Preliminary Economics of Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Larson ◽  
Stefano Consonni ◽  
Thomas G. Kreutz
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Performance Modeling ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Pulp Production

Black liquor, the lignin-rich byproduct of kraft pulp production, is burned in boiler/steam turbine cogeneration systems at pulp mills today to provide heat and power for onsite use. Black liquor gasification technologies under development would enable this fuel to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports preliminary economics of 100-MWe scale integrated black-liquor gasifier/combined cycles using alternative commercially proposed gasifier designs. The economics are based on detailed full-load performance modeling and on capital, operating and maintenance costs developed in collaboration with engineers at Bechtel Corporation and Stone & Webster Engineering. Comparisons with conventional boiler/steam turbine systems are included. [S0742-4795(00)00402-6]

scholarly journals Preliminary Economics of Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Larson ◽  
Stefano Consonni ◽  
Thomas G. Kreutz
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Performance Modeling ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Pulp Production

Black liquor, the lignin-rich byproduct of kraft pulp production, is burned in boiler/steam turbine cogeneration systems at pulp mills today to provide heat and power for onsite use. Black liquor gasification technologies under development would enable this fuel to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports preliminary economics of 100-MWe scale integrated black-liquor gasifier/combined cycles using alternative commercially-proposed gasifier designs. The economics are based on detailed full-load performance modeling and on capital and operating and maintenance costs developed in collaboration with engineers at Bechtel Corporation and Stone and Webster Engineering. Comparisons with conventional boiler/steam turbine systems are included.

Integration of Advanced Gas Turbines in Pulp and Paper Mills for Increased Power Generation

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Maunsbach ◽  
A. Isaksson ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
G. Svedberg ◽  
L. Eidensten
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Combined Cycles

The pulp and paper industry handles large amounts of energy and today produces the steam needed for the process and some of the required electricity. Several studies have shown that black liquor gasification and combined cycles increase the power production significantly compared to the traditional processes used today. It is of interest to investigate the performance when advanced gas turbines are integrated with next-generation pulp and paper mills. The present study focused on comparing the combined cycle with the integration of advanced gas turbines such as steam injected gas turbine (STIG) and evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) in pulp and paper mills. Two categories of simulations have been performed: (1) comparison of gasification of both black liquor and biomass connected to either a combined cycle or steam injected gas turbine with a heat recovery steam generator; (2) externally fired gas turbine in combination with the traditional recovery boiler. The energy demand of the pulp and paper mills is satisfied in all cases and the possibility to deliver a power surplus for external use is verified. The study investigates new system combinations of applications for advanced gas turbines.

Integration of Advanced Gas Turbines in Pulp and Paper Mills for Increased Power Generation

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Maunsbach ◽  
Anna Isaksson ◽  
Jinyue Yan ◽  
Gunnar Svedberg ◽  
Lars Eidensten
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Combined Cycles

The pulp and paper industry handles large amounts of energy and today produces the steam needed for the process and some of the required electricity. Several studies have shown that black liquor gasification and combined cycles increase the power production significantly compared to the traditional processes used today. It is of interest to investigate the performance when advanced gas turbines are integrated with next-generation pulp and paper mills. The present study focused on comparing the combined cycle with the integration of advanced gas turbines such as steam injected gas turbine (STIG) and evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) in pulp and paper mills. Two categories of simulations have been performed: (1) comparison of gasification of both black liquor and biomass connected to either a combined cycle or steam injected gas turbine with a heat recovery steam generator; (2) externally fired gas turbine in combination with the traditional recovery boiler. The energy demand of the pulp and paper mills is satisfied in all cases and the possibility to deliver a power surplus for external use is verified. The study investigates new system combinations of applications for advanced gas turbines.

Combined Biomass and Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Larson ◽  
T. G. Kreutz ◽  
S. Consonni
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills

Kraft pulp and paper mills generate large quantities of black liquor and byproduct biomass suitable for gasification. These fuels are used today for onsite cogeneration of heat and power in boiler/steam turbine systems. Gasification technologies under development would enable these fuels to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports results of detailed full-load performance modeling of pulp-mill cogeneration systems, based on gasifier/gas turbine technologies and, for comparison, on conventional steam-turbine cogeneration technologies. Pressurized, oxygen-blown black liquor gasification, the most advanced of proposed commercial black liquor gasifier designs, is considered, together with three alternative biomass gasifier designs under commercial development (high-pressure air-blown, low-pressure air-blown, and low-pressure indirectly-heated). Heavy-duty industrial gas turbines of the 70-MWe and 25-MWe class are included in the analysis. Results indicate that gasification-based cogeneration with biomass-derived fuels would transform a typical pulp mill into a significant power exporter and would also offer possibilities for net reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide relative to present practice.

