An agglutinate magnetic spray transforms inanimate objects into millirobots for biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (48) ◽  
pp. eabc8191
Author(s):  
Xiong Yang ◽  
Wanfeng Shang ◽  
Haojian Lu ◽  
Yanting Liu ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Magnetic Film ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Minimalist Approach ◽  
Catheter Navigation ◽  
Original Size

Millirobots that can adapt to unstructured environments, operate in confined spaces, and interact with a diverse range of objects would be desirable for exploration and biomedical applications. The continued development of millirobots, however, requires simple and scalable fabrication techniques. Here, we propose a minimalist approach to construct millirobots by coating inanimate objects with a composited agglutinate magnetic spray. Our approach enables a variety of one-dimensional (1D), 2D, or 3D objects to be covered with a thin magnetically drivable film (~100 to 250 micrometers in thickness). The film is thin enough to preserve the original size, morphology, and structure of the objects while providing actuation of up to hundreds of times its own weight. Under the actuation of a magnetic field, our millirobots are able to demonstrate a range of locomotive abilities: crawling, walking, and rolling. Moreover, we can reprogram and disintegrate the magnetic film on our millirobots on demand. We leverage these abilities to demonstrate biomedical applications, including catheter navigation and drug delivery.

Understanding Microdroplet Formations for Biomedical Applications

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salil Desai ◽  
Anthony Moore ◽  
Benjamin Harrison ◽  
Jagannathan Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Tissue Scaffolds ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Drop On Demand

This paper focuses on understanding microdroplet formation of sodium alginate biopolymer at various concentrations utilizing drop-on-demand inkjet technology. We investigate the effect of sodium chloride on the rheology of sodium alginate and derive a correlation between the size of the droplet versus the size of the microcapsules formed. Varying sizes of microcapsules are formed based on different concentrations of calcium chloride solvent. This understanding will give insight for fabricating drug delivery capsules and tissue scaffolds that are subject to extreme ambient conditions when interfaced with in-vivo environments.

scholarly journals The nonlinear electromigration of analytes into confined spaces

2012 ◽  
Vol 468 (2146) ◽  
pp. 3139-3152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Sandip Ghosal
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Background Electrolyte ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Wave Shape ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Sample Concentration ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Electrokinetic Injection ◽  
Sudden Contraction ◽  
Uniform Background

We consider the problem of electromigration of a sample ion (analyte) within a uniform background electrolyte when the confining channel undergoes a sudden contraction. One example of such a situation arises in microfluidics in the electrokinetic injection of the analyte into a micro-capillary from a reservoir of much larger size. Here, the sample concentration propagates as a wave driven by the electric field. The dynamics is governed by the Nerst–Planck–Poisson system of equations for ionic transport. A reduced one-dimensional nonlinear equation, describing the evolution of the sample concentration, is derived. We integrate this equation numerically to obtain the evolution of the wave shape and determine how the injected mass depends on the sample concentration in the reservoir. It is shown that due to the nonlinear coupling of the ionic concentrations and the electric field, the concentration of the injected sample could be substantially less than the concentration of the sample in the reservoir.

scholarly journals The Use of Hydrazones for Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Wahbeh ◽  
Sarah Milkowski
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Many

The use of hydrazones presents an opportunity for enhancing drug delivery through site-specific drug release, including areas such as tumor tissue or thrombosis. Many researchers are experimenting on how to more efficiently form these hydrazones, specifically using heat and chemical catalysts. Hydrazones respond on the pH environment or are synthesized with particular functional groups of the hydrazone and are two of the many unique features that allow for their programmed drug release. Their flexibility allows them to be relevant in a diverse range of applications, from anti-inflammatory to anticancer to acting as a chelating agent. This review paper discusses efficient ways to optimize the properties of hydrazones and their utilization in various clinical applications, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, the prevention of platelet aggregation, and roles as chelating agents.

