scholarly journals Sexual attractiveness: a comparative approach of morphological, behavioral neurophysiological signaling in women and nonhuman primate females

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Wallner ◽  
Sonja Windhager ◽  
Helmut Schaschl ◽  
Matthias Nemeth ◽  
Lena S Pflueger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Sexual Attractiveness ◽  
Multimale Groups ◽  
And Behavior

This comprehensive review focuses on comparative data in nonhuman primates and humans in relation to signaling secondary sex characteristics (SSC), sexual behavior, and neurophysiology of sexuality during the female cycle. Obviously, sexual activities of primates are not limited to specific cycle phases. In higher evolved primate species no distinction can be drawn between sexual interactions as a prerequisite for reproduction or as a pleasurable tool. However, cyclic depended changes of body morphology and behavior, such as feeding, risk taking, mood changes, are documented for both groups. Neurophysiologically, homologous brain areas, sex steroids and receptor compartments are involved in mediating sexual and pleasure during all cycle stages. The interaction between the subcortical reward system and the social brain network and its projection to the prefrontal cortex are of importance. The advertising of SSC indicate analogous strategies between human one male social units and multifemale-multimale groups in nonhuman primates. Women do advertise SSC permanently after the onset of puberty. In contrast, some nonhuman primate species express attractive signals during specific cycle stages and prolong them beyond fertile periods. The physiological and morphological nature of primate SSC and their flexibility of expression in relation to their information content for males will be discussed during different cycle periods for both groups. Because of permanent sexual attractiveness in humans the use of clothes as a specific eye catcher to advertise SSC in relation to biological function will be illustrated. The latter is suggested to be an example of culture-biology adaptation in human sexual behavior.

scholarly journals Sexual attractiveness: a comparative approach of morphological, behavioral neurophysiological signaling in women and nonhuman primate females

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Wallner ◽  
Sonja Windhager ◽  
Helmut Schaschl ◽  
Matthias Nemeth ◽  
Lena S Pflueger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Sexual Attractiveness ◽  
Multimale Groups ◽  
And Behavior

This comprehensive review focuses on comparative data in nonhuman primates and humans in relation to signaling secondary sex characteristics (SSC), sexual behavior, and neurophysiology of sexuality during the female cycle. Obviously, sexual activities of primates are not limited to specific cycle phases. In higher evolved primate species no distinction can be drawn between sexual interactions as a prerequisite for reproduction or as a pleasurable tool. However, cyclic depended changes of body morphology and behavior, such as feeding, risk taking, mood changes, are documented for both groups. Neurophysiologically, homologous brain areas, sex steroids and receptor compartments are involved in mediating sexual and pleasure during all cycle stages. The interaction between the subcortical reward system and the social brain network and its projection to the prefrontal cortex are of importance. The advertising of SSC indicate analogous strategies between human one male social units and multifemale-multimale groups in nonhuman primates. Women do advertise SSC permanently after the onset of puberty. In contrast, some nonhuman primate species express attractive signals during specific cycle stages and prolong them beyond fertile periods. The physiological and morphological nature of primate SSC and their flexibility of expression in relation to their information content for males will be discussed during different cycle periods for both groups. Because of permanent sexual attractiveness in humans the use of clothes as a specific eye catcher to advertise SSC in relation to biological function will be illustrated. The latter is suggested to be an example of culture-biology adaptation in human sexual behavior.

scholarly journals In vivo administration of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman primates: I. Effects of anti-T11 antibodies on the circulating T cell pool

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
NL Letvin ◽  
J Ritz ◽  
LJ Guida ◽  
JM Yetz ◽  
JM Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Antigenic Modulation ◽  
In Vivo Administration

