Combined Biomass and Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Larson ◽  
T. G. Kreutz ◽  
S. Consonni
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills

Kraft pulp and paper mills generate large quantities of black liquor and byproduct biomass suitable for gasification. These fuels are used today for onsite cogeneration of heat and power in boiler/steam turbine systems. Gasification technologies under development would enable these fuels to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports results of detailed full-load performance modeling of pulp-mill cogeneration systems, based on gasifier/gas turbine technologies and, for comparison, on conventional steam-turbine cogeneration technologies. Pressurized, oxygen-blown black liquor gasification, the most advanced of proposed commercial black liquor gasifier designs, is considered, together with three alternative biomass gasifier designs under commercial development (high-pressure air-blown, low-pressure air-blown, and low-pressure indirectly-heated). Heavy-duty industrial gas turbines of the 70-MWe and 25-MWe class are included in the analysis. Results indicate that gasification-based cogeneration with biomass-derived fuels would transform a typical pulp mill into a significant power exporter and would also offer possibilities for net reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide relative to present practice.

Combined Biomass and Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Larson ◽  
Thomas G. Kreutz ◽  
Stefano Consonni
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills

Kraft pulp and paper mills generate large quantities of black liquor and byproduct biomass suitable for gasification. These fuels are used today for onsite cogeneration of heat and power in boiler/steam turbine systems. Gasification technologies under development would enable these fuels to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports results of detailed full-load performance modeling of pulp-mill cogeneration systems based on gasifier/gas turbine technologies and, for comparison, on conventional steam-turbine cogeneration technologies. Pressurized, oxygen-blown black liquor gasification, the most advanced of proposed commercial black liquor gasifier designs, is considered, together with three alternative biomass gasifier designs under commercial development (high-pressure air-blown, low-pressure air-blown, and low-pressure indirectly-heated). Heavy-duty industrial gas turbines of the 70-MWe and 25-MWe class are included in the analysis. Results indicate that gasification-based cogeneration with biomass-derived fuels would transform a typical pulp mill into a significant power exporter and would also offer possibilities for net reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide relative to present practice.

Integration of Advanced Gas Turbines in Pulp and Paper Mills for Increased Power Generation

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Maunsbach ◽  
A. Isaksson ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
G. Svedberg ◽  
L. Eidensten
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Combined Cycles

The pulp and paper industry handles large amounts of energy and today produces the steam needed for the process and some of the required electricity. Several studies have shown that black liquor gasification and combined cycles increase the power production significantly compared to the traditional processes used today. It is of interest to investigate the performance when advanced gas turbines are integrated with next-generation pulp and paper mills. The present study focused on comparing the combined cycle with the integration of advanced gas turbines such as steam injected gas turbine (STIG) and evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) in pulp and paper mills. Two categories of simulations have been performed: (1) comparison of gasification of both black liquor and biomass connected to either a combined cycle or steam injected gas turbine with a heat recovery steam generator; (2) externally fired gas turbine in combination with the traditional recovery boiler. The energy demand of the pulp and paper mills is satisfied in all cases and the possibility to deliver a power surplus for external use is verified. The study investigates new system combinations of applications for advanced gas turbines.

Integration of Advanced Gas Turbines in Pulp and Paper Mills for Increased Power Generation

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Maunsbach ◽  
Anna Isaksson ◽  
Jinyue Yan ◽  
Gunnar Svedberg ◽  
Lars Eidensten
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Combined Cycles

The pulp and paper industry handles large amounts of energy and today produces the steam needed for the process and some of the required electricity. Several studies have shown that black liquor gasification and combined cycles increase the power production significantly compared to the traditional processes used today. It is of interest to investigate the performance when advanced gas turbines are integrated with next-generation pulp and paper mills. The present study focused on comparing the combined cycle with the integration of advanced gas turbines such as steam injected gas turbine (STIG) and evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) in pulp and paper mills. Two categories of simulations have been performed: (1) comparison of gasification of both black liquor and biomass connected to either a combined cycle or steam injected gas turbine with a heat recovery steam generator; (2) externally fired gas turbine in combination with the traditional recovery boiler. The energy demand of the pulp and paper mills is satisfied in all cases and the possibility to deliver a power surplus for external use is verified. The study investigates new system combinations of applications for advanced gas turbines.

