scholarly journals Ultra-large electric field–induced strain in potassium sodium niobate crystals

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (13) ◽  
pp. eaay5979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengpeng Hu ◽  
Xiangda Meng ◽  
Mao-Hua Zhang ◽  
Hao Tian ◽  
John E. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Domain Wall Motion ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Potassium Sodium Niobate ◽  
Large Signal ◽  
Compositional Gradient

Electromechanical coupling in piezoelectric materials allows direct conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa. Here, we demonstrate lead-free (KxNa1−x)NbO3 single crystals with an ultrahigh large-signal piezoelectric coefficient d33* of 9000 pm V−1, which is superior to the highest value reported in state-of-the-art lead-based single crystals (~2500 pm V−1). The enhanced electromechanical properties in our crystals are realized by an engineered compositional gradient in the as-grown crystal, allowing notable reversible non-180° domain wall motion. Moreover, our crystals exhibit temperature-insensitive strain performance within the temperature range of 25°C to 125°C. The enhanced temperature stability of the response also allows the materials to be used in a wider range of applications that exceed the temperature limits of current lead-based piezoelectric crystals.

scholarly journals Thermomechanical Effects on Electrical Energy Harvested from Laminated Piezoelectric Devices

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Pornrawee Thonapalin ◽  
Sontipee Aimmanee ◽  
Pitak Laoratanakul ◽  
Raj Das
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Devices ◽  
Thermomechanical Effects

Piezoelectric materials are used to harvest ambient mechanical energy from the environment and supply electrical energy via their electromechanical coupling property. Amongst many intensive activities of energy harvesting research, little attention has been paid to study the effect of the environmental factors on the performance of energy harvesting from laminated piezoelectric materials, especially when the temperature in the operating condition is different from the room temperature. In this work, thermomechanical effects on the electrical energy harvested from a type of laminated piezoelectric devices, known as thin layer unimorph ferroelectric driver (called THUNDER) were investigated. Three configurations of THUNDER devices were tested in a controlled temperature range of 30–80 °C. The THUNDER devices were pushed by using a cam mechanism in order to generate required displacements and frequencies. The experimental results exhibited a detrimental effect of the elevated temperature on the generated voltage and the harvested electrical power. It is due to changes in residual stress and geometry. These results are advantageous for many applications of the THUNDER devices and for future design of a new laminated piezoelectric sensor and energy harvester in an elevated temperature environment.

Fabrication Methods for Improved Electromechanical Behavior in Piezoelectric Membranes

2005 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Robinson ◽  
P.D. Hayenga ◽  
J.H. Cho ◽  
C.D. Richards ◽  
R.F. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Fabrication Technique ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Electromechanical Behavior ◽  
Pzt Films ◽  
Electrode Coverage

AbstractPiezoelectric materials convert mechanical to electrical energy under stretching and bending conditions. Optimizing the coupling conversion is imperative to the electromechanical behavior of a micromachined membrane's performance. This paper discusses analytical calculations that were devised to determine the microscale structure that minimizes residual stress and outlines the implementation of fabrication technique variations including three different electrode configurations, trenching around the membrane, and reducing the total composite residual stress of the support structure using compressive silicon oxide. Lead zirconacte titanate (PZT) films between 1 and 3 μm thick with a ratio of Zr to Ti of 40:60 were deposited onto 3 mm square silicon membranes. The total tensile stress in the composite structure reaches 100 MPa during standard fabrication processing. Utilizing analytical calculations, a structure was determined that lowered the residual stress of the composite to 11 MPa and increased the electromechanical coupling 35 times. Changing the geometry of the electrode coverage decreased the residual stress of the composite by 40%. Trenching around the membrane provided a membrane with boundary conditions that approached simply supported and decreased the composite residual stress by another 16%. A comparison of the electromechanical behavior for these structures will be discussed, showing a route towards increasing electromechanical coupling in PZT MEMS.

scholarly journals Development of Smart Shoes Using Piezoelectric Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid ◽  
Nur Insyierah Md Sarif ◽  
Khadijah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Almost All

