Best Practices for Third Party Pipeline Damage Risk Management With Social and Environment Responsibility: Transpetro—Petrobras Transporte S.A.

Author(s):  
Eduardo Bomfim Boszczowski ◽  
Carlos Renato Aragonez de Vasconcellos ◽  
Kleber Vini´cius da Cruz ◽  
Ozias Pereira Filho ◽  
Sarah Marcela C. Cartagena

The present paper describes the tasks developed along 550 kilometers of PETROBRAS TRANSPORTE South Region right-of-way where there are more than 1000 kilometers of onshore pipelines. This work was based on the company Integrity Management Program, with focus on risk reduction due to third party damage, promoting social accountability and environment preservation. On the Introduction there are presented pipeline failures stats in USA and Europe. It’s visible in the stats that third party damage is one of the most common pipeline failures responsibleness. In the next topics we list the mitigation methods based on the Integrity Management Program that involves risk analysis; inspection plans based on risk; plan check and program audits. On the Detailed Plan we present standards and normal requirement for pipeline integrity; the Company GIS — Geographic Information System — where you find the pipeline data with its position and depth from ground level; the action plan to correct anomalies found during inspections; and the awareness programs performed through the Communication System to answer the solicitations registered at TRANSPETRO Call Center. We also present the social and environment Responsibility Program that includes the Identification of the communities around our right-of-way, the social and environment classification and the projects development to guaranty the installation integrity that contribute to the communities quality life raise. The Communication Plan for the stakeholders is based on API 1162 – Public Awareness Programs for Pipeline Operators. This plan is accomplished by a team of different professionals such as communication and social service professionals and others. They visit Public Officials (City Hall, Civil Defense, Fire Department, Road Police and Public Services Providers), Excavators, land owners and communities with the objective to guide and publicize safe and co-responsible manners to pipeline installations. It’s remarkable the creation of especial projects in the communities along the right-of-way, such as Communitarian vegetable fields, mobile movie theaters and educational effort in high schools. We also present the results from the Integrity Program to prevent third party damage, the improvement promoted and the recommendations to make it better. At the end we present the costs involved in all actions to prevent third party damage by Brazil South Region Pipeline Operator.

Author(s):  
Alex J. Baumgard ◽  
Tara L. Coultish ◽  
Gerry W. Ferris

Over the last 15 years, BGC Engineering Inc. has developed and implemented a geohazards Integrity Management Program (IMP) with 12 major pipeline operators (consisting of gas and oil pipelines and of both gathering and transmission systems). Over this time, the program has been applied to the assessment of approximately 13,500 individual hydrotechnical and geotechnical geohazard sites spanning approximately 63,000 km of operating pipelines in Canada and the USA. Hydrotechnical (watercourse) and geotechnical (slope) hazards are the primary types of geohazards that have directly contributed to pipeline failures in Canada. As with all IMPs, the core objectives of a geohazard management system are to ensure a proactive approach that is repeatable and defensible. In order to meet these objectives, the program allows for varying levels of intensity of inspection and a recommended timescale for completion of actions to manage the identified geohazards in accordance with the degree of hazard that the site poses to the pipeline. In this way, the sites are managed in a proactive manner while remaining flexible to accommodate the most current conditions at each site. This paper will provide a background to the key components of the program related specifically to existing operating pipeline systems, present pertinent statistics on the occurrence of various types of geohazards based on the large dataset of inspections, and discuss some of the lessons learned in the form of program results and program challenges from implementing a geohazard integrity management system for a dozen operators with different ages of systems, complexity of pipeline networks, and in varied geographic settings.


