System and method for assessing breathing and vocal tract sound production of a user

2003 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2389
Author(s):  
Klaas Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Vocal Tract

Une nouvelle méthode de mesure de la fonction d'aire du conduit vocal : cas des voyelles

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-737
Author(s):  
H Teffahi ◽  
B Guerin ◽  
A Djeradi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
External Excitation ◽  
White Noise Excitation

Knowledge of vocal tract area functions is important for the understanding of phenomena occurring during speech production. We present here a new measurement method based on the external excitation of the vocal tract with a known pseudo-random sequence, where the area function is obtained by a linear prediction analysis applied to the cross-correlation between the sequence and the signal measured at the lips. The advantages of this method over methods based on sweep-tones or white noise excitation are (1) a much shorter measurement time (about 100 ms) and (2) the possibility of speech sound production during the measurement. This method has been checked against classical methods through systematic comparisons on a small corpus of vowels. Moreover, it has been verified that simultaneous speech sound production does not perturb significantly the measurements. This method should thus be a very helpful tool for the investigation of the acoustic properties of the vocal tract in various cases for vowels.

Design of Apparatus for Studying Aerodynamics of Voice Production

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barry
Keyword(s):  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Glottal Flow

The design and testing of an experimental apparatus for in vitro study of phonatory aerodynamics (voice production) in humans is presented. The presentation includes not only the details of apparatus design, but flow visualization and Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) measurements of the developing flow that occurs during the opening of the constriction from complete closure. The main features of the phonation process have long been understood. A proper combination of air flow from the lungs and of vocal fold tension initiates a vibration of the vocal folds, which in turn valves the airflow. The resulting periodic acceleration of the airstream through the glottis excites the acoustic modes of the vocal tract. It is further understood that the pressure gradient driving glottal flow is related to flow separation on the downstream side of the vocal folds. However, the details of this process and how it may contribute to effects such as aperiodicity of the voice and energy losses in voiced sound production are still not fully grasped. The experimental apparatus described in this paper is designed to address these issues. The apparatus itself consists of a scaled-up duct in which water flows through a constriction whose width is modulated by motion of the duct wall in a manner mimicking vocal fold vibration. Scaling the duct up 10 times and using water as the working fluid allows temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the dynamically similar flow velocity field using DPIV at video standard framing rates (15Hz). Dynamic similarity is ensured by matching the Reynolds number (based on glottal flow speed and glottis width) of 8000, and by varying the Strouhal number (based on vocal fold length, glottal flow speed, and a time scale characterizing the motion of the vocal folds) ranging from 0.01 to 0.1. The walls of the 28 cm × 28 cm test section and the vocal fold pieces are made of clear cast acrylic to allow optical access. The vocal fold pieces are 12.7 cm × 14 cm × 28 cm and are rectangular in shape, except for the surfaces which form the glottis, which are 6.35 cm radius half-circles. Dye injection slots are placed on the upstream side of both vocal field pieces to allow flow visualization. Prescribed motion of the vocal folds is provided by two linear stages. Linear bearings ensure smooth execution of the motion prescribed using a computer interface. Measurements described here use the Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) flow visualization and DPIV techniques and are performed for two Strouhal numbers to assess the effect of opening time on the development of the glottal jet. These measurements are conducted on a plane oriented perpendicular to the glottis, at the duct midplane. LIF measurements use a 5W Argon ion laser to produce a light sheet, which illuminates the dye injected through a slot in each vocal fold piece. Two dye colors are used, one for each side. Quantitative information about the velocity and vorticity fields are obtained through DPIV measurements at the same location as the LIF measurements.

scholarly journals Vocal tract anatomy of king penguins: morphological traits of two-voiced sound production

