scholarly journals Best Practices for Fresh Juice Production

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg W. Schrader ◽  
Lisamarie Kane
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Florida Citrus

In late 1995 an outbreak of Salmonella was traced to unpasteurized orange juice. In response to the outbreak, the Florida Citrus Commission has recommended several amendments to the Department of Citrus Rules. Regardless of the outcome of these amendments, there exists a series of “best practices” to help insure the production of a consistent product of sound nature. This paper focuses on best practices in process design, equipment and facility design. A brief overview of microbiology is given with attention to source of contamination and environmental conditions for microbial growth. Paper published with permission.

An Aid in Selecting the Brand, Size and Other Strategic Choices for a Hotel

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Morey ◽  
David A. Dittman
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right

The “go/no-go” decision for a candidate property, i.e., whether or not to actually acquire the site, choose the brand (flag), build and operate the hotel, requires the explicit consideration of the interconnectedness of the many myriad elements affecting the property's potential profits. The many facility design decisions (number and mix of rooms, capacity for F&B operations etc.) as well as other strategic choices (e.g., size of marketing program, level of service aimed for) must recognize the site's competitive features and interactions with the above. Also, the particular design and operational features for a given property will affect its different revenue streams, fixed and variable costs, efficiency and profits. The authors consider developers contemplating acquiring a given site, choosing a brand, building and operating a new hotel. They offer a normative approach for this type of decision which arrives endogenously at possibly attractive options for the brand, design and strategic choices for the site. The final decision as to which option to actually use, if any, should be based on subjecting the above identified scenarios, as well as others, to traditional feasibility analyses where judgment and expert opinion are applied. The authors' implementable approach integrates a “best practices” benchmarking methodology with regression analysis to yield a mathematical programming optimization model. A key advantage of this approach lies in its contrast to conventional approaches for site selection which often ignore the more detailed design and strategic choices. The approach deals explicitly with the complex interfaces between marketing and operations management as the endogenous site and competitive environmental factors interact with the endogenous brand and facility design choices. By identifying attractive options to be further explored (that might otherwise be overlooked), several types of errors are avoided: i) an incorrect “go/no go” decision could be recommended for the site in question; ii) even if the right decision to proceed is made, the forecasted level of annualized profits could be in error, leading to an incorrect priority for the activity; iii) the incorrect brand and facility design choices could be made for the site. Other key advantages of the suggested approach are that 1) various substitution possibilities (between more or less capital, labor, materials etc.) are considered; 2) not only is the best brand and configuration identified, but also a ranking of other brands is available if the “best” brand is not available; 3) the “best practices” at other specific sites (which serve as the basis for the recommendations) are identified, thereby enabling management (possibly through site visits) to isolate the actual cultures, processes and procedures to be transported and emulated at the candidate site. This paper illustrates the approach for two different sites.

CHANGES IN MINERAL N AND NUMBERS OF BACTERIA AND ACTINOMYCETES DURING TWO YEARS UNDER WHEAT-FALLOW IN SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
V. O. BIEDERBECK
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil Microbial

The aim of this study was to identify, in situ, some of the microbial responses to environmental conditions previously noted in experiments in the laboratory and field. Soil samples were taken from a Brown Chernozem under a wheat-fallow rotation at 2-wk intervals during spring and autumn and at 4-wk intervals in winter and summer for a 2-yr period. Nitrate-N and exchangeable NH4-N, and numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes by plate count, were measured in 0- to 2.5-cm, 2.5- to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm soil layers. Changes in microbial numbers and mineral N were correlated with soil depth, available carbon and environmental conditions. Bacterial numbers ranged between 14 and 119 million per gram of soil in the 0- to 2.5-cm layer, between 9 and 47 million in the 2.5-to 15-cm layer and were 4 million in the 15- to 30-cm soil layer. Bacteria:actinomycetes ratios were 3:1 in the 0- to 2.5-cm layer, 2:1 in the 2.5- to 15-cm layer and 1:1 in the 15- to 30-cm layer. Exchangeable NH4- and NO3-N as high as 20 and 280 ppm, respectively, were found in the top 2.5 cm. Different processes with similar or opposing effects often occurred simultaneously, thus making interpretation difficult. However, we identified (i) the stepwise nature of the ammonification-nitrification process; (ii) the importance of crop residues in microbial growth, and denitrification; (iii) the flush in microbial growth when a dry soil is moistened; (iv) the importance of the tilled layer as the prime site of soil microbial activity; and (v) the rapid decrease in microbial population and activity below the tilled soil layer. There was also evidence of possible upward movement of NO3 due to temperature gradient (as soil froze), and due to evaporation.

