Peripheral specialization for analysis of Doppler‐shifted echoes in the auditory system of the “CM‐FM” bat, Pteronotus parnellii. II. Properties of peripheral auditory neurons

1975 ◽  
Vol 57 (S1) ◽  
pp. S42-S42
Author(s):  
N. Suga ◽  
J. A. Simmons ◽  
P. H.‐S. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Fm Bat

Peripheral specialization for fine analysis of doppler-shifted echoes in the auditory system of the “CF-FM” bat Pteronotus parnellii

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-192
Author(s):  
N. Suga ◽  
J. A. Simmons ◽  
P. H. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Cochlear Microphonics ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Neural Inhibition ◽  
Fm Bat ◽  
Mechanical Tuning

Pteronotus parnellii uses the second harmonic (61–62 kHz) of the CF component in its orientation sounds for Doppler-shift compensation. The bat's inner ear is mechanically specialized for fine analysis of sounds at about 61–62 kHz. Because of this specialization, cochlear microphonics (CM) evoked by 61–62 kHz tone bursts exhibit prominent transients, slow increase and decrease in amplitude at the onset and cessation of these stimuli. CM-responses to 60–61 kHz tone bursts show a prominent input-output non-linearity and transients. Accordingly, a summated response of primary auditory neurones (N1) appears not only at the onset of the stimuli, but also at the cessation. N1-off is sharply tuned at 60–61 kHz, while N1-on is tuned at 63–64 kHz, which is 2 kHz higher than the best frequency of the auditory system because of the envelope-distortion originating from sharp mechanical tuning. Single peripheral neurones sensitive to 61–62 kHz sounds have an unusually sharp tuning curve and show phase-locked responses to beats of up to 3 kHz. Information about the frequencies of Doppler-shifted echoes is thus coded by a set of sharply tuned neurones and also discharges phase-locked to beats. Neurones with a best frequency between 55 and 64 kHz show not only tonic on-responses but also off-responses which are apparently related to the mechanical off-transient occuring in the inner ear and not to a rebound from neural inhibition.

scholarly journals Combination sensitivity and processing of communication calls in the inferior colliculus of the Moustached Bat Pteronotus parnellii

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine V. Portfors
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Complex Sounds ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Communication Calls ◽  
Neural Selectivity

Many animals use complex communication calls in social behaviors. In some species we know the features in the calls that elicit particular behaviors, but we do not understand how the auditory system encodes the calls. Nor do we understand the mechanisms underlying neural selectivity to calls. Our studies of the auditory midbrain of the Moustached Bat Pteronotus parnellii have revealed a neural mechanism important for generating selective responses to calls. Neurons that integrate information across different frequencies show selectivity to communication calls. "Combination sensitivity" may be a common mechanism for encoding complex sounds because it is also important for encoding echolocation signals.

scholarly journals Purinergic signaling controls spontaneous activity in the auditory system throughout early development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis A. Babola ◽  
Sally Li ◽  
Zhirong Wang ◽  
Calvin Kersbergen ◽  
Ana Belén Elgoyhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Purinergic Signaling ◽  
Atp Release ◽  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

ABSTRACTSpontaneous bursts of electrical activity in the developing auditory system arise within the cochlea prior to hearing onset and propagate through future sound processing circuits of the brain to promote maturation of auditory neurons. Studies in isolated cochleae revealed that this intrinsically generated activity is initiated by ATP release from inner supporting cells (ISCs), resulting in activation of purinergic autoreceptors, K+ efflux and subsequent depolarization of inner hair cells (IHCs). However, little is known about when this activity emerges or whether different mechanisms underlie distinct stages of development. Here we show that spontaneous electrical activity in mouse cochlea emerges within ISCs during the late embryonic period, preceding the onset of spontaneous correlated activity in IHCs and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which begins at birth and follows a base to apex developmental gradient. At all developmental stages, pharmacological inhibition of P2Y1 metabotropic purinergic receptors dramatically reduced spontaneous activity in these three cell types. Moreover, in vivo imaging within the inferior colliculus of awake mice revealed that auditory neurons within future isofrequency zones exhibit coordinated neural activity at birth. The frequency of these discrete bursts increased progressively during the postnatal prehearing period, yet remained dependent on P2RY1. Analysis of mice with disrupted cholinergic signaling in the cochlea, indicate that this input modulates, rather than initiates, spontaneous activity before hearing onset. Thus, the auditory system uses a consistent mechanism involving ATP release from ISCs and activation of purinergic autoreceptors to elicit coordinated excitation of neurons that will process similar frequencies of sound.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn developing sensory systems, groups of neurons that will process information from similar sensory space exhibit highly correlated electrical activity that is critical for proper maturation and circuit refinement. Defining the period when this activity is present, the mechanisms responsible and the features of this activity are crucial for understanding how spontaneous activity influences circuit development. We show that, from birth to hearing onset, the auditory system relies on a consistent mechanism to elicit correlate firing of neurons that will process similar frequencies of sound. Targeted disruption of this activity will increase our understanding of how these early circuits mature and may provide insight into processes responsible for developmental disorders of the auditory system.

Responses of cerebellar neurons of the CF-FM bat,Pteronotus parnellii to acoustic stimuli

1982 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H.-S. Jen ◽  
Xinde Sun ◽  
Tsutomu Kamada
Keyword(s):  
Cerebellar Neurons ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Fm Bat
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