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Joy Kriesell ◽  
Céline Le Bohec ◽  
Alexander F. Cerwenka ◽  
Moritz Hertel ◽  
Jean-Patrice Robin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Vocal Tract

scholarly journals Effect of Changing the Vocal Tract Shape on the Sound Production of the Recorder: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Auvray ◽  
A. Ernoult ◽  
S. Terrien ◽  
P. Y. Lagrée ◽  
B. Fabre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Tract Shape

scholarly journals Overtone focusing in biphonic tuvan throat singing

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bergevin ◽  
Chandan Narayan ◽  
Joy Williams ◽  
Natasha Mhatre ◽  
Jennifer KE Steeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Singing Style ◽  
Narrow Frequency Range ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Throat Singing

Khoomei is a unique singing style originating from the republic of Tuva in central Asia. Singers produce two pitches simultaneously: a booming low-frequency rumble alongside a hovering high-pitched whistle-like tone. The biomechanics of this biphonation are not well-understood. Here, we use sound analysis, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging, and vocal tract modeling to demonstrate how biphonation is achieved by modulating vocal tract morphology. Tuvan singers show remarkable control in shaping their vocal tract to narrowly focus the harmonics (or overtones) emanating from their vocal cords. The biphonic sound is a combination of the fundamental pitch and a focused filter state, which is at the higher pitch (1–2 kHz) and formed by merging two formants, thereby greatly enhancing sound-production in a very narrow frequency range. Most importantly, we demonstrate that this biphonation is a phenomenon arising from linear filtering rather than from a nonlinear source.

Vocalization Control of a Mechanical Vocal System under Auditory Feedback

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Higashimoto ◽  
◽  
Hideyuki Sawada ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical System ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
System A ◽  
Vocal System ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
Auditory Feedback Control

We are developing a mechanical model of a human vocal system based on mechatronics technology. Although various ways of vocal sound production have been actively studied, mechanical construction is considered to advantageously realize natural vocalization with its fluid dynamics. In voice generation, analysis of the behavior of the vocal cords and the vocal tract are required in a mechanical system. Furthermore, fluid mechanics are less stable, making control more difficult. Several motors are used to manipulate the mechanical vocal system. A neural network works to establish relations between motor positions and produced vocal sounds by auditory feedback in the learning phase. In speech performance, the mechanical system is able to vocalize while vocal pitches and phonemes are adaptively controlled by auditory feedback control. This paper presents the construction of a mechanical vocal system and its adaptive acquisition of vocalization skills.

Palatal Sound: a comprehensive model of vocal tract articulation*

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
MICHAEL EDWARD EDGERTON
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Turbulent Structures ◽  
Complete Mapping ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Acoustic Analyses

Palatal Sound is a model of vocal tract articulation influenced by physiologic and acoustic analysis of the voice. Specifically, the term articulation refers to all movement within the vocal tract that results in open, filter-like sonorities, as well as in turbulent to absolute airflow modification. This model presents a complete mapping of place within the vocal tract that features flexibility across different vocal tract sizes and proportions. The principles behind this comprehensive mapping of acoustic and physical sound production techniques should not be foreign to those persons who create, combine, design, model or research sound. Therefore, this model might suggest avenues of sound exploration regardless of media or application. This text first presents a brief overview of the current trends of oral modification using vowels, followed by an introduction to and acoustic analyses of the comprehensive vocal tract model as applied to open-like sonorities. This model is then expanded through the presentation of other methods of open-like behaviours. Following the discussion of open sonorities, turbulent-like behaviours are discussed by first identifying the use of language-based fricatives and stops. After this (re-)exposition, the comprehensive model is applied to turbulent structures through examples and acoustic analyses. Finally, these turbulent methods are completed by additional, complementary methods of vocal tract turbulence. The intentions of this paper are: (i) to document this model clearly, (ii) to identify differences between speech and song articulatory behaviour and that of this comprehensive model with the aid of selected acoustic analyses, (iii) to suggest that this model renders valuable scientific information about the limits of vocal tract physiology, and (iv) to propose the practical use of this model by composers and performers.

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