Self-Talk and Competitive Balance Beam Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika D. Van Dyke ◽  
Judy L. Van Raalte ◽  
Elizabeth M. Mullin ◽  
Britton W. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Balance Beam ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Collegiate Gymnasts ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Little research has explored the relationship between highly skilled athletes’ self-talk and their competitive performance over the course of a season. For the current study, positive, negative, motivational, instructional, and functional dimensions of collegiate gymnasts’ (N = 141) self-talk were assessed. The gymnasts’ competitive balance beam performances in intercollegiate meets were also recorded. Multiple regression analysis revealed that positive self-talk significantly predicted balance beam performance and performance consistency. Significant positive correlations were found among key self-talk variables, except negative self-talk. Significant negative correlations were found between negative self-talk and self-talk functions (i.e., attention, cognitive and emotional control, and confidence). The results highlight the interrelationships among various types and functions of self-talk in competitive settings, and provide evidence for the ways in which self-talk is related to the performance of highly skilled athletes. Suggestions for how these findings might be applied by athletes, coaches, and sport psychology practitioners are provided.

The Relationship between Observable Self-Talk and Competitive Junior Tennis Players' Match Performances

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy L. Van Raalte ◽  
Britten W. Brewer ◽  
Patricia M. Rivera ◽  
Albert J. Petitpas
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Junior Tennis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Broad Interest

In sport psychology, there is broad interest in cognitive factors that affect sport performance. The purpose of this research was to examine one such factor, self-talk, in competitive sport performance. Twenty-four junior tennis players were observed during tournament matches. Their observable self-talk, gestures, and match scores were recorded. Players also described their positive, negative, and other thoughts on a postmatch questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the self-talk and gestures that occurred during competition was generated. It was found that negative self-talk was associated with losing and that players who reported believing in the utility of self-talk won more points than players who did not. These results suggest that self-talk influences competitive sport outcomes. The importance of "believing" in self-talk and the potential motivational and detrimental effects of negative self-talk on performance are discussed.

Effects of a Rational–Emotive Education Program on Heightened Anxiety Levels of Female Collegiate Gymnasts

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kevin Elko ◽  
Andrew C. Ostrow
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
High Anxious ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Rational Emotive Education ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Collegiate Gymnasts ◽  
And Performance

This study examined the effects of a Rational-Emotive education program on the competitive state anxiety levels and performance of female collegiate gymnasts who were identified as anxiety prone. The gymnasts (n=6) were participants on a Division I gymnastic team during the 1988–89 season. The high-anxious gymnasts were distinguished from their teammates via the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1983) and the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (Martens, 1977) and were interviewed by the investigator prior to competition. They ranged from 17 to 22 years of age (M=19.25 yrs). Additionally, this study analyzed the effects of the education program on performance and thought listening (positive vs. negative self-talk). The results revealed that the Rational–Emotive education program significantly decreased levels of cognitive anxiety in five of the six gymnasts. However, the influential effect of the program on somatic anxiety, performance, and thought listening was not significant.

The Relationship Between Affect and Performance in Competitive Intercollegiate Tennis: A Dynamic Conceptualization and Application

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Johnson ◽  
William A. Edmonds ◽  
Gershon Tenenbaum ◽  
Akihito Kamata
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Data Points ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Affective Intensity ◽  
The Relationship

A recently introduced probabilistic methodology (Kamata, Tenenbaum, & Hanin, 2002) was implemented in the current study to ascertain the idiosyncratic Individual Affect-related Performance Zones (IAPZs) of four intercollegiate tennis players. The current study advances upon previous empirical works by its use of multiple performance levels, use of athletes’ introspective affective intensity, and recording multiple data points duringcompetition. Results present within- and between-player comparisons, and highlight the dynamic nature of competitive athletic events. A brief discussion regarding the implications of this methodology and the pursuant results for sport psychology consultants is also proffered. Being idiosyncratic in nature, the observations from this study are not intended to generalize across samples, but rather to introduce how knowledge of the systematic and dynamic linkage between an individual’s affect and his or her performance can be uncovered and possibly used with individual athletes to facilitate more consistently optimal performances.

scholarly journals Mental toughness and performance strategies of martial artists in practice and competition

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Atefeh Beheshti ◽  
◽  
Hassan Gharayagh Zandi ◽  
Zahra Fathirezaie ◽  
Fatemeh Heidari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Strategies