scholarly journals Tariff At Risk: Can The Florida Citrus Industry Survive?

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Kolva ◽  
Joseph Heinzman, Jr. ◽  
Yvonne Puente
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Foreign Competitor

For over 70 years, the Florida citrus industry has been protected from foreign competition by a tariff on orange juice. The orange juice tariff is currently being threatened by negotiations over the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Brazil is the leading foreign competitor to the Florida citrus industry. The tariff prevents Brazil from becoming a large citrus cartel that could take control of the worlds orange juice market. The Florida citrus industry contributes $9.1 billion to Floridas economy and provides jobs for 90,000 Florida citizens. Orange juice production is a key to the strength of Floridas economy. Florida citrus growers argue that the tariff is the most important issue facing the industrys survival. Without the tariff, Florida citrus growers are in danger of going out of business. This could devastate Floridas economy. It is important that Florida citrus growers and FTAA negotiators unite and intensify efforts to protect the citrus tariff and ensure the survival of Floridas citrus industry.

A Technology for Pattern-Based Process Design and its Application to Collaboration Engineering

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen L. Kolfschoten ◽  
Robert O. Briggs ◽  
Gert-Jan de Vreede
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Collaboration Engineering ◽  
Collaborative Business Process ◽  
Collaboration Process ◽  
Process Managers ◽  
Collaboration Process Design

As many business processes are collaborative in nature, process leaders or process managers play a pivotal role designing collaboration processes for organization. To support the design task of creating a new collaborative business process, best practices or design patterns can be used as building blocks. For such purposes, a library of design patterns and guidelines would be useful, not only to capture the best practices for different activities in the process in a database, but to also offer the users of this database support in selecting and combining such patterns, and in creating the process design. This chapter describes the requirements for a tool for pattern based collaboration process design, specifically for design efforts following the Collaboration Engineering approach.

Bioremediation and Biodegradation Technologies for Removal of Pollutants and Wastes from the Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 288-310
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Exposure Risks ◽  
Concentration Limits

Bioremediation is defined as the process whereby organic wastes are biologically degraded under controlled conditions to an innocuous state, or to levels below concentration limits established by regulatory authorities. For bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to harmless products. As bioremediation can be effective only where environmental conditions permit microbial growth and activity, its application often involves the manipulation of environmental parameters to allow microbial growth and degradation to proceed at a faster rate. Bioremediation techniques are typically more economic than traditional methods such as incineration, and some pollutants can be treated on site, thus reducing exposure risks for clean-up personnel, or potentially wider exposure as a result of transportation accidents. Bioremediation is based on natural attenuation. The public considers it more acceptable than other technologies.

scholarly journals Can Handling Systems

1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Stilling
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Handling Methods ◽  
Florida Citrus

It is well-known that methods for handling empty cans in can plants and packing plants have been undergoing considerable change during the past few years. I know that many of you here today have been active in promoting such changes and in cooperating with the can producers to the end that the changes may be of mutual benefit. That there has been considerable progress in can handling methods is particularly true of the Florida Citrus Industry — which has used over 1-1/2 billion 6 oz. juice cans annually to pack fresh, frozen concentrated orange juice. Paper published with permission.

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