A comparative approach to the nonhuman primate vocal tract: Implications for sound production.

1992 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 2465-2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Schoen Ybarra
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Comparative Approach

Une nouvelle méthode de mesure de la fonction d'aire du conduit vocal : cas des voyelles

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-737
Author(s):  
H Teffahi ◽  
B Guerin ◽  
A Djeradi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
External Excitation ◽  
White Noise Excitation

Knowledge of vocal tract area functions is important for the understanding of phenomena occurring during speech production. We present here a new measurement method based on the external excitation of the vocal tract with a known pseudo-random sequence, where the area function is obtained by a linear prediction analysis applied to the cross-correlation between the sequence and the signal measured at the lips. The advantages of this method over methods based on sweep-tones or white noise excitation are (1) a much shorter measurement time (about 100 ms) and (2) the possibility of speech sound production during the measurement. This method has been checked against classical methods through systematic comparisons on a small corpus of vowels. Moreover, it has been verified that simultaneous speech sound production does not perturb significantly the measurements. This method should thus be a very helpful tool for the investigation of the acoustic properties of the vocal tract in various cases for vowels.

Design of Apparatus for Studying Aerodynamics of Voice Production

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barry
Keyword(s):  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Glottal Flow

The design and testing of an experimental apparatus for in vitro study of phonatory aerodynamics (voice production) in humans is presented. The presentation includes not only the details of apparatus design, but flow visualization and Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) measurements of the developing flow that occurs during the opening of the constriction from complete closure. The main features of the phonation process have long been understood. A proper combination of air flow from the lungs and of vocal fold tension initiates a vibration of the vocal folds, which in turn valves the airflow. The resulting periodic acceleration of the airstream through the glottis excites the acoustic modes of the vocal tract. It is further understood that the pressure gradient driving glottal flow is related to flow separation on the downstream side of the vocal folds. However, the details of this process and how it may contribute to effects such as aperiodicity of the voice and energy losses in voiced sound production are still not fully grasped. The experimental apparatus described in this paper is designed to address these issues. The apparatus itself consists of a scaled-up duct in which water flows through a constriction whose width is modulated by motion of the duct wall in a manner mimicking vocal fold vibration. Scaling the duct up 10 times and using water as the working fluid allows temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the dynamically similar flow velocity field using DPIV at video standard framing rates (15Hz). Dynamic similarity is ensured by matching the Reynolds number (based on glottal flow speed and glottis width) of 8000, and by varying the Strouhal number (based on vocal fold length, glottal flow speed, and a time scale characterizing the motion of the vocal folds) ranging from 0.01 to 0.1. The walls of the 28 cm × 28 cm test section and the vocal fold pieces are made of clear cast acrylic to allow optical access. The vocal fold pieces are 12.7 cm × 14 cm × 28 cm and are rectangular in shape, except for the surfaces which form the glottis, which are 6.35 cm radius half-circles. Dye injection slots are placed on the upstream side of both vocal field pieces to allow flow visualization. Prescribed motion of the vocal folds is provided by two linear stages. Linear bearings ensure smooth execution of the motion prescribed using a computer interface. Measurements described here use the Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) flow visualization and DPIV techniques and are performed for two Strouhal numbers to assess the effect of opening time on the development of the glottal jet. These measurements are conducted on a plane oriented perpendicular to the glottis, at the duct midplane. LIF measurements use a 5W Argon ion laser to produce a light sheet, which illuminates the dye injected through a slot in each vocal fold piece. Two dye colors are used, one for each side. Quantitative information about the velocity and vorticity fields are obtained through DPIV measurements at the same location as the LIF measurements.

scholarly journals Vocal tract anatomy of king penguins: morphological traits of two-voiced sound production

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Joy Kriesell ◽  
Céline Le Bohec ◽  
Alexander F. Cerwenka ◽  
Moritz Hertel ◽  
Jean-Patrice Robin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Vocal Tract

scholarly journals Effect of Changing the Vocal Tract Shape on the Sound Production of the Recorder: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Auvray ◽  
A. Ernoult ◽  
S. Terrien ◽  
P. Y. Lagrée ◽  
B. Fabre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Tract Shape

scholarly journals Overtone focusing in biphonic tuvan throat singing

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bergevin ◽  
Chandan Narayan ◽  
Joy Williams ◽  
Natasha Mhatre ◽  
Jennifer KE Steeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Singing Style ◽  
Narrow Frequency Range ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Throat Singing

Khoomei is a unique singing style originating from the republic of Tuva in central Asia. Singers produce two pitches simultaneously: a booming low-frequency rumble alongside a hovering high-pitched whistle-like tone. The biomechanics of this biphonation are not well-understood. Here, we use sound analysis, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging, and vocal tract modeling to demonstrate how biphonation is achieved by modulating vocal tract morphology. Tuvan singers show remarkable control in shaping their vocal tract to narrowly focus the harmonics (or overtones) emanating from their vocal cords. The biphonic sound is a combination of the fundamental pitch and a focused filter state, which is at the higher pitch (1–2 kHz) and formed by merging two formants, thereby greatly enhancing sound-production in a very narrow frequency range. Most importantly, we demonstrate that this biphonation is a phenomenon arising from linear filtering rather than from a nonlinear source.

scholarly journals Sexual attractiveness: a comparative approach of morphological, behavioral neurophysiological signaling in women and nonhuman primate females

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Wallner ◽  
Sonja Windhager ◽  
Helmut Schaschl ◽  
Matthias Nemeth ◽  
Lena S Pflueger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Sexual Attractiveness ◽  
Multimale Groups ◽  
And Behavior

This comprehensive review focuses on comparative data in nonhuman primates and humans in relation to signaling secondary sex characteristics (SSC), sexual behavior, and neurophysiology of sexuality during the female cycle. Obviously, sexual activities of primates are not limited to specific cycle phases. In higher evolved primate species no distinction can be drawn between sexual interactions as a prerequisite for reproduction or as a pleasurable tool. However, cyclic depended changes of body morphology and behavior, such as feeding, risk taking, mood changes, are documented for both groups. Neurophysiologically, homologous brain areas, sex steroids and receptor compartments are involved in mediating sexual and pleasure during all cycle stages. The interaction between the subcortical reward system and the social brain network and its projection to the prefrontal cortex are of importance. The advertising of SSC indicate analogous strategies between human one male social units and multifemale-multimale groups in nonhuman primates. Women do advertise SSC permanently after the onset of puberty. In contrast, some nonhuman primate species express attractive signals during specific cycle stages and prolong them beyond fertile periods. The physiological and morphological nature of primate SSC and their flexibility of expression in relation to their information content for males will be discussed during different cycle periods for both groups. Because of permanent sexual attractiveness in humans the use of clothes as a specific eye catcher to advertise SSC in relation to biological function will be illustrated. The latter is suggested to be an example of culture-biology adaptation in human sexual behavior.

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