Pipelines Risk and Integrity Management in Shared Right of Way: Case Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Martinez Gonzalez ◽  
Enrique Rodriguez Betancourt ◽  
Roberto Ramirez ◽  
Lorenzo Martinez Gomez ◽  
Arturo Godoy Simon
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Risk Condition ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Risk Contribution

Some pipeline operators evaluate risk on an individual pipeline basis even if the right of way (ROW) is shared with other pipelines. Determining a ROW strip risk condition may be complex or quite simple, according to the model adopted by the analyst. If the pipelines allocated in a shared ROW belong to different operators it is very likely that they apply different methods to evaluate a risk condition. The relative risk contribution cannot be added to estimate the risk of a ROW strip. In Mexico insurance companies request studies of collective risk in pipelines to decide whether to increase a prime or reduce coverage. This request does not have technical support or engineering guidelines to perform the analysis. In Pemex there are few documented events where a pipeline failure affects parallel pipelines, known as collateral damage. There are some methods to estimate a potential collateral damage as a function of soil damping and separation between pipelines (Ref.2). This scheme applies for gas pipelines and has to be complemented with an ignition scenario probabilistic analysis. In the case of hazardous liquids scenarios of leak and rupture have to be considered, including potential shed routes, product concentration sites and operator response capability. Since risk is assessed with particular and specific attributes of a pipeline the probability of failure cannot be directly added to adjacent pipelines. There are some failure mechanisms common for pipelines sharing the ROW, such as external corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC), with different intensity when considering coating and corrosion protection (CP) efficiency. Internal corrosion depends on other factors such as product features so it does not necessarily repeat with the same magnitude in all pipelines. Pipeline threats can be expected to be the same in this case — with different intensity. For instance, third party activity and weather can threaten all pipelines allocated in the same ROW. These pipelines may present similar symptoms with different magnitude. Cover depth, additional protection and wall thickness play an important role in reducing third party (TP) and weather and outside forces (WOF) threats. The paper provides risk results of a ROW strip based on probability of failure values. Pipelines with biggest risk contribution were identified and integrity management alignment diagrams were obtained to correlate with risk values. A simple algorithm was developed to process risk results in terms on shared ROW buffer dimensions. The study is complemented with the results of a consequence simulation analysis for a gas pipeline

Best Practices for Third Party Pipeline Damage Risk Management With Social and Environment Responsibility: Transpetro—Petrobras Transporte S.A.

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bomfim Boszczowski ◽  
Carlos Renato Aragonez de Vasconcellos ◽  
Kleber Vini´cius da Cruz ◽  
Ozias Pereira Filho ◽  
Sarah Marcela C. Cartagena
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Pipeline Failures

The present paper describes the tasks developed along 550 kilometers of PETROBRAS TRANSPORTE South Region right-of-way where there are more than 1000 kilometers of onshore pipelines. This work was based on the company Integrity Management Program, with focus on risk reduction due to third party damage, promoting social accountability and environment preservation. On the Introduction there are presented pipeline failures stats in USA and Europe. It’s visible in the stats that third party damage is one of the most common pipeline failures responsibleness. In the next topics we list the mitigation methods based on the Integrity Management Program that involves risk analysis; inspection plans based on risk; plan check and program audits. On the Detailed Plan we present standards and normal requirement for pipeline integrity; the Company GIS — Geographic Information System — where you find the pipeline data with its position and depth from ground level; the action plan to correct anomalies found during inspections; and the awareness programs performed through the Communication System to answer the solicitations registered at TRANSPETRO Call Center. We also present the social and environment Responsibility Program that includes the Identification of the communities around our right-of-way, the social and environment classification and the projects development to guaranty the installation integrity that contribute to the communities quality life raise. The Communication Plan for the stakeholders is based on API 1162 – Public Awareness Programs for Pipeline Operators. This plan is accomplished by a team of different professionals such as communication and social service professionals and others. They visit Public Officials (City Hall, Civil Defense, Fire Department, Road Police and Public Services Providers), Excavators, land owners and communities with the objective to guide and publicize safe and co-responsible manners to pipeline installations. It’s remarkable the creation of especial projects in the communities along the right-of-way, such as Communitarian vegetable fields, mobile movie theaters and educational effort in high schools. We also present the results from the Integrity Program to prevent third party damage, the improvement promoted and the recommendations to make it better. At the end we present the costs involved in all actions to prevent third party damage by Brazil South Region Pipeline Operator.