Author(s):  
Terry Boss ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Bernie Selig ◽  
John Zurcher

The requirement to perform Integrity Management Programs (IMP) in the U.S. was mandated by Congress at the end of 2002. Actual inspections began in 2004. The Interstate Natural Gas Association of America, (INGAA), began a program to measure the effectiveness of the IMP (Integrity Management Program) with some of its member companies, representing approximately 120,000 miles of transmission pipeline. The U.S. has 295,000miles of on shore gas transmission piping. This paper provides 6 years of gathered data on IMP activities and compares them to PHMSA data. The INGAA participating companies have inspected more than 80% of their High Consequence Areas (HCAs) while the total for all PHMSA miles is more than 90% by the end of 2009. The number of PHMSA reported immediate and scheduled repairs being made in HCAs is 0.17 repairs/mile of assessed HCA averaged over the 6 year period. The total number of all repairs reported for the INGAA companies is an average of 0.11 repairs per mile of HCA inspected. There were 6 reportable incidents in HCAs in 2009 for all onshore gas transmission piping, 5 of which were due to third party caused damage. Reassessments, re-inspection of pipe that already had a baseline inspection, are reported for the INGAA program. For calendar years 2007 through 2009, a total of 641 HCA miles of pipeline have been reassessed. There were 19 repairs made in the reassessed pipe, equating to 0.03 repairs/mile, a 73% reduction in the number of repairs in reassessed pipeline.


Author(s):  
Gerald Ferris ◽  
Sarah Newton ◽  
Minh Ho

Abstract Plains Midstream Canada (PMC) completes a watercourse crossing program as part of its overall integrity management program. The approximately 9,900 kilometers of operating and discontinued pipelines are evaluated within the watercourse crossing program. The pipelines are located throughout the Canadian Provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario. The terrain traversed ranges from relatively steep near the Rocky Mountains to extremely flat in northern Alberta and Southern Ontario. Since 2008, PMC’s systematic watercourse crossing program has evolved and now consists of approximately 5,000 individual watercourse crossings. The bankfull width of the watercourses ranges from less than 1 m for intermittent streams to more than 700 m at major rivers. The watercourse crossing program is subjected to a continuous improvement process, with a focus on key learnings from pipeline failures, free spans and exposure. This paper describes the results from the program over the last 10 years and highlights program improvements. In addition, data from a failure and three free spans on the pipelines now owned by PMC, but where the exposure, free span or failure occurred prior to PMC purchasing the pipelines were added to expand the available data for the key learnings.


Author(s):  
Jose Luis Martinez Gonzalez ◽  
Enrique Rodriguez Betancourt ◽  
Roberto Ramirez ◽  
Lorenzo Martinez Gomez ◽  
Arturo Godoy Simon

Some pipeline operators evaluate risk on an individual pipeline basis even if the right of way (ROW) is shared with other pipelines. Determining a ROW strip risk condition may be complex or quite simple, according to the model adopted by the analyst. If the pipelines allocated in a shared ROW belong to different operators it is very likely that they apply different methods to evaluate a risk condition. The relative risk contribution cannot be added to estimate the risk of a ROW strip. In Mexico insurance companies request studies of collective risk in pipelines to decide whether to increase a prime or reduce coverage. This request does not have technical support or engineering guidelines to perform the analysis. In Pemex there are few documented events where a pipeline failure affects parallel pipelines, known as collateral damage. There are some methods to estimate a potential collateral damage as a function of soil damping and separation between pipelines (Ref.2). This scheme applies for gas pipelines and has to be complemented with an ignition scenario probabilistic analysis. In the case of hazardous liquids scenarios of leak and rupture have to be considered, including potential shed routes, product concentration sites and operator response capability. Since risk is assessed with particular and specific attributes of a pipeline the probability of failure cannot be directly added to adjacent pipelines. There are some failure mechanisms common for pipelines sharing the ROW, such as external corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC), with different intensity when considering coating and corrosion protection (CP) efficiency. Internal corrosion depends on other factors such as product features so it does not necessarily repeat with the same magnitude in all pipelines. Pipeline threats can be expected to be the same in this case — with different intensity. For instance, third party activity and weather can threaten all pipelines allocated in the same ROW. These pipelines may present similar symptoms with different magnitude. Cover depth, additional protection and wall thickness play an important role in reducing third party (TP) and weather and outside forces (WOF) threats. The paper provides risk results of a ROW strip based on probability of failure values. Pipelines with biggest risk contribution were identified and integrity management alignment diagrams were obtained to correlate with risk values. A simple algorithm was developed to process risk results in terms on shared ROW buffer dimensions. The study is complemented with the results of a consequence simulation analysis for a gas pipeline