Abstract The effects of in vivo administration of three monoclonal antibodies specific for T11, the E rosette receptor on T lymphocytes, were examined in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). These three monoclonal antibodies were of different isotypes and were shown in in vitro studies to have differing affinities for the monkey T11 structure. Furthermore, each antibody induced antigenic modulation of T11 from the cell membrane of the lymphocytes to varying degrees in vitro. In vivo infusion of each of these antibodies into normal rhesus monkeys caused remarkably different effects on the circulating T lymphocyte pool. Infusion of these antibodies at doses of 2 mg/kg caused the coating of circulating T lymphocytes with antibody, the modulation of T11 off the T cell surface and the transient clearance of T cells from the circulation. Yet, the variation in the extent to which these effects were seen with these different antibodies indicates that extrapolating from studies of the in vivo use of one antibody to the use of another may be quite difficult. These studies clearly indicate the strengths of this nonhuman primate system for exploring the uses of monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies as therapeutic agents. They, however, also demonstrate that differences may exist in the affinity of a particular antibody for homologous lymphocyte surface structures in humans and in a nonhuman primate species. These differences may make it difficult to predict the precise effects that the infusion of an antibody will cause in humans on the basis of alterations it induces in nonhuman primates.

scholarly journals In vivo administration of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman primates: I. Effects of anti-T11 antibodies on the circulating T cell pool

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-966
Author(s):  
NL Letvin ◽  
J Ritz ◽  
LJ Guida ◽  
JM Yetz ◽  
JM Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Antigenic Modulation ◽  
In Vivo Administration

The effects of in vivo administration of three monoclonal antibodies specific for T11, the E rosette receptor on T lymphocytes, were examined in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). These three monoclonal antibodies were of different isotypes and were shown in in vitro studies to have differing affinities for the monkey T11 structure. Furthermore, each antibody induced antigenic modulation of T11 from the cell membrane of the lymphocytes to varying degrees in vitro. In vivo infusion of each of these antibodies into normal rhesus monkeys caused remarkably different effects on the circulating T lymphocyte pool. Infusion of these antibodies at doses of 2 mg/kg caused the coating of circulating T lymphocytes with antibody, the modulation of T11 off the T cell surface and the transient clearance of T cells from the circulation. Yet, the variation in the extent to which these effects were seen with these different antibodies indicates that extrapolating from studies of the in vivo use of one antibody to the use of another may be quite difficult. These studies clearly indicate the strengths of this nonhuman primate system for exploring the uses of monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies as therapeutic agents. They, however, also demonstrate that differences may exist in the affinity of a particular antibody for homologous lymphocyte surface structures in humans and in a nonhuman primate species. These differences may make it difficult to predict the precise effects that the infusion of an antibody will cause in humans on the basis of alterations it induces in nonhuman primates.

scholarly journals Sexual Attractiveness: a Comparative Approach to Morphological, Behavioral and Neurophysiological Aspects of Sexual Signaling in Women and Nonhuman Primate Females

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-186
Author(s):  
Bernard Wallner ◽  
Sonja Windhager ◽  
Helmut Schaschl ◽  
Matthias Nemeth ◽  
Lena S. Pflüger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Sexual Attractiveness ◽  
Sexual Signaling

scholarly journals The Japan Monkey Centre Primates Brain Imaging Repository of high-resolution postmortem magnetic resonance imaging: the second phase of the archive of digital records

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Sakai ◽  
Junichi Hata ◽  
Yuta Shintaku ◽  
Hiroki Ohta ◽  
Kazumi Sogabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Animal Ethics ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Neural Basis

AbstractA comparison of neuroanatomical features of the brain between humans and our evolutionary relatives, nonhuman primates, is key to understanding the human brain system and the neural basis of mental and neurological disorders. Although most comparative MRI studies of human and nonhuman primate brains have been based on brains of primates that had been used as subjects in experiments, it is essential to investigate various species of nonhuman primates in order to elucidate and interpret the diversity of neuroanatomy features among humans and nonhuman primates. To develop a research platform for this purpose, it is necessary to harmonize the scientific contributions of studies with the standards of animal ethics, animal welfare, and the conservation of brain information for long-term continuation of the field. In previous research, we first developed an open-resource repository of anatomical images obtained using 9.4-T ex vivo MRI of postmortem brain samples from 12 nonhuman primate species, and which are stored at the Japan Monkey Centre. In the present study, as a second phase, we released a collection of T2-weighted images and diffusion tensor images obtained in nine species: white-throated capuchin, Bolivian squirrel monkey, stump-tailed macaque, Tibet monkey, Sykes’ monkey, Assamese macaque, pig-tailed macaque, crested macaque, and chimpanzee. Our image repository should facilitate scientific discoveries in the field of comparative neuroscience. This repository can also promote animal ethics and animal welfare in experiments with nonhuman primate models by optimizing methods for in vivo and ex vivo MRI scanning of brains and supporting veterinary neuroradiological education. In addition, the repository is expected to contribute to conservation, preserving information about the brains of various primates, including endangered species, in a permanent digital form.