scholarly journals CioSy: A Collaborative Blockchain-Based Insurance System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Faiza Loukil ◽  
Khouloud Boukadi ◽  
Rasheed Hussain ◽  
Mourad Abed
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Multiple Challenges

The insurance industry is heavily dependent on several processes executed among multiple entities, such as insurer, insured, and third-party services. The increasingly competitive environment is pushing insurance companies to use advanced technologies to address multiple challenges, namely lack of trust, lack of transparency, and economic instability. To this end, blockchain is used as an emerging technology that enables transparent and secure data storage and transmission. In this paper, we propose CioSy, a collaborative blockchain-based insurance system for monitoring and processing the insurance transactions. To the best of our knowledge, the existing approaches do not consider collaborative insurance to achieve an automated, transparent, and tamper-proof solution. CioSy aims at automating the insurance policy processing, claim handling, and payment using smart contracts. For validation purposes, an experimental prototype is developed on Ethereum blockchain. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach is both feasible and economical in terms of time and cost.

scholarly journals Which health-related reasons lead to prehospital emergency care and how does subjective emergency status connect to subsequent care?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Piedmont ◽  
Anna Katharina Reinhold ◽  
Jens-Oliver Bock ◽  
Enno Swart ◽  
Bernt-Peter Robra
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Prehospital Emergency Care ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Prehospital Emergency ◽  
Health Insurance Companies ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Objectives/Background In many countries, the use of emergency medical services (EMS) increases steadily each year. At the same time, the percentage of life-threatening complaints decreases. To redesign the system, an assessment and consideration of the patients’ perspectives is helpful. Methods We conducted a paper-based survey of German EMS patients who had at least one case of prehospital emergency care in 2016. Four health insurance companies sent out the questionnaire to 1312 insured persons. We linked the self-reported data of 254 respondents to corresponding claims data provided by their health insurance companies. The analysis focuses a.) how strongly patients tend to call EMS for themselves and others given different health-related scenarios, b.) self-perceived health complaints in their own index case of prehospital emergency care and c.) subjective emergency status in combination with so-called “objective” characteristics of subsequent EMS and inpatient care. We report principal diagnoses of (1) respondents, (2) 57,240 EMS users who are not part of the survey and (3) all 20,063,689 inpatients in German hospitals. Diagnoses for group 1 and 2 only cover the inpatient stay that started on the day of the last EMS use in 2016. Results According to the survey, the threshold to call an ambulance is lower for someone else than for oneself. In 89% of all cases during their own EMS use, a third party called the ambulance. The most common, self-reported complaints were pain (38%), problems with heart and circulation (32%), and loss of consciousness (17%). The majority of respondents indicated that their EMS use was due to an emergency (89%). We could detect no or only weak associations between patients’ subjective urgency and different items for objective care. Conclusion Dispatchers can possibly optimize or reduce the disposition of EMS staff and vehicles if they spoke directly to the patients more often. Nonetheless, there is need for further research on how strongly the patients’ perceived urgency may affect the disposition, rapidness of the service and transport targets.

Earthquake in Papua New Guinea Results in New Concept for Securing Pipelines in Ridgeline Right-of-Way: The Micropile Contiguous Wall

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Ladenhauf ◽  
Frank Remmert ◽  
Christoph Prager ◽  
Rhyssheffer Birthwright ◽  
Daniel Cushing
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Slope Stabilization ◽  
Earthquake Loads ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Wall System

Abstract On February 25 (UTC), 2018, the project, a combine of wellpads, gathering lines, transport pipelines and its facilities, sustained a Mw7.5 earthquake, and ca. 300 aftershocks, epicentered directly under the key facilities. Around 150 km of high-pressure gas and condensate pipelines were affected. A number of design and construction decisions protected the pipelines, and prevented serious damage. However, the earthquake disturbed several sections of the pipeline Right-of-Way (ROW), which subsequently required intervention and stabilization. The challenges associated with re-occupying the remotely-situated, mountainous and disturbed ROW, and safely installing stabilization structures, led to the development of a new pipeline stabilization concept: the contiguous Micropile-Wall system. The concept, leveraging tools and techniques from the tunneling industry, and practices from the Alpine region, consists of 139.7 mm micro piles, installed in 3 m joints, in rows along either side of the pipeline. Once installed, opposing rows of these micropiles are attached to each other at ground level with steel tendons. This new concept can be installed using light equipment with minimal vibration and ground disturbance. It is designed to sustain significant earthquake loads, does not retain groundwater, and is resistant to corrosion and third-party damage. This concept was developed and selected in order to repair parts of the damaged ROW and ensure pipe integrity. Future deterioration of the adjacent slopes was taken into account, but slope stabilization for several dozens of landslides was not looked into, as this would have been too large an effort considering the remoteness of the terrain, climatic conditions, safety considerations and other constraints.