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-104
Author(s):  
Mahfudz Junaedi

In the midst of the social changes that continue to occur today, divorces at Wonosobo increased high enough, it can even be said to occur on a massive scale.In general, the incedence of divorce are the root causes of the economic factor isthe ability of the husband in the household that evolved conention and strife that never cease. Divorce is more dominant from wives becouse of economic factors and strife. Another factor is that a third party (cheating), and lack of maturity, while KUA’s role as an institution has not been optimalized. The phenomenon of divorce can be changed if there is a systematic effort through education and public awareness about the importance of nurturing the love (sakinah, mawaddah, rahmah) in domestic life, because the actual prototype is located in the domestic life that is based on relationships loving, tolerant, appreciate differences.


Author(s):  
Ma´rcia Cauduro

Objective: This work aims to present to the Plan of Communications and Relationship with Communities implemented by TBG as a tool for the Bolivia-Brazil Pipeline integrity management. Scope: In studies carried out by the European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group (EGIG), global statistics demonstrate that most accidents involving pipelines are caused by improper actions of third parties. The expansion of sugar cane crops and the improvements in utilities, such as telephone, electricity, water and sewage services in the cities along the pipeline have increased the number of events of interference in the right-of-way. These facts have evidenced the need for creating a Plan of Communications and Relationship with landowners and neighboring communities to assure the continuous monitoring of the Bolivia-Brazil Pipeline right-of-way. The Plan of Communications and Relationship with Communities is designed to reduce the risk of accidents caused by the improper action of third parties. The strategy of action is focused on strengthening the relationships among the right-of-way technical staff, TBG subcontractors, and other publics affected by the pipeline. It also encourages the use of the toll-free Gas Hotline (0800 026 0400) - TBG main communication channel with communities. The intensive publicity targeted at specific audiences ensures that local populations and other relevant publics raise their awareness on the importance of preserving the right-of-way, and the precautions that must be taken in their neighborhoods, mainly in cases of interferences, such as urban improvement projects and farming activities by keeping permanent contact with TBG through the Gas Hotline. This work will also present the interfaces among the right-of-way technical staff, the corporate communications team, and specific target audiences; communication resources, guidelines, technical training programs, Gas Hotline monitoring and management plans, indicators of services provided to the communities and landowners, and the results of the Gas Pipeline Management Program.


2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Joyce

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the 2016 elections for Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and to compare them with those that took place in 2012. It seeks to evaluate the background of the candidates who stood for office in 2016, the policies that they put forward, the results of the contests and the implications of the 2016 experience for future PCC elections. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based around several key themes – the profile of candidates who stood for election, preparations conducted prior to the contests taking place, the election campaign and issues raised during the contests, the results and the profile of elected candidates. The paper is based upon documentary research, making particular use of primary source material. Findings The research establishes that affiliation to a political party became the main route for successful candidates in 2016 and that local issues related to low-level criminality will dominate the future policing agenda. It establishes that although turnout was higher than in 2012, it remains low and that further consideration needs to be devoted to initiatives to address this for future PCC election contests. Research limitations/implications The research focusses on the 2016 elections and identifies a number of key issues that emerged during the campaign affecting the conduct of the contests which have a bearing on future PCC elections. It treats these elections as a bespoke topic and does not seek to place them within the broader context of the development of the office of PCC. Practical implications The research suggests that in order to boost voter participation in future PCC election contests, PCCs need to consider further means to advertise the importance of the role they perform and that the government should play a larger financial role in funding publicity for these elections and consider changing the method of election. Social implications The rationale for introducing PCCs was to empower the public in each police force area. However, issues that include the enhanced importance of political affiliation as a criteria for election in 2016 and the social unrepresentative nature of those who stood for election and those who secured election to this office in these contests coupled with shortcomings related to public awareness of both the role of PCCs and the timing of election contests threaten to undermine this objective. Originality/value The extensive use of primary source material ensures that the subject matter is original and its interpretation is informed by an academic perspective.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4351
Author(s):  
Seung-Yeop Paek ◽  
Mahesh K. Nalla ◽  
Yong-Tae Chun ◽  
Julak Lee