Abstract This study’s objective was to analyze the relationship between mental toughness and martial artists’ performance strategies. Two hundred athletes (male: 105, female: 95) with an age range of 18-36 years (mean:25.12, s=4.96) who competed at university to the national standard of martial arts participated in this study. Participants answered mental toughness questionnaires and performance strategies inventory. The Pearson correlation results showed a positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and automaticity, goal-setting, imagery, self-talk, and emotional control, and a negative and significant relationship between mental toughness and attentional control in practice. Furthermore, there is a positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and activation, relaxation, self-talk, imagery, goal-setting, and emotional control in the competition. The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that goal-setting and imagery in practice and competition, self-talk in practice, and relaxation in the competition could predict mental toughness. In analyzing the subscales of mental toughness, it was concluded that tough emotions could be loaded on eight subscales of performance strategies. In the Independent-Sample T-Test, the significant differences related to gender were that men reported higher levels of self-talk (t=3.24, p<0.001), automaticity (t=2.76, p<0.006), goal-setting (t=2.63, p<0.009), imagery (t=2.18, p<0.03) and relaxation (t=2.17, p<0.03) than women.

Relationship between performance strategies, resilience qualities, riding experience and competitive performance of show jumping riders

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
H.M. Iungano ◽  
B.E. Lancaster ◽  
I. Wolframm
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Equestrian Sports ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Show Jumping ◽  
Performance Strategies

Equestrian sports are considered high in risk, and successful athletes must achieve resilience to recover from adversities inherent to their riding career. The objective of this study is to identify which factors present in show jumping riders are related to resilient abilities, and how they may be improved. 101 British competitive show jumping riders were asked to complete a questionnaire about their riding experience and to respond to two tests: (1) test of performance strategies (TOPS 3), which analyses the use of self-talk, emotional control, automaticity, goal setting, imagery, activation, relaxation, negative thinking and attention control; and (2) Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC-10), which evaluates resilient abilities. Where available, competition results were also analysed. Resilience scores had positive correlations with ‘emotional control’ (r=0.518; P<0.001), and ‘emotional control’ had a positive predictive effect on resilience (χ2=8.508; P<0.005). There were indications of positive correlations between resilience and ‘activation’ (r=0.497; P<0.001), ‘automaticity’ (r=0.437; P<0.001), and of a negative correlation between resilience and ‘negative thinking’ (r=-0.416; P<0.001). Overall CD-RISC-10 mean value was 29.96. ‘Activation’ and ‘automaticity’ were more applicable for riders of higher perceived levels of skill. Responses suggest that ‘activation’ was employed more frequently by male than female riders (Z=-2.118; P<0.05), and that ‘negative thinking’ was more frequent in female than male riders (Z=-1.969; P<0.05). More significant correlations between performance strategies were found in professional (19) than in novice riders (5). Results indicate that the use of performance strategies may be beneficial in the development of resilience. In higher level riders, the development of one set of strategies tends to lead to the development of other strategies. The findings support that the ability to recover successfully from adversities may not be merely inherent, but also under individual control.

scholarly journals Antecedents of flow and the flow-performance relationship in cricket

Kinesiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Koehn ◽  
Benjamin Donald ◽  
Galina Paramei
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
Batting Average ◽  
Dispositional Flow ◽  
Motivation Scale ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sport Motivation Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measures Of Performance

The present study aspires to elaborate on the conceptual framework of flow by further elucidating integration and conceptualization of a relationship between flow and objective and subjective measures of performance. The aims of the study were twofold: (1) to examine the relationship between flow and its key correlates, anxiety, motivation, and perceived ability; (2) to assess whether the relationship between these measures and performance is direct or mediated. Participant sample included a group of cricketers with varying performance level (n = 40) and a group of 20 non-cricket team athletes; all were between 18 and 35 years of age. Their performance was assessed objectively by batting average, along with administering the Dispositional Flow Scale (DFS), Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS), Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), and Perceived Sport Ability (PSA) questionnaires. Results show that the three flow correlates accounted for 77% of dispositional flow variance; individual correlates varied, however, in their predicting power, anxiety: 0%; motivation: 1%; perceived ability: 57%. In addition, total flow and flow correlates accounted for a total of 54% of variance in performance, whereas unique variance of 8% was accounted for by anxiety and perceived ability, each. Notably, flow and two correlates, anxiety and perceived ability, were found to have a direct impact on performance; in contrast, a weak partial mediation of flow was found between motivation and performance. Based on the findings on the flow-performance relationship, expansion of the flow theory is suggested; benefits for advancing intervention research in sport psychology are discussed.

