scholarly journals High Prevalence of the CD14-159CC Genotype in Patients Infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1644-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang F. Yuan ◽  
Ingrid Boehm ◽  
Paul K. S. Chan ◽  
Katherine Marks ◽  
Julian W. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cd14 Gene

ABSTRACT To investigate whether genetic factors of innate immunity might influence susceptibility and/or progression in individuals infected with SARS, we evaluated the CD14 gene polymorphism in 198 Hong Kong blood donors and 152 Hong Kong severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients who were previously genotyped for FcγRIIA polymorphisms. The prevalence of the CD14-159CC polymorphism was significantly higher in the patients with severe SARS than in the those with mild SARS or controls (31% versus 15% [mild SARS] or 20% [controls]; mild SARS: P = 0.029; odds ratio, 2.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 6.57; controls, P = 0.04; odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 5.54), and both CD14-159CC and FcγRIIA-RR131 are risk genotypes for severe SARS-CoV infection.

Tuberculin Skin Testing Among Healthcare Workers in the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 584-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian-HuatTan ◽  
Adeeba Kamarulzaman ◽  
Chong-Kin Iiam ◽  
Toong-Chow Lee
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The University

Objectives:To determine the occupational risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) and to examine the utility of tuberculin skin testing in a developing country with a high prevalence of bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination.Design:Tuberculin skin test (TST) survey.Setting:A tertiary-care referral center and a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Participants:HCWs from medical, surgical, and orthopedic wards.Intervention:Tuberculin purified protein derivative RT-23 (State Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used for the TST (Mantoux method).Results:One hundred thirty-seven (52.1%) and 69 (26.2%) of the HCWs tested had indurations of 10 mm or greater and 15 mm or greater, respectively. Medical ward HCWs were at significantly higher risk of a positive TST reaction than were surgical or orthopedic ward HCWs (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.33 to 3.57; P = .002 for TST positivity at 10 mm or greater) (odds ratio, 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.44 to 4.70; P = .002 for TST positivity at 15 mm or greater). A previous TST was a significant risk factor for a positive TST reaction at either 10 mm or greater or 15 mm or greater, but a duration of employment of more than 1 year and being a nurse were only significantly associated with a positive TST reaction at a cut-off point of 15 mm or greater.Conclusions:HCWs at the University of Malaya Medical Centre had an increased risk for M. tuberculosis infection that was significantly associated with the level of occupational tuberculosis exposure. A TST cut-off point of 15 mm or greater may correlate better with M. tuberculosis infection than a cut-off point of 10 mm or greater in settings with a high prevalence of bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:584-590).

Ergonomic practices and musculoskeletal disorders among ophthalmologists in India: An online appraisal

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soujanya Kaup ◽  
Siddharudha Shivalli ◽  
Uma Kulkarni ◽  
Cynthia Arunachalam
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorder ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: Ergonomics in ophthalmology is neither taught during professional training nor does it readily receive consideration or priority in clinical practice. Owing to a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among ophthalmologists, ergonomic awareness, and practices are vital in averting this modern epidemic. Objective: To assess the ergonomic practices and prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal disorders among ophthalmologists in India. Method: An online survey was conducted among ophthalmologists who were registered with the All India Ophthalmological Society of India using a pre-tested and validated questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal disorder in the 377 participants was 75.3% (284; 95% confidence interval: 70.6–79.5). Low back pain (149, 52.9%) was the most commonly reported symptom. Musculoskeletal disorder–attributed productivity loss was reported by 58.45% (166) of the respondents. Musculoskeletal disorder was most frequently associated with less than 10 years of work experience (odds ratio: 1.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–1.3, p = 0.01) and lack of good clinic (odds ratio: 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.7, p = 0.03) and operation room ergonomic practices (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.9, p = 0.03). Only 27.9% (105) of the respondents had accessed information related to ergonomics in ophthalmic practice. Conclusion: The self-reported musculoskeletal disorder among ophthalmologists in India is quite high and significant enough to cause some degree of productivity loss. It is thus imperative to emphasize the implementation of good ergonomic practices, especially among relatively young ophthalmologists.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in blood donors located in three different federal states, Germany, March to June 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Fischer ◽  
Cornelius Knabbe ◽  
Tanja Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Federal States ◽  
German Federal States

Most cases of coronavirus disease 2019 are mild or asymptomatic. Therefore, many cases remain unrecorded. We determined seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 3,186 regular blood donors in three German federal states between 9 March and 3 June 2020. The IgG seroprevalence was 0.91% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58–1.24) overall, ranging from 0.66% (95% CI: 0.13–1.19) in Hesse to 1.22% (95% CI: 0.33–2.10) in Lower-Saxony.

