scholarly journals Thermomechanical Effects on Electrical Energy Harvested from Laminated Piezoelectric Devices

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Pornrawee Thonapalin ◽  
Sontipee Aimmanee ◽  
Pitak Laoratanakul ◽  
Raj Das
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Devices ◽  
Thermomechanical Effects

Piezoelectric materials are used to harvest ambient mechanical energy from the environment and supply electrical energy via their electromechanical coupling property. Amongst many intensive activities of energy harvesting research, little attention has been paid to study the effect of the environmental factors on the performance of energy harvesting from laminated piezoelectric materials, especially when the temperature in the operating condition is different from the room temperature. In this work, thermomechanical effects on the electrical energy harvested from a type of laminated piezoelectric devices, known as thin layer unimorph ferroelectric driver (called THUNDER) were investigated. Three configurations of THUNDER devices were tested in a controlled temperature range of 30–80 °C. The THUNDER devices were pushed by using a cam mechanism in order to generate required displacements and frequencies. The experimental results exhibited a detrimental effect of the elevated temperature on the generated voltage and the harvested electrical power. It is due to changes in residual stress and geometry. These results are advantageous for many applications of the THUNDER devices and for future design of a new laminated piezoelectric sensor and energy harvester in an elevated temperature environment.

Energy harvesting from quasi-static deformations via bilaterally constrained strips

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 3572-3581
Author(s):  
Suihan Liu ◽  
Ali Imani Azad ◽  
Rigoberto Burgueño
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Budget ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Static Conditions

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from ambient vibrations is well studied, but harvesting from quasi-static responses is not yet fully explored. The lack of attention is because quasi-static actions are much slower than the resonance frequency of piezoelectric oscillators to achieve optimal outputs; however, they can be a common mechanical energy resource: from large civil structure deformations to biomechanical motions. The recent advances in bio-micro-electro-mechanical systems and wireless sensor technologies are motivating the study of piezoelectric energy harvesting from quasi-static conditions for low-power budget devices. This article presents a new approach of using quasi-static deformations to generate electrical power through an axially compressed bilaterally constrained strip with an attached piezoelectric layer. A theoretical model was developed to predict the strain distribution of the strip’s buckled configuration for calculating the electrical energy generation. Results from an experimental investigation and finite element simulations are in good agreement with the theoretical study. Test results from a prototyped device showed that a peak output power of 1.33 μW/cm2 was generated, which can adequately provide power supply for low-power budget devices. And a parametric study was also conducted to provide design guidance on selecting the dimensions of a device based on the external embedding structure.

A parametric analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of bistable vibration-based piezoelectric energy harvesters

2020 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2096318
Author(s):  
Luã Guedes Costa ◽  
Luciana Loureiro da Silva Monteiro ◽  
Pedro Manuel Calas Lopes Pacheco ◽  
Marcelo Amorim Savi
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Harmonic Excitation ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Piezoelectric materials exhibit electromechanical coupling properties and have been gained importance over the last few decades due to their broad range of applications. Vibration-based energy harvesting systems have been proposed using the direct piezoelectric effect by converting mechanical into electrical energy. Although the great relevance of these systems, performance enhancement strategies are essential to improve the applicability of these system and have been studied substantially. This work addresses a numerical investigation of the influence of cubic polynomial nonlinearities in energy harvesting systems considering a bistable structure subjected to harmonic excitation. A deep parametric analysis is carried out employing nonlinear dynamics tools. Results show complex dynamical behaviors associated with the trigger of inter-well motion. Electrical power output and efficiency are monitored in order to evaluate the configurations associated with best system performances.

scholarly journals Hollow Piezoelectric Ceramic Fibers for Energy Harvesting Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800
Author(s):  
François M. Guillot ◽  
Haskell W. Beckham ◽  
Johannes Leisen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Electromechanical Performance ◽  
Alternative Power

In the past few years, the growing need for alternative power sources has generated considerable interest in the field of energy harvesting. A particularly exciting possibility within that field is the development of fabrics capable of harnessing mechanical energy and delivering electrical power to sensors and wearable devices. This study presents an evaluation of the electromechanical performance of hollow lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fibers as the basis for the construction of such fabrics. The fibers feature individual polymer claddings surrounding electrodes directly deposited onto both inside and outside ceramic surfaces. This configuration optimizes the amount of electrical energy available by placing the electrodes in direct contact with the surface of the material and by maximizing the active piezoelectric volume. Hollow fibers were electroded, encapsulated in a polymer cladding, poled and characterized in terms of their electromechanical properties. They were then glued to a vibrating cantilever beam equipped with a strain gauge, and their energy harvesting performance was measured. It was found that the fibers generated twice as much energy density as commercial state-of-the-art flexible composite sensors. Finally, the influence of the polymer cladding on the strain transmission to the fiber was evaluated. These fibers have the potential to be woven into fabrics that could harvest mechanical energy from the environment and could eventually be integrated into clothing.