The consumption of low-power electronic devices has increased rapidly, where almost all applications use power electronic devices. Due to the increase in portable electronic devices’ energy consumption, the piezoelectric material is proposed as one of the alternatives of the significant alternative energy harvesters. This study aims to create a prototype of “Smart Shoes” that can generate electricity using three different designs embedded by piezoelectric materials: ceramic, polymer, and a combination of both piezoelectric materials. The basic principle for smart shoes’ prototype is based on the pressure produced from piezoelectric material converted from mechanical energy into electrical energy. The piezoelectric material was placed into the shoes’ sole, and the energy produced due to the pressure from walking, jogging, and jumping was measured. The energy generated was stored in a capacitor as piezoelectric material produced a small scale of energy harvesting. The highest energy generated was produced by ceramic piezoelectric material under jumping activity, which was 1.804 mJ. Polymer piezoelectric material produced very minimal energy, which was 55.618 mJ. The combination of both piezoelectric materials produced energy, which was 1.805 mJ from jumping activity.

Piezoelectricity in two-dimensional aluminum, boron and Janus aluminum-boron monochalcogenide monolayers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Choopani ◽  
Mustafa Menderes Alyoruk
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Phonon Dispersion ◽  
Electronic Band Structure ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Electronic Band ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract Piezoelectricity is a property of a material that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa. It is known that group-III monochalcogenides, including GaS, GaSe, and InSe, show piezoelectricity in their monolayer form. Piezoelectric coefficients of these monolayers are the same order of magnitude as the previously discovered two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials such as boron nitride (BN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers. Considering a series of monolayer monochalcogenide structures including boron and aluminum (MX, M =B, Al, X = O, S, Se, Te), we design a series of derivative Janus structures (AlBX2, X = O, S, Se, Te). Ab-initio density functional theory (DFT) and density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) calculations are carried out systematically to predict their structural, electronic, electromechanical and phonon dispersion properties. The electronic band structure analysis indicate that all these 2D materials are semiconductors. The absence of imaginary phonon frequencies in phonon dispersion curves demonstrate that the systems are dynamically stable. In addition, this study shows that these materials exhibit outstanding piezoelectric properties. For AlBO2 monolayer with the relaxed-ion piezoelectric coefficients, d11=15.89(15.87) pm/V and d31=0.52(0.44) pm/V, the strongest piezoelectric properties were obtained. It has large in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficients that are comparable to or larger than those of previously reported non-Janus monolayer structures such as MoS2 and GaSe, and also Janus monolayer structures including: In2SSe, Te2Se, MoSeTe, InSeO, SbTeI, and ZrSTe. These results, together with the fact that a lot of similar 2D systems have been synthesized so far, demonstrate the great potential of these materials in nanoscale electromechanical applications.

Control of Structural Vibration Using Shunt Piezoelectric Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Qi Bo Mao
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Switching Circuit ◽  
Structural Vibration Control ◽  
Pulse Switching ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Base Structure ◽  
Shunt Circuit

In this study, structural vibration control using semi-active shunt piezoelectric damping circuits is presented. A piezoelectric patch with an electrical shunt circuit is bonded to a base structure. When the structure vibrates, the piezoelectric patch strains and transforms the mechanical energy of the structure into electrical energy, which can be effectively dissipated by the shunt circuit. Hence, the shunt circuit acts as a means of extracting mechanical energy from the base structure. In this study, a pulse-switching circuit is imposed as the semi-active shunt piezoelectric damping to reduce the structural vibration. The switch-law for the pulse-switching circuit is discussed in detail, and the detailed numerical calculations are given and discussed. It is found that the pulse-switching circuit is more stable than passive piezoelectric circuit (such as RL series circuit) with regard to structural stiffness variations.