Synthesis of one-dimensional metallic sulfur inside the nano-confined spaces of carbon nanotubes

TANSO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (260) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Fujimori ◽  
Katsumi Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Confined Spaces

Recoverable Bismuth-Based Microrobots: Capture, Transport, and On-Demand Release of Heavy Metals and an Anticancer Drug in Confined Spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 13359-13369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mohsen Beladi-Mousavi ◽  
Bahareh Khezri ◽  
Ludmila Krejčová ◽  
Zbyněk Heger ◽  
Zdeněk Sofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
On Demand

scholarly journals An Overview of the Algae-Mediated Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1498
Author(s):  
Rimsha Chaudhary ◽  
Khadija Nawaz ◽  
Amna Komal Khan ◽  
Christophe Hano ◽  
Bilal Haider Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Metal

Algae have long been exploited commercially and industrially as food, feed, additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizer, but now the trend is shifting towards the algae-mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). This trend is increasing day by day, as algae are a rich source of secondary metabolites, easy to cultivate, have fast growth, and are scalable. In recent era, green synthesis of NPs has gained widespread attention as a safe, simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly protocol. The secondary metabolites from algae reduce, cap, and stabilize the metal precursors to form metal, metal oxide, or bimetallic NPs. The NPs synthesis could either be intracellular or extracellular depending on the location of NPs synthesis and reducing agents. Among the diverse range of algae, the most widely investigated algae for the biosynthesis of NPs documented are brown, red, blue-green, micro and macro green algae. Due to the biocompatibility, safety and unique physico-chemical properties of NPs, the algal biosynthesized NPs have also been studied for their biomedical applications, which include anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancerous, anti-fouling, bioremediation, and biosensing activities. In this review, the rationale behind the algal-mediated biosynthesis of metallic, metallic oxide, and bimetallic NPs from various algae have been reviewed. Furthermore, an insight into the mechanism of biosynthesis of NPs from algae and their biomedical applications has been reviewed critically.

Fate and Applications of Superporous Hydrogel Systems: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-341
Author(s):  
Vikas Jhawat ◽  
Monika Gulia ◽  
Balaji Maddiboyina ◽  
Rohit Dutt ◽  
Sumeet Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug ◽  
The Media ◽  
Original Size ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Control

Hydrogels are a class of biomaterial that can “take in” large quantities of aqueous media and swells many times larger than its original size without dissolving in the media. SPHs are a new generation of hydrogels containing a 3D network of cross-linked polymers having pore size more than 100 μm as compared to 10 nm to 10 μm pores of conventional gels. These are more complex in nature than conventional hydrogels and prepared by using a suitable blend of monomers and different additives. SPHs have been extensively employed in sustained and control drug delivery systems along with many recent biomedical applications such as in tissue engineering, immunotherapy, arthritis and ophthalmic drug delivery. Scientists are constantly working on improving the features and properties of SPHs to enable them more suitable for therapeutic and biomedical applications. The present study briefly reviews the composition, evaluation and applications of SPHs in different areas. Applications are facilitated by the fact that SPHs are generally biocompatible in nature and resemble natural living tissue more than any other class of synthetic biomaterial.

scholarly journals 3D Bioprinted Nanocellulose-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Brief Review

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandya S. Athukoralalage ◽  
Rajkamal Balu ◽  
Naba K. Dutta ◽  
Namita Roy Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Cell Support

Nanocellulosic materials, such as cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and bacterial nanocellulose, that display high surface area, mechanical strength, biodegradability, and tunable surface chemistry have attracted great attention over the last decade for biomedical applications. Simultaneously, 3D printing is revolutionizing the field of biomedical engineering, which enables the fast and on-demand printing of customizable scaffolds, tissues, and organs. Nanocellulosic materials hold tremendous potential for 3D bioprinting due to their printability, their shear thinning behavior, their ability to live cell support and owing to their excellent biocompatibility. The amalgamation of nanocellulose-based feedstocks and 3D bioprinting is therefore of critical interest for the development of advanced functional 3D hydrogels. In this context, this review briefly discusses the most recent key developments and challenges in 3D bioprinting nanocellulose-based hydrogel constructs that have been successfully tested for mammalian cell viability and used in tissue engineering applications.

Metal oxide patterns of one-dimensional nanofibers: on-demand, direct-write fabrication, and application as a novel platform for gas detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (43) ◽  
pp. 24919-24928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeorei Lim ◽  
Young-Moo Jo ◽  
Ji-Wook Yoon ◽  
Jong-Heun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Gas Detection ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Potential Applications

On-demand, direct-write fabrication of metal oxide patterns composed of one-dimensional nanofibers using near-field electrospinning is demonstrated and their formation mechanism as well as potential applications are investigated.

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