scholarly journals The Application of Bühlmann‑Straub Model with Data Correction for the Estimation of Net Premium Rates in Bonus‑Malus Systems of the Motor Third Liability Insurance

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (336) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Anna Edyta Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
New Method ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Data Correction ◽  
Insurance Portfolio ◽  
Premium Rates ◽  
The Right

One of the elements used in the process of tariff calculation of premiums in motor liability insurance is a bonus‑malus system. This systems takes into account the “claims ratio” by means of increases and discounts of the base premium called net premium rates. The aim of this work is to propose an estimation method of the net premium rates in the bonus‑malus classes of the motor third‑party liability insurance portfolio of individuals. The Bühlmann‑Straub model was used for the premium estimation. In order to improve the credibility of the estimated premium rates, a data correction in the classes with premium increase was preformed. An example of the application of the new method is presented based on the data obtained from one of the insurance companies operating on the Polish market, which has reserved the right to stay anonymous.

Qualitative and Semi-Quantitative Model for Estimating the Probability of Failure at River Crossings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo B. Sancio ◽  
Patricia Varela ◽  
David Vance ◽  
Kourosh Abdolmaleki ◽  
Millan Sen
Keyword(s):  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Scour Depth ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Span Length ◽  
Qualitative Model ◽  
Scoring Model ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Integrity Assessments

Abstract Pipeline river crossings are typically managed by using a combination of flood monitoring, ground inspections, integrity assessments, and remediations. Using a probabilistic model to assess the likelihood of failure at river crossings would enable combined consideration of all factors that contribute to the failure threat, provide site rankings to support discrete mitigation prioritizations, allow for evaluation of whether a crossing is acceptable in regard to a risk target, and provide a “check” to the deterministic integrity management methods. This paper describes two models for estimating the pipeline probability of failure at river crossings. The first model is a qualitative scoring model that can be easily implemented by operators and consultants. This model employs a weighting-factors approach to consider the multiple variables that contribute to pipeline exposures and overstress given exposure. The results may be applied to threat rank diverse crossings, as well estimate the probability of failure at a crossing relative to that at historical failure sites. The second model is a semi-quantitative model that 1) estimates the likelihood of a crossing exposure occurring, 2) estimates the associated scour length, 3) assesses the pipelines critical span length, and 4) quantifies the probability that a span length longer than the critical span length could form. This model may be applied to achieve the same goals as the qualitative model, and also compare the probability of failure at a river crossing to a reliability target. Due to the complexity of this model and the paper length limits, it is conceptually described within this paper. The results demonstrated that the model output site rankings correlated reasonably with those estimated by pipeline integrity program managers, the scour depth and length prediction results were consistent with measured historical scours, and the pipeline probability of failure at the assessed river crossings were within expected ranges.

OSIGURANjE ŽIVOTA U KORIST TREĆIH LICA

2021 ◽  
pp. 535-551
Author(s):  
Zoran Miladinović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Insurance Law ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Insured Person ◽  
Insured Event

Insurance of life in favor of third parties is more important than the insurance of life in case of death. Moreover, in some rights this type of insurance can be contracted only in the event of the death of the insured person. There are no such restrictions in our insurance law, which means that the same can be agreed in case the isured person reaches a certain age. With this type of insurance, the insured event can be realized on the person of the insurance policyholders or on some other person. The insured person can therefore be the insurance contractor himself and it can also be another person. Considering that in this type of insurance, upon the occurrence of the insured event, the payment of the insured amount is always made to a certain third party beneficiary and that the insurance contract mentions several persons with different legal status, the insurance contract must clearly define the issues such as clear determination of the beneficiary insurance, what happens if the insurance beneficiary dies before the insured person, or the contractor assures, whether it is necessary for the insurance beneficiary to give his consent to be paid compensation, whether and until when the insurance policyholder can revoke the benefit he has contracted for a third party-beneficiary of the insured, etc. All these issues are mainly regulated by legal provisions, but of particular importance are General Conditions of life insurance of life insurance companies, as the above issues are clearly defined on the basis of experiences that have proven to be open in practice.