The current research explored the predictors of how police officers perceived the importance of combatting cybercrime. This is an era in which industrial security is threatened by perpetrators who use advanced techniques to steal information online. Understanding how law enforcement officers view the control of cybercrimes, especially those that steal confidential business information, can inform industrial espionage prevention and help maintain a nation’s industrial competitiveness in the world market. We surveyed a convenience sample of South Korean police officers attending training at the Police Human Resources Development Institute (PHRDI) using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. The results indicated that the officers’ perceptions of colleagues’ and organizational views on cybercrime control significantly impacted their attitudes. Additionally, officers’ perceptions of the seriousness of online theft (in this paper, we use the terms online theft and property cybercrime interchangeably) and their computer proficiency were also found to affect their views on the importance of combatting cybercrimes. We conclude by suggesting that the police take a proactive organizational approach to prevent and respond to online property crimes through education and public awareness programs, which could positively impact the prevention of industrial espionage.


2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-198
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bussiere

Sweeping across the social and political landscape of the northeastern United States during the late 1820s and early 1830s, the Antimasonic Party has earned a modest immortality as the first “third” party in American history. In pamphlets, speeches, sermons, protests, and other venues, Antimasons lambasted the fraternal order of Freemasonry as undemocratic, inegalitarian, and un-Christian, reviling it as a threat to the moral order and civic health of the Early Republic. Because they believed that the fraternal organization largely controlled all levels of government, antebellum Antimasons first created a social movement and then an independent political party. Even before the full emergence of modern mass democratic politics, Antimasons demonstrated the benefits of party organization, open national nominating conventions, and party platforms. Scholars with otherwise different perspectives on the “party period” tend to agree that Antimasonry had an important impact on what became the first true mass party organizations—the Jacksonian Democrats and the Whigs—and helped push the political culture in a more egalitarian and populist direction.


Author(s):  
Brittany Goldsmith ◽  
Elizabeth Foyt ◽  
Madhu Hariharan

As offshore field developments move into deeper water, one of the greatest challenges is in designing riser systems capable of overcoming the added risks of more severe environments, complicated well requirements and uncertainty of operating conditions. The failure of a primary riser component could lead to unacceptable consequences, including environmental damage, lost production and possible injury or loss of human life. Identification of the risks facing riser systems and management of these risks are essential to ensure that riser systems operate without failure. Operators have recognized the importance of installing instrumentation such as global positioning systems (GPS), vessel motion measurement packages, wind and wave sensors and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) units to monitor vessel motions and environmental conditions. Additionally, high precision monitoring equipment has been developed for capturing riser response. Measured data from these instruments allow an operator to determine when the limits of acceptable response, predicted by analysis or determined by physical limitations of the riser components, have been exceeded. Regular processing of measured data through automated routines ensures that integrity can be quickly assessed. This is particularly important following extreme events, such as a hurricane or loop current. High and medium alert levels are set for each parameter, based on design analysis and operating data. Measured data is compared with these alert levels, and when an alert level is reached, further response evaluation or inspection of the components in question is recommended. This paper will describe the role of offshore monitoring in an integrity management program and discuss the development of alert levels based on potential failure modes of the riser systems. The paper will further demonstrate how this process is key for an effective integrity management program for deepwater riser systems.


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