Recent advances in flexible PVDF based piezoelectric polymer devices for energy harvesting applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2096605
Author(s):  
Sunija Sukumaran ◽  
Samir Chatbouri ◽  
Didier Rouxel ◽  
Etienne Tisserand ◽  
Frédéric Thiebaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Research Activities

Energy harvesting is one of the most promising research areas to produce sustainable power sources from the ambient environment. Which found applications to attain the extensive lifetime self-powered operations of various devices such as MEMS wireless sensors, medical implants and wearable electronic devices. Piezoelectric nanogenerators can efficiently convert the vastly available mechanical energy into electrical energy to meet the requirements of low-powered electronic devices. Among the piezoelectric materials, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers are extensively studied for the development of energy harvesting devices. Due to the outstanding properties such as high flexibility, ease of processing, long-term stability, biocompatibility makes them a promising candidate for piezoelectric generators. Nevertheless, compared to piezoceramic materials, PVDF based generators produce lower piezoresponse. Over the last decades, tremendous research activities have been reported to endorse the performance of PVDF based energy harvesters. This review article mainly focused on the recent progress in the performance improvement with processing methods, piezoelectric materials, different filler loading. The new developments and design structures will lead to an increase in piezoelectricity, alignment of dipoles, dielectric properties and subsequently enhance the output performance of the device. Electronic circuits play a vital role in energy harvesting to efficiently collect the developed charge from the device. Here, we have proposed a detailed description of the electronic circuits. Also, in the application part deals with the recent progress in flexible, biomedical and hybrid generators based on PVDF polymers.

Electrical Energy from Vibration of a Washing Machine

2014 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 349-353
Author(s):  
Bambang Daryanto Wonoyudo ◽  
Theduard Febrawi
Keyword(s):  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
Direct Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Type Transducer

Piezoelectric materials can produce electricity when they are subjected to dynamic strain. In this paper, the development of a mechanism using a piezoelectric element for harvesting energy from a washing machine is reported. The device was in the form of a cantilever type transducer, using simple components. The main aim of the work is to give a practical implementation of the conversion of mechanical energy by using direct piezoelectric effect. Experimental results showed that, in average, the operation of the washing machine could generate 1.87 mV for a stainless steel cantilever beam and 1.46 mV for an aluminum cantilever beam.

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Direct Mechanical to Electrical Energy Harvesting Cycle in Ferroelectric Crystals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Factor ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Ferroelectric Crystals ◽  
Mechanical Cycling

Field induced phase transformations in ferroelectric crystals occur when the applied electrical or mechanical load exceeds a certain threshold. Mechanical cycling about these transformation field thresholds under varying open and closed circuit conditions has been shown to yield a near ideal mechanical to electrical energy harvesting technique. Numerical integration of experimentally measured stress – strain and electric field – electric displacement data has shown mechanical to electrical energy conversion efficiency near 60% for 0.24PIN-0.44PMN-0.32PT. In this work, the total irreversible energy is determined by the offset between the forward and reverse loading paths, equivalent to the hysteresis in the phase transformation behavior. This is equal to the available mechanical energy for conversion to electrical energy for harvesting. Following the ideal mechanical to electrical energy harvesting procedure, the total possible energy harvested is a direct function of the hysteresis area in the phase transformation and the electromechanical coupling factor. Efficiency is predicted to be equal to the electromechanical coupling factor, 0.596 (59.6%). Predicted results agree with experimental data from numerical integration. Energy densities are calculated up to 5 kJ/m3 with potential power densities of 102–103 kW/m3.

scholarly journals Piezoelectric Nanogenerators based on Pvdf-Hfp/Zno Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites for Self-Powering Devices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Abdulgader Abdul-kareem ◽  
Noura AlSanari ◽  
Amal Daifallah ◽  
Radwa Mohamed ◽  
Jolly Bhadra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources

Due to the rising global concern over energy catastrophe and environmental issues, attention has been diverted towards future energy. In recent times, rechargeable power and renewable energy sources have been considered as an attractive substitute for resolving the future environmental problems. Among them, mechanical energy is one of the most abundant energy sources, and easily transformable to other useful energy forms, such as electrical energy. For such purposes, piezoelectric materials with ability to convert the mechanical energy generated by various activities into electrical energy. In this research work, we have investigated the morphology, structure and piezoelectric performances of neat polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), PVDF-HFP/ZnO, PVDFHFP/ Mesoporous silica, PVDF-HFP 1% and PVDF-HFP 3% ZnO-Mesoporous silica nanofibers, fabricated by electrospinning. Both SEM and TEM images of ZnO nanoparticles shows formation of uniform flake of about 5nm diameter and Mesoporous silica shows uniform spherical morphology with average diameter of 5 μm. EDX plot justifies the presences of Zn, O and Si. An increase in the amount of crystalline β-phase of PVDF-HFP has been observed with the introduction of ZnO and mesoporous silica in the PVDF-HFP matrix are observed in FTIR spectra. All the XRD peaks observed in neat PVDF has the strongest intensity compared to rest of the other XRD peaks of polymer nanocomposite. The XRD spectra of all the nanocomposites have peaks at 17.8°, 18.6° correspond to α- crystalline phase, the peaks observed at 19°, 20.1° correspond to the γ- crystalline phase, and the peak at 20.6° corresponds to the β- crystalline phase. The flexible nanogenerator manipulated from the polymer nanocomposite with 1% ZnO-Mesoporous silica exhibits an output voltage as high as 2 V compared with the neat PVDF-HFP sample (~120 mV). These results indicate that the investigated nanocomposite is appropriate for fabricating various flexible and wearable self-powered electrical devices and systems.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Voltage, Current and Power Produced in a Piezoelectric System from Human Foot Beats

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Godwin Chukwunonyelum Nworji ◽  
Peter Uchenna Okoye ◽  
Uche V. Okpala ◽  
Ngozi Agatha Okereke
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Rechargeable Battery ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
In Series ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Lead Acid

Aims: This study analysed and compared the amount of voltage, current and power generated in a piezoelectric system from human foot beats. Study Design: The study was an experimental study which made use of piezoelectric materials together with human loads (weights) from the foot beats of dancers in a dance club, and connected to a rechargeable battery and multimeter. In this system, mechanical deformation was expected to cause conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy which can be stored in a rechargeable lead acid battery for future use. Place and Duration of Study: Awka Anambra State, Nigeria, between November 2018 and February 2020. Methodology: A sheet of plywood measuring 300 mm x 300 mm x 3 mm thick was placed on a hard wooden board of 300 mm x 300 mm x 25 mm thickwhere twelve piezoelectric sensors were connected in series with foam spring inserted as separators and to aid in returning after deformation. As the dancers step on the platform, multimetr was used to take the voltage and current readings while at the output point Lead acid rechargeable battery could be connected at the output point to store energy generated in the system and orLight Emitting Diodes (LED) and Universal Serial Bus (USB) outputs. Results: The result revealed that the amount of voltage, current and power generated in the system were principally dependent on the load (weight of dancers in kg). In this case, 1 foot beat of an average 50 kg dancer generated an average of 0.555 mV and 0.063 mA respectively. Whereas, 60 kg and 80 kg dancers generated 0.668 mV and 0.838 mV respectively, and 0.081 mA and 0.087 mA respectively. It further showed that at constant number of foot beats, the amount of voltage, current and power increases as the weight of dancer increases and the lesser the weight the more number of foot beats required to generate the same quantity of electricity. In this case, 100 foot beats of a 50 kg, 60 kg and 80 kg dancer generated 55.5 mV, 66.8 mV, and 84,1 mV of voltage; 6.3 mA, 8.2 mA, and 8.8 mA of current and 349.65 mW, 544.42 mW and 740.08 mW of power respectively. Conclusion: Implicitly, this system has the potential of alleviating the problem of electricity supply and meeting of vision 2030 Sustainable Development Goals for electricity mix in Nigeria. However, it is mostly required where there are high volumes of human traffic and places that consume minimal amount of electricity, since it usually generates very small amount of energy. In view of this, there is need for a more robust research in this area and increase genuine interest in alternative and sustainable energy research by the Nigerian government.

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