palm shell activated carbon

Kinetics of the Reaction Between Solid Active Sodium Carbonate of the Second Generation and the Gaseous Sulfur Dioxide

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Květoslava Stejskalová ◽  
Zdeněk Bastl ◽  
Karel Mocek
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Active Sodium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gaseous Sulfur

The results are presented of a detailed experimental kinetic study of the heterogeneous reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide and the solid active sodium carbonate of the second generation which has been prepared by a controlled thermal dehydration of higher hydrates of the sodium carbonate. The measurements have been carried out in an all-glass kinetic apparatus with an integral fixed-bed reactor. The reaction course was studied in dependence on genesis and nature of the active sodium carbonate, on temperature and on composition of the gas phase. The reaction rate is significantly affected by presence of the water vapour which acts as a gaseous catalyst. Experimental data have been treated by using the model proposed by Erdos (Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 32, 1653 (1967), and the values of the effective reaction rate constants have been computed. The kinetic study of active sodium carbonate of the second generation has been completed by the determination of microstructure (SEM) of solid samples before and after reaction, and by determining the solid surface composition before and after reaction by means of electronic spectra (ESCA).

scholarly journals PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PERCETAKAN UANG KERTAS (UTAS) MENGGUNAKAN PROSES BIOLOGIS ANAEROB

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Nugroho ◽  
Ikbal Mahmud ◽  
Nurtya Sulasmi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Anaerobic Bioreactor

A research of wastewater treatment technology come from money producing industry was conducted in laboratory scale using 10 lt of Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactor. The money producing wastewater was treated by mixing with domestic wastewater with various compositions. The wastewater was fed into the bioreactor by draw and fill daily.The results show that the optimum of COD removal is 52,5%, optimum loading is 0, 95 g-COD/l/day and optimum flowrate is 0,5 l/day. The optimum compossition of money producing wastewater towards domestic wastewater is 30%. These optimum conditions can be used as a designed criteria for full scale of anaerobic bioreactor in the money producing industry. Katakunci : Wastewater, Anaerobic, Fixed Bed Reactor

scholarly journals Syngas Compositions And Kinetics Of South Kalimantan Lignite Coal Char Gasification With Steam

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Yusuf Rumbino ◽  
Suryo Purwono ◽  
Muslikhin Hidayat ◽  
Hary Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Coal Char ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Coal Pyrolysis ◽  
Char Gasification ◽  
Lignite Coal

The aim of this research was to investigate the gasification of a South Kalimantan lignite coal char in the temperature range of 873-1073 ºK and steam condition to evaluate the reactions rates and the product gas compositions. Prior to the gasification experiments the raw char was pyrolysed under nitrogen atmosphere and at a temperature of 673 ºK. The gasification experiments were conducted in a fixed bed reactor, at atmospheric pressure, isothermal conditions, equipped with cooling system, gas reservoir, and temperature control. Char from coal pyrolysis weighed then gasified at variations of temperature. Gas sampling is done every 15 minutes intervals for 90 minutes. The reactivity study was conducted in the kinetically controlled by the heterogeneous reaction between solid carbon from the char and a gas phase reagent. Two theoretical models were tested to fit the experimental data and the kinetic parameters were determined. It was found that an increase in temperature enhances the reaction rate and also the formation of H2, CO, CH4, and CO2. The results show that higher temperature contributes to more hydrogen production The gasification kinetics was suitably described by the Random Pore Model. Activation energy determination of char gasification reactions by using Arrhenius graph.

Immobilization of α-amylase onto K-10 montmorillonite: characterization and comparison of activity in a batch and a fixed-bed reactor

Clay Minerals ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sanjay ◽  
S. Sugunan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
Improved Stability

Abstractα-amylase was immobilized on acid-activated montmorillonite K-10 via adsorption and covalent linkage. The immobilized enzymes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area measurements, 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface area measurements indicate pore blockage due to linking of the enzyme in the vicinity of the pore mouth. The XRD demonstrates intercalation of enzyme upon immobilization. The NMR studies indicate that, during adsorption, tetrahedral Al sites are involved, while covalent binding occurs exclusively on the octahedral Al sites. The SEM images depict the changed morphology of the clay surface due to immobilization. The efficiency of immobilized enzymes for starch hydrolysis was tested in a batch and a fixed-bed reactor and the performances were compared. The immobilized α-amylase showed a broad pH profile and improved stability characteristics in both reactor types when compared to the free enzyme. The effectiveness factor increased in the fixed-bed reactor, implying that diffusional restrictions to mass transfer operate in the heterogeneous reaction and the use of a fixed-bed reactor leads to a reduction in these diffusional resistances. In the continuous run, 100% initial activity was maintained for 72 h, and after 96 h, >80% activity was retained.

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