Enteric Viruses of Nonhuman Primates

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Kalter
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Experimental Disease ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Species

The phylogenetic relationship of nonhuman primates to man implies that many of these animals could serve as surrogates for studies of diseases of man. Many nonhuman primate species are susceptible not only to viruses of human origin but also to nonhuman primate viruses that are counterparts of viruses of man. All monkeys and great apes do not respond similarly to an antigenic stimulus. Some agents are highly pathogenic for one species and completely innocuous for another. For example, poliovirus causes disease and fatalities in great apes, but picornaviruses given orally cause few lesions in most nonhuman primates. Other enteroviruses (coxsackie-, echoviruses) have caused disease in nonhuman primates. It is difficult to separate viruses into distinct categories according to their anatomic affinities. Many viruses not considered to be enteric may be recovered from the intestinal tract. Adenoviruses, both human and nonhuman strains, which are not considered enteric viruses, nonetheless are recovered frequently from the intestinal tract. Adult animals show little evidence of disease, with the possible exception of diarrhea, after adenovirus infection. Newborns, however, may respond with a fatal pneumoenteritis. Adenovirus may be associated with diseases in organs other than the intestines. The reoviruses, which may be recovered from the intestinal tract, also are generally innocuous. Rotaviruses as pathogens in nonhuman primates are presently under study, and it is suspected that rotaviruses of man may produce experimental disease in nonhuman primates. Production of diabetes by several of the enteric viruses has been suggested but not demonstrated conclusively.

scholarly journals Differential expression of GLUT2 in pancreatic islets and kidneys of New and Old World nonhuman primates

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (3) ◽  
pp. R786-R793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Kramer ◽  
Elisabeth Ludlage Moeller ◽  
Audra Hachey ◽  
Keith G. Mansfield ◽  
Lynn M. Wachtman
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
New World ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Old World

Diabetes is a growing public health concern, and animal models of this disease are necessary for a full understanding of disease pathogenesis, progression, clinical sequelae, and treatment options. In particular, nonhuman primate models of diabetes are important because of their close genetic relationship to humans. Although numerous Old World primate models have been described, few studies have examined the possibility of using New World monkeys as an animal model for this disease. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a common diabetogenic drug that selectively destroys beta cells after uptake via the GLUT2 glucose transporter. Induction of diabetes using STZ was attempted in common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus). These animals showed increases in blood glucose consistent with diabetes only at STZ doses markedly greater than those used in other primate species. Additionally, all animals showed pathological evidence of acute renal and liver toxicity secondary to the treatment. In a subsequent comparative study of various nonhuman primates, GLUT2 immunostaining in pancreatic islets was used as a marker for sensitivity to STZ. Immunostaining of islets from a variety of nonhuman primate species indicated a reduced expression of pancreatic GLUT2 in New compared with Old World monkeys; this finding explains their resistance to diabetic induction with STZ. Furthermore, there were age-dependent differences in GLUT2 expression, with aged and infant macaques showing reduced expression. We conclude that New World monkeys are an inappropriate model for diabetes induction with STZ and that, with all primate species, it is important to consider the animals’ age before diabetic induction with STZ is attempted.