Meta-analysis update of association between dopamine transporter SLC6A3 gene polymorphism and smoking cessation

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1250-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Duck Choi ◽  
Wan Gyoon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Genetic Variations

The SLC6A3 gene is involved in the dopamine pathway, which influences smoking behavior. This study was conducted to present updated results of a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between SLC6A3 polymorphism and smoking cessation. In total, eight studies were assessed, and 9-repeat alleles and no 9-repeat alleles were compared by smoking cessation outcomes. No significant association between SLC6A3 genotype and smoking cessation was observed for the main analysis (odds ratio = 1.128; 95% confidence interval = 0.981–1.298). In conclusion, the genetic variations in SLC6A3 are not associated with smoking cessation, which is not consistent with the results of the previous meta-analysis.

scholarly journals Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and relative hypoparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1546-1552
Author(s):  
E Fernández ◽  
J Fibla ◽  
A Betriu ◽  
J M Piulats ◽  
J Almirall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Healthy Control

To study the influence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism on parathyroid cell function in chronic renal failure, 85 patients who had serum PTH levels <12 pmol/L (the low intact PTH [iPTH] group) and 46 patients who had serum iPTH levels >60 pmol/L (the high iPTH group) were selected out of a total dialysis population of 170 individuals. As a result of subsequent exclusions based on several criteria in both groups (diabetic patients, serum aluminum levels, serum calcium levels, and time on dialysis), the final low iPTH group consisted of 34 patients and the final high iPTH included 32 patients. A healthy control population (n = 120) and 162 of the 170-patient dialysis population served as control groups. VDR gene polymorphism was determined by digestion with the BsmI enzyme and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR amplified fragments. Serum iPTH levels were lower in patients with the BB genotype than in those with the Bb or bb genotype, both in the total dialysis population and when the various exclusion criteria were applied. No differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies were found between the healthy control population and the high iPTH group. However, the genotypic distribution was significantly different in the low iPTH group of patients before and after applying all exclusion criteria (P = 0.037 and P = 0.018, respectively). In the final selected population, the bb genotype was less frequent in the low iPTH group than in the total dialysis population (14.7% versus 36.4%; odds ratio, 0.3; confidence interval, 0.11 to 0.82; P = 0.01). Conversely, the BB genotype was over-represented in the low iPTH group (23.3% versus 19.7%; odds ratio, 1.9; confidence interval, 0.85 to 4.3; P = 0.1). In addition, the bb genotype and the b allele frequencies were lower in the low iPTH group than in the high iPTH group (14.7% versus 34.4%, P = 0.06, and 41.2% versus 60.9%, P = 0.02, respectively), and the BB genotype and the B allele were significantly more frequent in the low PTH group than in the high iPTH group (32.3% versus 12.5%, P = 0.05, and 58.8% versus 39.1%, P = 0.02, respectively). Thus, VDR gene polymorphism influences parathyroid function in chronic renal failure.

Prevalence of Unexplained Upper Abdominal Symptoms in Patients with Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kurth ◽  
G Holtmann ◽  
J Neufang-Hüber ◽  
G Gerken ◽  
H-C Diener
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Upper Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
Disease Questionnaire

Patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders frequently report migraine. We aimed to determine the prevalence of idiopathic upper abdominal symptoms in patients with migraine and compare it with a control population of healthy blood donors. We assessed abdominal symptoms using the Bowel Disease Questionnaire in a series of 488 consecutive blood donors without migraine and 99 patients with migraine. Upper abdominal symptoms were reported by 38% [95% confidence interval (CI) 32, 44] of blood donors compared with 81% (67, 91, P < 0.001) of migraine patients. Of the blood donors, 23% (18, 28) reported frequent dyspepsia compared with 60% (44, 74, P < 0.001) of the migraine patients. Migraine was associated with frequent upper abdominal symptoms (odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.2, 6.1) after adjusting for age, gender, smoking and consumption of analgesics and alcohol. Upper abdominal symptoms are significantly more frequent in patients with migraine compared with healthy controls. The association between migraine and idiopathic upper abdominal symptoms may suggest common pathophysio-logical mechanisms.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Kenyan blood donors

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 371 (6524) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Uyoga ◽  
Ifedayo M. O. Adetifa ◽  
Henry K. Karanja ◽  
James Nyagwange ◽  
James Tuju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Case Based

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Africa is poorly described. The first case of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya was reported on 12 March 2020, and an overwhelming number of cases and deaths were expected, but by 31 July 2020, there were only 20,636 cases and 341 deaths. However, the extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the community remains unknown. We determined the prevalence of anti–SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G among blood donors in Kenya in April–June 2020. Crude seroprevalence was 5.6% (174 of 3098). Population-weighted, test-performance-adjusted national seroprevalence was 4.3% (95% confidence interval, 2.9 to 5.8%) and was highest in urban counties Mombasa (8.0%), Nairobi (7.3%), and Kisumu (5.5%). SARS-CoV-2 exposure is more extensive than indicated by case-based surveillance, and these results will help guide the pandemic response in Kenya and across Africa.

