Derivational Syntax: a Minimalist Approach to Affixation in Bahasa Indonesia Predicates

<p>This thesis focuses on verbal phrase aspect (vP-aspect) in Bahasa Indonesia (BI). In BI, vP-aspect is morphologically marked on the predicate. I claim that the sufiix -kan marks an aspect, which I refer to as kan-aspect, indicating that the object undergoes change. This is in a stark contrast with i-aspect, where the object is stationary and unchanged. The analysis is based on the notion that the semantics and syntax of a predicate should be analysed within the vP (for instance, Tenny 1987, 1994, Chomsky 1995, Arad 1998, Croft 1998, among others), with the core argument determining the aspectual property of an event structure (Tenny 1987, Arad 1998, Ritter and Rosen 1998). Since this thesis proposes to take into account the -kan and -i distinction as an important aspect in the analysis, the structural location of the two suffixes will take centre stage. This has not been done in the literature on BI that looks at these derivational suffixes. This thesis further develops the analysis beyond verb phrases: it takes into account the syntax of Voice Phrase of sentence structures that include (temporal) Aspect Phrase, Wh-extractions, and Relative Clauses.</p>

Derivational Syntax: a Minimalist Approach to Affixation in Bahasa Indonesia Predicates

<p>This thesis focuses on verbal phrase aspect (vP-aspect) in Bahasa Indonesia (BI). In BI, vP-aspect is morphologically marked on the predicate. I claim that the sufiix -kan marks an aspect, which I refer to as kan-aspect, indicating that the object undergoes change. This is in a stark contrast with i-aspect, where the object is stationary and unchanged. The analysis is based on the notion that the semantics and syntax of a predicate should be analysed within the vP (for instance, Tenny 1987, 1994, Chomsky 1995, Arad 1998, Croft 1998, among others), with the core argument determining the aspectual property of an event structure (Tenny 1987, Arad 1998, Ritter and Rosen 1998). Since this thesis proposes to take into account the -kan and -i distinction as an important aspect in the analysis, the structural location of the two suffixes will take centre stage. This has not been done in the literature on BI that looks at these derivational suffixes. This thesis further develops the analysis beyond verb phrases: it takes into account the syntax of Voice Phrase of sentence structures that include (temporal) Aspect Phrase, Wh-extractions, and Relative Clauses.</p>

From non-conscious processing to conscious events: a minimalist approach

The minimalist approach that we develop here is a framework that allows to appreciate how non-conscious processing and conscious contents shape human cognition, broadly defined. It is composed of three simple principles. First, cognitive processes are inherently non-conscious, while their inputs and (interim) outputs may be consciously experienced. Second, non-conscious processes and elements of the cognitive architecture prioritize information for conscious experiences. Third, conscious events are composed of series of conscious contents and non-conscious processes, with increased duration leading to more opportunity for processing. The narrowness of conscious experiences is conceptualized here as a solution to the problem of channeling the plethora of non-conscious processes into action and communication processes that are largely serial. The framework highlights the importance of prioritization for consciousness, and we provide an illustrative review of three main factors that shape prioritization—stimulus strength, motivational relevance and mental accessibility. We further discuss when and how this framework (i) is compatible with previous theories, (ii) enables new understandings of established findings and models, and (iii) generates new predictions and understandings.

Neonatal priapism: first reported case in South East Asia and literature review

Neonatal priapism varies significantly in aetiology and clinical course compared to older children and adults. This entity is rare and limited to case reports. Due to its rarity, management options are not well defined and this leads to variations in treatment practices. Almost all cases are idiopathic and achieve detumescence following a minimalist approach. We reported a case of neonatal priapism on day 1 of life and review the literature available.

18F-Fluorination Using Tri-Tert-Butanol Ammonium Iodide as Phase-Transfer Catalyst: An Alternative Minimalist Approach

The 18F syntheses of tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) typically require several steps, including extraction of [18F]fluoride from H2[18O]O, elution, and drying, prior to nucleophilic substitution reaction, being a laborious and time-consuming process. The elution of [18F]fluoride is commonly achieved by phase transfer catalysts (PTC) in aqueous solution, which makes azeotropic drying indispensable. The ideal PTC is characterized by a slightly basic nature, its capacity to elute [18F]fluoride with anhydrous solvents, and its efficient complex formation with [18F]fluoride during subsequent labeling. Herein, we developed tri-(tert-butanol)-methylammonium iodide (TBMA-I), a quaternary ammonium salt serving as the PTC for 18F-fluorination reactions. The favorable elution efficiency of [18F]fluoride using TBMA-I was demonstrated with aprotic and protic solvents, maintaining high 18F-recoveries of 96–99%. 18F-labeling reactions using TBMA-I as PTC were studied with aliphatic 1,3-ditosylpropane and aryl pinacol boronate esters as precursors, providing 18F-labeled products in moderate-to-high radiochemical yields. TBMA-I revealed adequate properties for application to 18F-fluorination reactions and could be used for elution of [18F]fluoride with MeOH, omitting an additional base and azeotropic drying prior to 18F-labeling. We speculate that the tert-alcohol functionality of TBMA-I promotes intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which enhances the elution efficiency and stability of [18F]fluoride during nucleophilic 18F-fluorination.

Results of Streamlining TAVR Procedure Towards a Minimalist Approach： A Single Center Experience in Taiwan

Background Trans-femoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TF-TAVR) performed under conscious sedation (LACS) is not yet become routine practice in Taiwan. We aimed to compared the results between patients received general anesthesia (GA) versus LACS. Methods Our cohort was divided into 3 groups: initial 48 patients received TF-TAVR under routine GA (GA group), subsequent 50 patients under routine LACS (LACS group 1), and recent 125 patients under LACS (LACS group 2). The baseline, procedural characteristics and all outcomes were prospectively collected and retrospectively compared. Results From Sep 2010 to July 2019, a total of 223 patients were included for The procedure time (157.6 ± 39.4 mins vs 131.6 ± 30.3 vs 95.2 ± 40.0, < 0.0001), contrast medium consumption (245.6 ± 92.6 ml vs 207.8 ± 77.9 vs 175.1 ± 64.6, < 0.0001), length of intensive care unit (2[1–5] days vs 2[1–3] vs 1[1–1], P = 0.0001) and hospital stay (9[7–13] days vs 8[6–11] vs 6 [5–9], P = 0.0001) decreased significantly with LACS, combined with a trend of less hospital acquired pneumonia (12.5% vs 6.0% vs 5.6%, P = 0.427). One-year survival rate were also different among 3 groups (83.3% vs 90.0% vs 93.6%, P = 0.053). Conclusion In our single center experience, a “minimalist” approach of TF-TAVR procedure resulted in less medical resources usage, along with more favorable clinical outcomes.