Preliminary Economics of Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Larson ◽  
Stefano Consonni ◽  
Thomas G. Kreutz
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Performance Modeling ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Pulp Production

Black liquor, the lignin-rich byproduct of kraft pulp production, is burned in boiler/steam turbine cogeneration systems at pulp mills today to provide heat and power for onsite use. Black liquor gasification technologies under development would enable this fuel to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports preliminary economics of 100-MWe scale integrated black-liquor gasifier/combined cycles using alternative commercially proposed gasifier designs. The economics are based on detailed full-load performance modeling and on capital, operating and maintenance costs developed in collaboration with engineers at Bechtel Corporation and Stone & Webster Engineering. Comparisons with conventional boiler/steam turbine systems are included. [S0742-4795(00)00402-6]

Biomass-Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration in the Pulp and Paper Industry

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Capital Costs

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion is raising new interest in using renewable biomass for energy. Modest-scale cogeneration systems using air-blown gasifiers coupled to aeroderivative gas turbines are expected to have high efficiencies and low unit capital costs, making them well-suited for use with biomass. Biomass-gasifier/gas turbine (BIG/GT) technology is not commercial, but efforts aimed at near-term commercialization are ongoing worldwide. Estimated performance and cost and prospects for commercial development of two BIG/GT systems are described, one using solid biomass fuel (e.g., wood chips), the other using kraft black liquor. At an energy-efficient kraft pulp mill, a BIG/GT cogeneration system could produce over three times as much electricity as is typically produced today. The mill’s on-site energy needs could be met and a large surplus of electricity would be available for export. Using in addition currently unutilized forest residues for fuel, electricity production would be nearly five times today’s level. The total cost to produce the electricity in excess of on-site needs is estimated to be below 4 cents per kWh in most cases. At projected growth rates for kraft pulp production, the associated biomass residue fuels could support up to 100 GW of BIG/GT capacity at kraft pulp mills worldwide in 2020 (30 GW in the US). The excess electricity production worldwide in 2020 would be equivalent to 10 percent of today’s electricity production from fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Preliminary Economics of Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Larson ◽  
Stefano Consonni ◽  
Thomas G. Kreutz
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Performance Modeling ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Pulp Production

Black liquor, the lignin-rich byproduct of kraft pulp production, is burned in boiler/steam turbine cogeneration systems at pulp mills today to provide heat and power for onsite use. Black liquor gasification technologies under development would enable this fuel to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports preliminary economics of 100-MWe scale integrated black-liquor gasifier/combined cycles using alternative commercially-proposed gasifier designs. The economics are based on detailed full-load performance modeling and on capital and operating and maintenance costs developed in collaboration with engineers at Bechtel Corporation and Stone and Webster Engineering. Comparisons with conventional boiler/steam turbine systems are included.

Biomass-Gasifier/Gas-Turbine Cogeneration in the Pulp and Paper Industry

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Capital Costs

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion is raising new interest in using renewable biomass for energy. Modest-scale cogeneration systems using air-blown gasifiers coupled to aeroderivative gas turbines are expected to have high efficiencies and low unit capital costs, making them well-suited for use with biomass. Biomass-gasifier/gas-turbine (BIG/GT) technology is not commercial, but efforts aimed at near-term commercialization are ongoing worldwide. Estimated performance and cost and prospects for commercial development of two BIG/GT systems are described, one using solid biomass fuel (e.g. wood chips), the other using kraft black liquor. At an energy-efficient kraft pulp mill, a BIG/GT cogeneration system could produce over three times as much electricity as is typically produced today. The mill’s on-site energy needs could be met and a large surplus of electricity would be available for export. Using in addition currently unutilized forest residues for fuel, electricity production would be nearly five times today’s level. The total cost to produce the electricity in excess of on-site needs is estimated to be below 4 cents per kWh in most cases. At projected growth rates for kraft pulp production, the associated biomass residue fuels could support up to 100 GW of BIG/GT capacity at kraft pulp mills worldwide in 2020 (30 GW in the US). The excess electricity production worldwide in 2020 would be equivalent to 10% of today’s electricity production from fossil fuels.

Differential recovery of δ13C in multiple tissues of white sucker across age classes after the closure of a pulp mill

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Arciszewski ◽  
A.J. Farwell ◽  
M.R. Servos ◽  
T.D. Jardine ◽  
K.R. Munkittrick
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Gonad Tissue ◽  
Age Range

Techniques to document recovery after the closure of pulp mills that discharge enriching effluents are not well established, but δ13C may be a useful tool. In the 1990s, the muscle tissue of white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) collected downstream of two pulp and paper mills discharging into separate streams (Mattagami and Kapuskasing rivers) was enriched in 13C compared with upstream fish, suggesting uptake of pulp-derived C. The Mattagami River mill was closed in 2006, and analysis of muscle and gonad for δ13C was performed in 2011. As expected, fish captured in 2011 downstream of the operational Kapuskasing mill still showed the influence of the pulp-derived C in muscle and gonad tissue. After the closure of the Mattagami River mill, muscle tissue of white sucker was still enriched in 13C compared with upstream fish, while gonad tissue was not. The patterns observed in the Mattagami River were, however, related to age; the oldest fish showed enrichment of δ13C in both muscle and gonad tissue, suggesting the residual occurrence of pulp-derived C. This study suggests that measurements of stable isotopes in fish across a broad age range may indicate ecosystem improvements. These techniques may also be useful where no data prior to the upgrade or closure are available for comparison.

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