Recent advances in flexible PVDF based piezoelectric polymer devices for energy harvesting applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2096605
Author(s):  
Sunija Sukumaran ◽  
Samir Chatbouri ◽  
Didier Rouxel ◽  
Etienne Tisserand ◽  
Frédéric Thiebaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Research Activities

Energy harvesting is one of the most promising research areas to produce sustainable power sources from the ambient environment. Which found applications to attain the extensive lifetime self-powered operations of various devices such as MEMS wireless sensors, medical implants and wearable electronic devices. Piezoelectric nanogenerators can efficiently convert the vastly available mechanical energy into electrical energy to meet the requirements of low-powered electronic devices. Among the piezoelectric materials, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers are extensively studied for the development of energy harvesting devices. Due to the outstanding properties such as high flexibility, ease of processing, long-term stability, biocompatibility makes them a promising candidate for piezoelectric generators. Nevertheless, compared to piezoceramic materials, PVDF based generators produce lower piezoresponse. Over the last decades, tremendous research activities have been reported to endorse the performance of PVDF based energy harvesters. This review article mainly focused on the recent progress in the performance improvement with processing methods, piezoelectric materials, different filler loading. The new developments and design structures will lead to an increase in piezoelectricity, alignment of dipoles, dielectric properties and subsequently enhance the output performance of the device. Electronic circuits play a vital role in energy harvesting to efficiently collect the developed charge from the device. Here, we have proposed a detailed description of the electronic circuits. Also, in the application part deals with the recent progress in flexible, biomedical and hybrid generators based on PVDF polymers.

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Direct Mechanical to Electrical Energy Harvesting Cycle in Ferroelectric Crystals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Factor ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Ferroelectric Crystals ◽  
Mechanical Cycling

Field induced phase transformations in ferroelectric crystals occur when the applied electrical or mechanical load exceeds a certain threshold. Mechanical cycling about these transformation field thresholds under varying open and closed circuit conditions has been shown to yield a near ideal mechanical to electrical energy harvesting technique. Numerical integration of experimentally measured stress – strain and electric field – electric displacement data has shown mechanical to electrical energy conversion efficiency near 60% for 0.24PIN-0.44PMN-0.32PT. In this work, the total irreversible energy is determined by the offset between the forward and reverse loading paths, equivalent to the hysteresis in the phase transformation behavior. This is equal to the available mechanical energy for conversion to electrical energy for harvesting. Following the ideal mechanical to electrical energy harvesting procedure, the total possible energy harvested is a direct function of the hysteresis area in the phase transformation and the electromechanical coupling factor. Efficiency is predicted to be equal to the electromechanical coupling factor, 0.596 (59.6%). Predicted results agree with experimental data from numerical integration. Energy densities are calculated up to 5 kJ/m3 with potential power densities of 102–103 kW/m3.

scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Study on Energy-Harvesting Piezoelectric Flags

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Xia ◽  
Sébastien Michelin ◽  
Olivier Doaré
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Flexible Plate ◽  
Critical Flow Velocity ◽  
Output Circuit ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency

Placed in a fluid flow, a cantilevered flexible plate flaps spontaneously above a critical flow velocity. The resulting self-sustained vibrations of such a flag may be used to produce electrical energy and power an output circuit using piezoelectric patches covering the flag that deforms with the flapping motion. Previous work showed only moderate harvesting efficiency with a resistive output circuit, but proposed numerous directions for improvement. We propose a numerical and experimental investigation of the coupled dynamics of such a fluid-solid-electric system, and analyze the influence of the output circuit on the dynamics and harvesting efficiency. In particular, inductive-resistive circuits are considered. Our numerical results show that such resonant circuits lead to a destabilization of the system and a spontaneous flapping at lower fluid velocities. Also they significantly increase the energy harvesting efficiency of the piezoelectric flags as a result of a frequency lock-in between the flag and the electrical circuit. Wind tunnel tests are performed with prototypes of piezoelectric flags and basic resonant circuits. We show that such circuits effectively enhance the energy harvesting performance when they are in resonance with the piezoelectric flag. Meanwhile, the internal resistance of the inductive elements also shows an important influence on the harvested electrical power. In both numerical and experimental studies, the importance of piezoelectric coupling strength is observed. Our results show that promising efficiency enhancements of such flow energy harvesters would be achieved through the optimization of the output circuit as well as development of new piezoelectric materials.