scholarly journals The multidisciplinary team in sports: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e1760
Author(s):  
Ramiro Marques Inchauspe ◽  
Pablo Morales Barbian ◽  
Fabrício Luis Pereira Santos ◽  
Marcelo Schilling Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Education Professional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The multidisciplinary team in sport is justified by the growing pursuit of higher performance and performance and many variables are involved in this context, recovery and rest, training, emotional control, examinations and nutritional control, factors need specific knowledge from professionals in different areas, such as physical therapists, psychologists, doctors, nutritionists and the physical education professional. Methods: In this context, using a literature review, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the contributions of professionals from different areas in the preparation of athletes, briefly referencing their attributions. Results: The importance of a multidisciplinary team in the training of athletes becomes evident so that there can be an integration of different professionals in search of a single goal. Final considerations: Through this relevant approach in the relationship of these professionals will allow an elucidation of the aspects inherent in improving performance, thus providing the maintenance of the performance of teams trained by multidisciplinary teams.

scholarly journals Konsep dan aplikasi konseling olahraga bagi atlet; peluang dan tantangan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Tjung Hauw Sin
Keyword(s):  
Self Management ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Family Problems ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychological Concepts

<p><em>The development of the world is now complex, problems are diverse, including in sports settings. The problem of athletes is more complex, not a few athletes who do not compete because of low self-management, unstable emotional control and even motivation and performance that are not optimal. Not to mention the condition of the relationship between athletes and athletes, athletes with coaches and even family problems that are Carrie away and affect psychological conditions during sparring in the field. The condition requires the existence of a special psychological companion for athletes, this condition makes the background of the need for sports counseling, a sports counselor can accompany the need for special personnel skilled and mastering the psychological concepts of athletes. This has become a new alternative for counselors in performing. Script will present the background of the need for sports counseling services, athlete’s problems, direction of sports counseling services and opportunities and challenges.</em></p>

An exploration of the intersection of dimensions of the coach-athlete relationship and interactions with high performance and athlete well-being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lucy Dornonville Delacour
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Reciprocal Interaction ◽  
Collegiate Gymnasts ◽  
Feedback Style ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] While normative success may be the most tangible measure of athletes' sport experience and coaches' success rates, it is imperative that the interpersonal dynamic not be forgotten (Jowett, 2005; Jowett and Poczwardowski, 2007). This interpersonal dynamic is grounded in a coach's coaching style, either controlling or autonomy-supportive. The communication that a coach uses is indicative of this style and significantly influences athlete well-being, motivation, behavior, and performance (Ryan and Deci, 2002). In all, data in this study was collected from twelve participants, nine collegiate gymnasts and three coaches, through both interviews and practice observations. Findings indicate a reciprocal interaction between coach-athlete communication and the development of the coach-athlete relationship. Athletes preferred a feedback style hereby termed activeconstructive instruction (ACI). Through the encouragement of athlete input, ACI presents coaches with a method of authentically providing athletes with autonomy as well as increasing their feelings of competence in their ability to accurately evaluate and correct their own performances. The utilization of the components of ACI also led athletes to garner a greater sense of care and respect from their coaches, thereby strengthening the coach-athlete relationship. As the relationship developed, the athletes felt their coaches were more adept at providing them with individualized feedback and meeting their own specific needs within the sport environment. Furthermore, the development of a strong coach-athlete relationship led the athletes to perceive greater sport enjoyment, motivation, and, ultimately, performance. These findings speak to the importance of both coach-athlete communication and the coach-athlete relationship in the pursuit of high performance and the maintenance of athlete well-being.

Self-Presentation Origins of Choking: Evidence From Separate Pressure Manipulations

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Mesagno ◽  
Jack T. Harvey ◽  
Christopher M. Janelle
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Presentation Group

Whether self-presentation is involved in the choking process remains unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine the role of self-presentation concerns on the frequency of choking within the context of a recently proposed self-presentation model. Experienced field hockey players (N = 45) were randomly assigned to one of five groups (i.e., performance-contingent monetary incentive, video camera placebo, video camera self-presentation, audience, or combined pressure), before taking penalty strokes in low- and high-pressure phases. Results indicated that groups exposed to self-presentation manipulations experienced choking, whereas those receiving motivational pressure treatments decreased anxiety and increased performance under pressure. Furthermore, cognitive state anxiety mediated the relationship between the self-presentation group and performance. These findings provide quantitative support for the proposed self-presentation model of choking, while also holding implications for anxiety manipulations in future sport psychology research.

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