scholarly journals An Integrated Dual Ultrasonic Selective Powder Dispensing Platform for Three-Dimensional Printing of Multiple Material Metal/Glass Objects in Selective Laser Melting

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoji Zhang ◽  
Chao Wei ◽  
Yuan-Hui Chueh ◽  
Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Multiple Material

In this paper, we present a new approach of combining point-by-point selective powder delivery with powder bed fusion for multiple material (metal/glass) components printing. Dual ultrasonic vibration was used to achieve stable flowrates of both 316 L steel and soda-lime glass powders which were dispensed selectively and separately. The effects of the stand-off distance and the scanning speeds on the quality of the formed layers were investigated. The results showed that the ratio between the stand-off distance and the powder size (h/d) should be lower than 3 for accurate selective material deposition. However, in practical processing, for preventing the nozzle from being damaged by the parts, the stand-off distance was larger than three times of the powder size. Different laser processing parameters were developed for processing the metal and glass due to material property differences. The interfaces between 316 L and soda-lime glass were examined. A number of 3D objects consisting of metal and glass were printed using this method.

Generating Robot Trajectories for Conformal Three-Dimensional Printing Using Nonplanar Layers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddha V. Shembekar ◽  
Yeo Jung Yoon ◽  
Alec Kanyuck ◽  
Satyandra K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Good Surface Finish

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been widely used to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) objects quickly and cost-effectively. However, building parts consisting of complex geometries with curvatures can be a challenging process for the traditional AM system whose capability is restricted to planar layered printing. Using six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) industrial robots for AM overcomes this limitation by allowing the material deposition to take place on nonplanar surfaces. In this paper, we present trajectory planning algorithms for 3D printing using nonplanar material deposition. Trajectory parameters are selected to avoid collision with printing surface and satisfy robot constraints. We have implemented our approach by using a 6DOF robot arm. The complex 3D structures with various curvatures were successfully fabricated with a good surface finish.

Growth of CuInSe2 crystals in Cu-rich Cu–In–Se thin films

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1456-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Wada ◽  
Naoki Kohara ◽  
Takayuki Negami ◽  
Mikihiko Nishitani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Impurity Phase ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Soda Lime Glass Substrate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Topotactic Reaction

A Cu-rich CuInSe2 (CIS) thin film with an atomic ratio of Cu/In = 3.6 was characterized using high-resolution and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The film was deposited on a Mo coated soda-lime glass substrate by physical vapor deposition. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) showed that a secondary impurity phase such as Cu2Se segregated on the CIS surface. The three-dimensional crystallographic relationship between the Cu2Se and CIS was found to be (111)Cu2Se (111)CIS and [011]Cu2Se || [011]CIS where the Cu2Se and CIS had pseudocubic structures with a = 5.8 Å and a = 11.6 Å, respectively. CuPt type CIS could be observed near the interface between the Cu2Se and CIS. A growth model of CIS crystals under Cu and Se excess condition is proposed based on the results of TEM. The characteristics of the CIS growth model in Cu-rich CIS film are summarized as follows: (i) CIS crystals are produced from Cu2Se crystals by a “topotactic reaction,” and (ii) sphalerite and/or CuPt type CIS are produced first after the reaction, and (iii) the metastable sphalerite and/or CuPt type CIS is then transformed to the stable chalcopyrite CIS phase.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation Of Nanostructures Generated On Glasses Using A MHz Femtosecond Laser

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Vipparty
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Irradiation ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Nanoparticle Agglomerate ◽  
Insight Into

This dissertation reports the synthesis of unique Si0₂ based nanostructures by exposing glass samples to MHz repletion rate femtosecond laser irradiation. A three-dimensional fibrous nanoparticle agglomerate network was observed on soda-lime glass (73% SiO + other compounds) when exposed to femtosecond laser irradiation at 8.4 MHz and 12.6 MHz repetition rate and 0.5 ms dwell time, in air. By irradiating silica glass (96% SiO₂+ trace elements) sample under ambient conditions with femtosecond pulses at 12.6 MHz and dwell time in excess of 3.0 ms; long continuous nanofibers of extremely high aspect ration (certain fibers up to 100000:1) were obtained. The mechanisms that promote such nanostructures with distinct morphologies have been explored. A deeper insight into the fundamentals of femtosecond laser interaction with dielectrics led to the understanding that variations in bandgap alters ablation dynamics and dictates the response of glass to femtosecond laser irradiation, ultimately resulting in the formation of structures with dissimilar morphology on silica and soda-lime glass.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation Of Nanostructures Generated On Glasses Using A MHz Femtosecond Laser

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Vipparty
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Irradiation ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Nanoparticle Agglomerate ◽  
Insight Into

This dissertation reports the synthesis of unique Si0₂ based nanostructures by exposing glass samples to MHz repletion rate femtosecond laser irradiation. A three-dimensional fibrous nanoparticle agglomerate network was observed on soda-lime glass (73% SiO + other compounds) when exposed to femtosecond laser irradiation at 8.4 MHz and 12.6 MHz repetition rate and 0.5 ms dwell time, in air. By irradiating silica glass (96% SiO₂+ trace elements) sample under ambient conditions with femtosecond pulses at 12.6 MHz and dwell time in excess of 3.0 ms; long continuous nanofibers of extremely high aspect ration (certain fibers up to 100000:1) were obtained. The mechanisms that promote such nanostructures with distinct morphologies have been explored. A deeper insight into the fundamentals of femtosecond laser interaction with dielectrics led to the understanding that variations in bandgap alters ablation dynamics and dictates the response of glass to femtosecond laser irradiation, ultimately resulting in the formation of structures with dissimilar morphology on silica and soda-lime glass.