scholarly journals Development, Implementation, and Use of a Neurology Therapeutics Committee

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2329048X1983047
Author(s):  
Edward B. Clark ◽  
Russell J. Butterfield ◽  
Francis M. Filloux ◽  
Joshua L. Bonkowsky
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Therapy Choice ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
Therapeutics Committee

Innovative therapeutics are transforming care of children with previously untreatable neurological disorders. However, there are challenges in the use of new therapies: the medicine may not be effective in all patients, administration may not be tolerated, and matching therapy choice to patient is complex. Finally, costs are high, which imposes financial burdens on insurance companies, families, and the health-care system. Our objective was to address challenges for clinical implementation of the new therapeutics. We sought to develop a process that would be personalized for patient and disease, encourage appropriate use of a therapeutic agent while mitigating pressure on a clinician to prescribe the therapy in all instances, and assist third-party payers in approving therapeutic use based on safety and efficacy. We report our creation of a Neurology Therapeutics Committee for pediatric patients. We review the committee’s mechanisms, describe its use and report outcomes, and suggest the Neurology Therapeutics Committee’s broader applicability.

Using Ultrasound to Gauge Pipeline Internal Corrosion With Coating for ICDA

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingshan Feng ◽  
Zupei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Test Time ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Direct Assessment ◽  
Metal Thickness ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Non Destructive

Internal corrosion direct assessment (ICDA) for pipeline enhances the abilities to assess internal corrosion in pipeline and is based on the principle that corrosion is most likely where water first accumulates. ICDA employs the same four-step process as all other direct assessment methods. The important step is direct examinations: the pipeline is excavated and examined at locations prioritized to have the highest likelihood of corrosion. A variety of inservice non-destructive examination processes are available to pipeline operators to inspect for internal corrosion. Manual assessment of internal corrosion is considered more challenging than normal external corrosion assessments since the corrosion feature is not visible and must be interpreted by the ultrasonic response, but in the past ultrasonic test need always remove the coating and then measure on the surface of bare pipe, which brings the measurement point of the pipe body more risk because of weaker quality of patch coating. Recently, advances in the design of ultrasonic corrosion thickness gauges utilizing dual element transducers have made it possible to take accurate metal thickness measurements while coatings need not to be removed. This feature is often referred to as echo-to-echo thickness measurements. Using the ultrasound thickness gauge to measure pipeline internal corrosion while external coatings need not to be removed can keep the integrity of coating, make pipeline operating and monitoring more economical and improve inspection activities to estimate corrosion in pipelines for ICDA. Gauge equipment requirement, Measurement procedures and Accuracy were validated in laboratory. How to arrange the gauge locations, interval test time and data treatment and analysis also are the key steps of ICDA for integrity management.

Performance-Based NDE Personnel Qualifications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry M. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Nondestructive Examination ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Task Team ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Division 2

This paper establishes an alternative approach for nondestructive examination (NDE) personnel qualification for the boiler and pressure vessel (B&PV) industry. This is the “white paper” developed by the Section XI, Division 2, Task Team, Performance-based NDE Personnel Qualifications. It is anticipated to be the basis for the NDE personnel qualification criteria for the revised Section XI, Division 2, REQUIREMENTS FOR RELIABILITY AND INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT (RIM) PROGRAM FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS that is currently being developed. Based on review of a number of quantitative NDE reliability studies conducted to-date the current deterministic approach to NDE personnel qualification based on such schemes as ASNT SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT CP-189, EN-473, ISO-9712 and other similar approaches are not as effective as desired. The goal of this document is to present an alternative approach to the deterministic NDE personnel qualification schemes. This paper presents a systematic approach to training together with performance-based tests, psychometrically validated evaluation of knowledge and skills that will improve a NDE candidate’s performance. A majority of traditional employer-based written examinations are not developed or validated psychometrically. The use of third-party psychometrically validated examinations would replace the current practice of employer developed and administered examinations. It improves upon traditional ASNT SNT-TC-1A, ASNT/ANSI CP-189, ISO-9712, etc., requirements by including more comprehensive hands-on practical examinations on a statistically valid set of samples containing flaws representative of those expected to be encounter in shop and field conditions. The sample sets will be designed for either a “general” NDE method, or “limited” technique(s) of a method, or for industry specific sector needs, as applicable.

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