Cytoarchitecture of auditory system in lower brainstem of the mustache bat,Pteronotus parnellii

1982 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Zook ◽  
J. H. Casseday
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii

scholarly journals Combination sensitivity and processing of communication calls in the inferior colliculus of the Moustached Bat Pteronotus parnellii

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine V. Portfors
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Complex Sounds ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Communication Calls ◽  
Neural Selectivity

Many animals use complex communication calls in social behaviors. In some species we know the features in the calls that elicit particular behaviors, but we do not understand how the auditory system encodes the calls. Nor do we understand the mechanisms underlying neural selectivity to calls. Our studies of the auditory midbrain of the Moustached Bat Pteronotus parnellii have revealed a neural mechanism important for generating selective responses to calls. Neurons that integrate information across different frequencies show selectivity to communication calls. "Combination sensitivity" may be a common mechanism for encoding complex sounds because it is also important for encoding echolocation signals.

Peripheral specialization for fine analysis of doppler-shifted echoes in the auditory system of the “CF-FM” bat Pteronotus parnellii

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-192
Author(s):  
N. Suga ◽  
J. A. Simmons ◽  
P. H. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Cochlear Microphonics ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Neural Inhibition ◽  
Fm Bat ◽  
Mechanical Tuning

Pteronotus parnellii uses the second harmonic (61–62 kHz) of the CF component in its orientation sounds for Doppler-shift compensation. The bat's inner ear is mechanically specialized for fine analysis of sounds at about 61–62 kHz. Because of this specialization, cochlear microphonics (CM) evoked by 61–62 kHz tone bursts exhibit prominent transients, slow increase and decrease in amplitude at the onset and cessation of these stimuli. CM-responses to 60–61 kHz tone bursts show a prominent input-output non-linearity and transients. Accordingly, a summated response of primary auditory neurones (N1) appears not only at the onset of the stimuli, but also at the cessation. N1-off is sharply tuned at 60–61 kHz, while N1-on is tuned at 63–64 kHz, which is 2 kHz higher than the best frequency of the auditory system because of the envelope-distortion originating from sharp mechanical tuning. Single peripheral neurones sensitive to 61–62 kHz sounds have an unusually sharp tuning curve and show phase-locked responses to beats of up to 3 kHz. Information about the frequencies of Doppler-shifted echoes is thus coded by a set of sharply tuned neurones and also discharges phase-locked to beats. Neurones with a best frequency between 55 and 64 kHz show not only tonic on-responses but also off-responses which are apparently related to the mechanical off-transient occuring in the inner ear and not to a rebound from neural inhibition.

Evaluation of Efferent Auditory System and Hearing Quality in Parkinson's Disease: Is the Difficulty in Speech Understanding in Complex Listening Conditions Related to Neural Degeneration or Aging?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nuriye Yıldırım Gökay ◽  
Bülent Gündüz ◽  
Fatih Söke ◽  
Recep Karamert
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
System Function ◽  
Distortion Product

Purpose The effects of neurological diseases on the auditory system have been a notable issue for investigators because the auditory pathway is closely associated with neural systems. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the efferent auditory system function and hearing quality in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to compare the findings with age-matched individuals without PD to present a perspective on aging. Method The study included 35 individuals with PD (mean age of 48.50 ± 8.00 years) and 35 normal-hearing peers (mean age of 49 ± 10 years). The following tests were administered for all participants: the first section of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale; pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry, and acoustic reflexes; and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and contralateral suppression of DPOAEs. SPSS Version 25 was used for statistical analyses, and values of p < .05 were considered statistically significant. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the pure-tone audiometry thresholds and DPOAE responses between the individuals with PD and their normal-hearing peers ( p = .732). However, statistically significant differences were found between the groups in suppression levels of DPOAEs and hearing quality ( p < .05). In addition, a statistically significant and positive correlation was found between the amount of suppression at some frequencies and the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale scores. Conclusions This study indicates that medial olivocochlear efferent system function and the hearing quality of individuals with PD were affected adversely due to the results of PD pathophysiology on the hearing system. For optimal intervention and follow-up, tasks related to hearing quality in daily life can also be added to therapies for PD.

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