Energy Harvesting From Smart Materials

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Hosking ◽  
Zahra Sotoudeh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Smart Structure ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Beam Equations ◽  
Variational Asymptotic ◽  
Fully Coupled

In this paper, we study fully coupled electromagnetic-elastic behaviors present in the structures of smart beams using variational asymptotic beam sections and geometrically exact fully intrinsic beam equations. We present results for energy harvesting from smart beams under various oscillatory loads in both the axial and transverse directions and calculate the corresponding deformations. The magnitude of these loads are varied to show the generalized trends produced by piezoelectric materials. Smart materials change mechanical energy to electrical energy; therefore, changing the structural dynamic behavior of the structure and its stiffness matrix. A smart structure can be designed to undergo larger loads without changing the surface area of the cross-section.

scholarly journals Ultra-large electric field–induced strain in potassium sodium niobate crystals

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (13) ◽  
pp. eaay5979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengpeng Hu ◽  
Xiangda Meng ◽  
Mao-Hua Zhang ◽  
Hao Tian ◽  
John E. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Domain Wall Motion ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Potassium Sodium Niobate ◽  
Large Signal ◽  
Compositional Gradient

Electromechanical coupling in piezoelectric materials allows direct conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa. Here, we demonstrate lead-free (KxNa1−x)NbO3 single crystals with an ultrahigh large-signal piezoelectric coefficient d33* of 9000 pm V−1, which is superior to the highest value reported in state-of-the-art lead-based single crystals (~2500 pm V−1). The enhanced electromechanical properties in our crystals are realized by an engineered compositional gradient in the as-grown crystal, allowing notable reversible non-180° domain wall motion. Moreover, our crystals exhibit temperature-insensitive strain performance within the temperature range of 25°C to 125°C. The enhanced temperature stability of the response also allows the materials to be used in a wider range of applications that exceed the temperature limits of current lead-based piezoelectric crystals.

A Review of Two Patents Relating to Novel Energy Harvesting Techniques to Provide Electrical Power On-Board Gun-Fired Projectiles

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Rastegar ◽  
Richard Murray
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Logical Framework ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Piezoelectric Elements ◽  
Harvesting Techniques

This is a review of two patents relating to electrical power generation on-board gun-fired munitions. The devices harvest mechanical energy from the motion of the projectile (e.g. the axial firing acceleration), and then convert the energy from mechanical to electrical using novel mechanisms and materials such as piezoelectric elements. The devices are particularly important for several reasons. Firstly, the devices are inherently safe because the root source of the electrical energy is the motion of the projectile; therefore no electrical energy can be produced until after the projectile is fired. Second, the devices have a much longer shelf-life than competing electrical power sources such as batteries. Finally, the devices are simple, rugged, and reliable making them ideal for the harsh environment on-board gun-fired projectiles. In addition to presenting the general approach, the logical framework of the patented embodiments is presented, especially with respect to the types of motion used for harvesting and the challenges presented by the varied magnitudes of those motions in different weapon platforms.

scholarly journals Geometrical Investigation of Piezoelectric Patches for Broadband Energy Harvesting in Non-Deterministic Composite Plates

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7370
Author(s):  
Asan G. A. Muthalif ◽  
Abdelrahman Ali ◽  
Jamil Renno ◽  
Azni N. Wahid ◽  
Khairul A. M. Nor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Mechanical energy is the most ubiquitous form of energy that can be harvested and converted into useful electrical power. For this reason, the piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs), with their inherent electromechanical coupling and high-power density, have been widely incorporated in many applications to generate power from ambient mechanical vibrations. However, one of the main challenges to the wider adoption of PEHs is how to optimize their design for maximum energy harvesting. In this paper, an investigation was conducted on the energy harvesting from seven piezoelectric patch shapes (differing in the number of edges) when attached to a non-deterministic laminated composite (single/double lamina) plate subjected to change in fiber orientation. The performance of the PEHs was examined through a coupled-field finite element (FE) model. The plate was simply supported, and its dynamics were randomized by attaching randomly distributed point masses on the plate surface in addition to applying randomly located time-harmonic point forces. The randomization of point masses and point force location on a thin plate produce non-deterministic response. The design optimization was performed by employing the ensemble-responses of the electrical potential developed across the electrodes of the piezoelectric patches. The results present the optimal fiber orientation and patch shape for maximum energy harvesting in the case of single and double lamina composite plates. The results show that the performance is optimal at 0° or 90° fiber orientation for single-lamina, and at 0°/0° and 0°/90° fiber orientations for double-lamina composites. For frequencies below 25 Hz, patches with a low number of edges exhibited a higher harvesting performance (triangular for single-lamina/quadrilateral for double-lamina). As for the broadband frequencies (above 25 Hz), the performance was optimal for the patches with a higher number of edges (dodecagonal for single-lamina/octagonal for double-lamina).

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