scholarly journals Peripheral specialization for analysis of Doppler‐shifted echoes in the auditory system of the “CF‐FM” bat, Pteronotus parnellii. I. Cochlear microphonic

1975 ◽  
Vol 57 (S1) ◽  
pp. S42-S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Suga ◽  
J. A. Simmons ◽  
P. H.‐S. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Cochlear Microphonic ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Fm Bat

Peripheral specialization for fine analysis of doppler-shifted echoes in the auditory system of the “CF-FM” bat Pteronotus parnellii

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-192
Author(s):  
N. Suga ◽  
J. A. Simmons ◽  
P. H. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Cochlear Microphonics ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Neural Inhibition ◽  
Fm Bat ◽  
Mechanical Tuning

Pteronotus parnellii uses the second harmonic (61–62 kHz) of the CF component in its orientation sounds for Doppler-shift compensation. The bat's inner ear is mechanically specialized for fine analysis of sounds at about 61–62 kHz. Because of this specialization, cochlear microphonics (CM) evoked by 61–62 kHz tone bursts exhibit prominent transients, slow increase and decrease in amplitude at the onset and cessation of these stimuli. CM-responses to 60–61 kHz tone bursts show a prominent input-output non-linearity and transients. Accordingly, a summated response of primary auditory neurones (N1) appears not only at the onset of the stimuli, but also at the cessation. N1-off is sharply tuned at 60–61 kHz, while N1-on is tuned at 63–64 kHz, which is 2 kHz higher than the best frequency of the auditory system because of the envelope-distortion originating from sharp mechanical tuning. Single peripheral neurones sensitive to 61–62 kHz sounds have an unusually sharp tuning curve and show phase-locked responses to beats of up to 3 kHz. Information about the frequencies of Doppler-shifted echoes is thus coded by a set of sharply tuned neurones and also discharges phase-locked to beats. Neurones with a best frequency between 55 and 64 kHz show not only tonic on-responses but also off-responses which are apparently related to the mechanical off-transient occuring in the inner ear and not to a rebound from neural inhibition.

Peripheral control of acoustic signals in the auditory system of echolocating bats

1975 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Suga ◽  
P. H. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cochlear Microphonic ◽  
Fusion Frequency ◽  
Incoming Signal ◽  
Self Stimulation

Many species of echolocating bats emit intense orientation sounds. If such intense sounds directly stimulated their ears, detection of faint echoes would be impaired. Therefore, possible mechanisms for the attenuation of self-stimulation were studied with Myotis lucifugus. The acoustic middle-ear-muscle reflex could perfectly and transiently regulate the amplitude of an incoming signal only at its beginning. However, its shortest latency in terms of electromyograms and of the attenuation of the cochlear microphonic was 3–4 and 4–8 msec, respectively, so that these muscles failed to attenuate orientation signals by the reflex. The muscles, however, received a message from the vocalization system when the bat vocalized, and contracted synchronously with vocalization. The duration of the contraction-relaxation was so short that the self-stimulation was attenuated, but the echoes were not. The tetanus-fusion frequency of tha stapedium muscle ranged between 260 and 320/sec. Unlike the efferent fibres in the lateral-line and vestibular systems, the olivo-cochlear bundle showed no sign of attenuation of self-stimulation.

scholarly journals Combination sensitivity and processing of communication calls in the inferior colliculus of the Moustached Bat Pteronotus parnellii

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine V. Portfors
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Complex Sounds ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Communication Calls ◽  
Neural Selectivity

Many animals use complex communication calls in social behaviors. In some species we know the features in the calls that elicit particular behaviors, but we do not understand how the auditory system encodes the calls. Nor do we understand the mechanisms underlying neural selectivity to calls. Our studies of the auditory midbrain of the Moustached Bat Pteronotus parnellii have revealed a neural mechanism important for generating selective responses to calls. Neurons that integrate information across different frequencies show selectivity to communication calls. "Combination sensitivity" may be a common mechanism for encoding complex sounds because it is also important for encoding echolocation signals.

Responses of cerebellar neurons of the CF-FM bat,Pteronotus parnellii to acoustic stimuli

1982 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H.-S. Jen ◽  
Xinde Sun ◽  
Tsutomu Kamada
Keyword(s):  
Cerebellar Neurons ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Fm Bat
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