Combined Biomass and Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Larson ◽  
Thomas G. Kreutz ◽  
Stefano Consonni
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills

Kraft pulp and paper mills generate large quantities of black liquor and byproduct biomass suitable for gasification. These fuels are used today for onsite cogeneration of heat and power in boiler/steam turbine systems. Gasification technologies under development would enable these fuels to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports results of detailed full-load performance modeling of pulp-mill cogeneration systems based on gasifier/gas turbine technologies and, for comparison, on conventional steam-turbine cogeneration technologies. Pressurized, oxygen-blown black liquor gasification, the most advanced of proposed commercial black liquor gasifier designs, is considered, together with three alternative biomass gasifier designs under commercial development (high-pressure air-blown, low-pressure air-blown, and low-pressure indirectly-heated). Heavy-duty industrial gas turbines of the 70-MWe and 25-MWe class are included in the analysis. Results indicate that gasification-based cogeneration with biomass-derived fuels would transform a typical pulp mill into a significant power exporter and would also offer possibilities for net reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide relative to present practice.

A filtrate phase perspective to organic matter balance in ECF bleached kraft fiberline

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Antero Luonsi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Elemental Chlorine ◽  
Softwood Kraft Pulp ◽  
Development Alternatives ◽  
Pulp Production

In the process of making high quality pulp from wood chips, much water will continuously be needed. The fate of the used water with the organic and inorganic impurities remains optional. Mills with zero liquid effluent have been mentioned as the target in environmental loading minimization of pulp and paper mills with hardly any debate. To avoid inappropriate solutions when approaching this target, thorough knowledge of loading element behavior in liquid streams of production processes should be available before decisions are made for development alternatives. Based on empirical measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in liquid streams of fiberline and utilizing them together with routine mill data in process simulation, this study aims at mapping DOM and its fate in elemental chlorine free (ECF) softwood kraft pulp production. The results of this study act as a demonstration for determining the essential fates and their quantities in the ECF fiberline.

Differential recovery of δ13C in multiple tissues of white sucker across age classes after the closure of a pulp mill

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Arciszewski ◽  
A.J. Farwell ◽  
M.R. Servos ◽  
T.D. Jardine ◽  
K.R. Munkittrick
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Gonad Tissue ◽  
Age Range

Techniques to document recovery after the closure of pulp mills that discharge enriching effluents are not well established, but δ13C may be a useful tool. In the 1990s, the muscle tissue of white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) collected downstream of two pulp and paper mills discharging into separate streams (Mattagami and Kapuskasing rivers) was enriched in 13C compared with upstream fish, suggesting uptake of pulp-derived C. The Mattagami River mill was closed in 2006, and analysis of muscle and gonad for δ13C was performed in 2011. As expected, fish captured in 2011 downstream of the operational Kapuskasing mill still showed the influence of the pulp-derived C in muscle and gonad tissue. After the closure of the Mattagami River mill, muscle tissue of white sucker was still enriched in 13C compared with upstream fish, while gonad tissue was not. The patterns observed in the Mattagami River were, however, related to age; the oldest fish showed enrichment of δ13C in both muscle and gonad tissue, suggesting the residual occurrence of pulp-derived C. This study suggests that measurements of stable isotopes in fish across a broad age range may indicate ecosystem improvements. These techniques may also be useful where no data prior to the upgrade or closure are available for comparison.

scholarly journals Addressing production bottlenecks and brownstock washer optimization via a membrane concentration system

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 467-478
Author(s):  
DIEGO F. RIVERA ◽  
MAX KLEIMAN-LYNCH ◽  
BRENT D. KELLER ◽  
STEPHEN F. FRAYNE
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Annual Operating Cost ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pulp Production

Advancements in membrane systems indicate that they will soon be robust enough to concentrate weak black liquor. To date, the economic impact of membrane systems on brownstock washing in kraft mills has not been studied and is necessary to understand the viability of these emerging systems and their best utilization. This study investigated the savings that a membrane system can generate related to brownstock washing. We found that evaporation costs are the primary barrier for mills seeking to increase wash water usage. Without these additional evaporation costs, we showed that our hypothetical 1000 tons/day bleached and brown pulp mills can achieve annual savings of over $1.0 MM when operating at higher dilution factors and fixed pulp production rate. We then investigated the impact of increasing pulp production on mills limited by their equipment. In washer-limited mill examples, we calculated that membrane systems can reduce the annual operating cost for a 7% production increase by 91%. Similarly, in evaporator-limited mill examples, membrane systems can reduce the annual operating cost for a 7% production increase by 86%. These results indicated that membrane systems make a production increase significantly more feasible for these equipment-limited mills.

Distribution of Organic Contaminants in Water and Suspended Solids of the Rainy River

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Merriman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Dioxins And Furans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Water and suspended solid samples were collected in 1986 at three stations on the Rainy River and from the final effluents of two bleached kraft pulp and paper mills discharging into the river. A wide range of organic contaminants were analysed, including organochlorine pesticides (OCs), total PCBs, chlorobenzenes (CBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorophenols (CPs). Suspended solids were also analysed for dioxins and furans. Analysis of the data indicated that for the most part, compounds were below the detection limit at the upstream end of the river. High levels of PCBs, dioxins, furans, CPs and PAHs were found in mill effluents, which resulted in some elevated concentrations in the Rainy River downstream of the mills. At the downstream end of the river, there was no impact evident for the compounds analysed.

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