Model IMB(Information, Motivation, Behavioral Skills) Sebagai Prevensi Primer Seks Pranikah Remaja

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Hendri Fitrian ◽  
Linda Suwarni ◽  
Andri Dwi Hernawan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Sex Behavior ◽  
Imb Model ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
And Behavior

<p>Perilaku seksual remaja di Indonesia saat ini sudah sangat mengkhawatirkan, termasuk di Kalimantan Barat, khususnya Kota Pontianak. Faktor yang melatar belakangi perilaku seks pranikah remaja, baik faktor internal maupun eksternal. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa determinan perilaku seks pranikah, antara lain pengetahuan, efikasi diri, pengaruh teman sebaya, peran orangtua. Salah satu model yang dapat diterapkan sebagai prevensi primer seks pranikah remaja adalah <em>information, motivation, and behavior skill </em>(IMB). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengaplikasikan model IMB sebagai prevensi primer perilaku seks pranikah remaja, melalui peningkatan informasi, motivasi, dan skill dalam menolak ajakan seks pranikah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen semu (Quasi Eksperimen) jenis one group pretest-posttest design. Jumlah sampel yaitu 31 reponden. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah <em>Total Sampling</em>. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan uji wilxocon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan informasi, motivasi dan keterampilan seta niat terhadap hasil analisis statistik terhadap informasi, motivasi dan keterampilan yang diperoleh nilai 0,000 &lt;0,05. Sedangkan untuk hasil analisis statistic niat diperoleh nilai p = 0,006 &lt;0,05. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara informasi, motivasi, keterampilan serta niat siswa dengan menerapkan model IMB di MTS Aswaja Pontianak Barat. Dengan demikian model IMB efektif sebagai pencegahan primer untuk mencegah perilaku seks pranikah pada remaja.</p><p> </p><p><em>Teenage sexual behavior in Indonesia is currently very worrying, including in West Kalimantan, especially Pontianak City. Factors underlying the premarital sexual behavior of adolescents, both internal and external factors. Some studies show that the determinants of premarital sex behavior include knowledge, self-efficacy, peer influence, parental role. One model that can be applied as the primary prevention of premarital sex for adolescents is information, motivation, and behavior skills (IMB). The purpose of this study was to apply the IMB model as a primary prevention of adolescent premarital sexual behavior, through increasing information, motivation and skills in rejecting premarital sex requests. This study uses a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental methods of one group pretest-posttest design. The number of samples is 31 respondents. The sampling technique is total sampling. Data were obtained using a questionnaire and analyzed by the Wilxocon test. The results of the study for 3 interventions with 60 minutes showed that there was an increase in information, motivation and skills and intentions. the results of statistical analysis of information, motivation and skills obtained value of 0,000 &lt;0.05. As for the results of statistical analysis of intentions the value of p = 0.006 &lt;0.05 is obtained. There is a meaningful relationship between information, motivation, skills and student intentions by applying the IMB model in MTS Aswaja, West Pontianak. Thus the IMB model is effective as a primary prevention to prevent premarital sexual behavior in adolescents</em></p>

Primate Vocal Communication and the Evolution of Speech

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Julia Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Primate Communication ◽  
Evolution Of Speech ◽  
Primate Vocal Communication ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Shed Light

Studies of nonhuman primate communication are often motivated by the desire to shed light on the evolution of speech. In contrast to human speech, the vocal repertoires of nonhuman primates are evolutionarily highly conserved. Within species-specific constraints, calls may vary in relation to the internal state of the caller or social experience. Receivers can use signalers’ calls to predict upcoming events or behavioral dispositions. Yet nonhuman primates do not appear to express or comprehend communicative or informative intent. Signalers are sensitive to the relation between their own actions and receivers’ responses, and thus, signaling behavior can be conceived as goal directed. Receivers’ ability to integrate information from multiple sources renders the system flexible and powerful. Researchers who take a linguistic or biological perspective on nonhuman primate communication should be aware of the strengths and limitations of their approaches. Both benefit from a focus on the mechanisms that underpin signaling and responses to signals.

Demonstration of presbycusis across repeated measures in a nonhuman primate species.

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Bennett ◽  
Roger T. Davis ◽  
Josef M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Species
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