Risk Factors of Childhood and Maternal Anemia in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Nkechi G. Onyeneho ◽  
Benjamin C. Ozumba ◽  
Malgorzata Chalupowski ◽  
SV Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Maternal Anemia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nutritional Problem ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Childhood Anemia ◽  
Health Related

Anemia is a common nutritional problem, and it has a remarkably high prevalence rate in Southeast Asia. We analyzed a sample of 112,714 mothers aged 15 to 49 years and their children younger than 5 years from the 2005–2006 Indian National Fertility and Health Survey with available data on anemia to determine the anemia statuses and risk factors associated with maternal and childhood anemia. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with anemia. The overall prevalence of maternal anemia was 52.0%, while the overall prevalence of childhood anemia was 66.7%. Predictors of maternal anemia are a young age ( p < .001), maternal health practices ( p < .001), and reproductive health-related infections ( p < .001), among others. On the other hand, predictors of childhood anemia included iron deficiency ( p = .007), vitamin deficiency ( p = .003), and common infections ( p = .008). Other predictors of childhood anemia included poor dietary intake ( p < .01) and childcare practices ( p < .001). Childcare practice has the strongest association with childhood anemia with an odds ratio of 1.67 (95% confidence interval [1.55, 1.79]). With respect to maternal anemia, the strongest risk factor was being infected with reproductive health infections with an odds ratio of 1.157 (95% confidence interval [1.11, 1.21]). Interventions designed to address prevalence of childhood and maternal anemia in India should take the risk factors in a holistic manner. A multifactorial framework should guide such interventions.

scholarly journals Ratio Format Shapes Health Decisions: The Practical Significance of the “1-in-X” Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Sirota ◽  
Marie Juanchich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Medical Communication ◽  
Health Decisions ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Perceived Probability

Prior research found that “1-in-X” ratios led to higher and less accurate subjective probability than “N-in-X*N” ratios or other formats, even though they featured the same mathematical information. It is unclear, however, whether the effect transfers into health decisions, and the practical significance of the effect is undetermined. Based on previous findings and risk communication theories, we hypothesized that the 1-in-X effect would occur and transfer into relevant decisions. We also tested whether age, gender, and education differences would moderate the 1-in-X effect on decision making. We conducted 3 well-powered experiments ( n = 1912) using a sample from the general adult UK population to test our hypotheses, estimated the effect, and excluded a possible methodological explanation for such a transfer. In hypothetical scenarios, participants decided whether to travel to Kenya given the chance of contracting malaria (experiment 1) and whether to take recommended steroids given the side effects (experiments 2 and 3). Across the experiments, we replicated a small to medium 1-in-X effect on the perceived probability (Hedge’s g = −0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.47 to −0.24; z = −6.18; P < 0.001) and found a small effect on subsequent decisions (odds ratio = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10−1.59; z = 2.99; P = 0.003). The perceived probability fully mediated the effect of the ratio format on decision. Age, gender, and education did not moderate the 1-in-X effect on decision. We argue that a high prevalence of 1-in-X ratios in medical communication makes these small changes clinically relevant. Therefore, to communicate information accurately, 1-in-X ratios should not be used or at least used cautiously in medical communication.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Receptor Gene FokI Polymorphism Contributes to Increasing the Risk of Tuberculosis: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Yunxia Li ◽  
Fei Wen ◽  
Zhaofen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Purpose In the present study, we explored the link between vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI gene polymorphisms with tuberculosis(TB). Methods Based on a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Elsevier Science Direct, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and Chongqing VIP databases, we searched case-control study on FokI gene polymor-phism and TB susceptivity. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature and extracted data, and R 4.0.5 software was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Among the 243 selected articles, 35 in the meta analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the FokI gene polymorphism allene gene model(f vs F, Odds ratio=1.22,95% confidence interval:1.11-1.36); dominant model (ff+fF vs F, Odds ratio=1.29,95% confidence interval:1.13-1.47); recessive model(ff vs fF+FF, Odds ratio=1.31,95% confidence interval:1.09-1.56); codominant (ff vs FF, Odds ra-tio=1.48,95% confidence interval:1.19-1.83); codominant(fF vs FF, Odds ratio=1.23,95% confidence interval:1.09-1.39). The meta-analysis indicates a high level of heterogeneity between the VDR FokI gene polymorphism and TB and the race is a source of heterogeneity in the results. Conclusion The present update meta-analysis suggest that FokI gene polymorphism is significantly associated with an increased risk of TB.

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