Three Dimensional Printing: Surface Finish and Microstructure of Rapid Prototyped Components

1991 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lauder ◽  
M.J. Cima ◽  
E. Sachs ◽  
T. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Powder Density ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Scan Pattern ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Dimensional Printing

ABSTRACTThree Dimensional Printing is a process for rapid prototyping of functional components. Thin layers of powder are bound in selected areas by ink-jet printing of a liquid binder. Layers are added sequentially until a three dimensional part is completed. The unbound powder is then removed. The raster scan pattern and layering used in forming has an observable effect on the surface finish and microstructure of the part, as does the chemistry of the particular materials system used. Important phenomena include ballistic interaction of the jet with the powder bed and wicking of the binder. Process parameters such as layer height, flow rate, and powder density were studied. Microstructural examination of the printed components is also reported.

Development of 3D printing sustainable mortars based on a bibliometric analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072199521
Author(s):  
J Teixeira ◽  
CO Schaefer ◽  
B Rangel ◽  
J Lino Alves ◽  
L Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Dimensional Printing

In construction, three-dimensional concrete printing technology is an innovative method that opens new design possibilities, reducing the construction time process. The incremental material deposition allows organic shapes without formwork, a mandatory constraint in preparatory phases of conventional complex concrete structures. Nowadays, in three-dimensional printing for construction industry, concrete is the most used material due to its workability, extrudability, and pumpability properties favorable for the printing conditions. Hence, this composition still has a poor sustainable efficiency due to the high levels of Portland Cement. In this research, a reduction of this material was studied and experimented searching for a mortar composition with better ecological footprint, with the objective of decreasing the CO2 emissions. A bibliometric analysis was made to study the constituents of a mortar for three-dimensional printing and respective dosage. The knowledge acquired in the analysis of the compositions contributed to the development of mortars with lower Portland Cement content. A mechanical extruder was used to check the extrusion capacity of the developed mortars, and the best compositions are presented.

scholarly journals Texturing of Glass Surface using Micro-slurry Jet Machining Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Yamaguchi ◽  
Koshi Sakata ◽  
Keiji Kasamura ◽  
Yuta Nakashima ◽  
Yoshitaka Nakanishi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Laser Machine ◽  
Co Laser ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Existing methods for the microfabrication of convex structures on a glass surface require a complex and expensive masking process. In this study, a simple microfabrication method that combines the masking process using polyimide tapes and a micro-slurry jet (MSJ) process was developed. The masking process was performed using a CO₂ laser machine, and the surface of the processed glass was observed using a three-dimensional laser microscope. Although the geometric shape of the mask was not a perfect circle, convex structures with a diameter of approximately 1.0 mm and heights of more than 1.5 μm were formed on soda-lime glass surfaces. The deepest structures were observed to create convex structures with a height of 19 µm. The effects of the travel speed of the nozzle and number of repetitions of the MSJ process on the height of the convex structures on the glass surface were also investigated. It was found that the masking process combining polyimide tapes and the MSJ process could form high-convexity structures on the glass surface. The proposed method is expected to enable the fabrication of devices with various functional properties for materials that cannot be processed using existing methods.

3D Printing of Biocompatible PM-Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dourandish ◽  
Dirk Godlinski ◽  
Abdolreza Simchi
Keyword(s):  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Dimensional Printing

The fabrication of complex-shaped parts out of Co-Cr-Mo alloy and 316L stainless steel by three-dimensional printing (3DP) is studied using two grades of each alloy with average particle size of 20 and 75 )m, respectively. To produce sound specimens, the proper 3DP processing parameters were determined. The sintering behavior of the powders is characterized by dilatometric analysis and by batch sintering in argon atmosphere at 1280°C for 2h. The 3DP process has successfully produced complex-shaped biomedical parts with total porosity of 12-25% and homogenous pore structure, which is suitable for tissue growth into the pores.

scholarly journals The Design of Applying Gamification in an Immersive Virtual Reality Virtual Laboratory for Powder-Bed Binder Jetting 3DP Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Pai-Hsun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
System Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Training System ◽  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Game Elements ◽  
Learning Interest ◽  
Binder Jetting

The integration of Virtual Reality (VR) and gamification techniques can be used to produce a fun virtual laboratory, including virtual spaces and educational content. This study developed a prototype for a virtual laboratory for powder-bed binder jetting three-dimensional printing (3DP) training in universities. The 3DP virtual laboratory is expected to address problems encountered in teaching, training, and practicing with powder-bed binder jetting 3DP. The 3DP Training Virtual Laboratory was developed by using immersive VR technology to simulate two-handed operations. The user evaluation of the first version prototype revealed that the students lacked learning interest and motivation when using the prototype. Thus, gamification technology was integrated into the 3DP virtual laboratory prototype in the mid-implementation development phase. After refining and systematically developing the model to meet the modified requirements, user evaluations on the game elements showed positive feedback. This study concluded that elements of gamification design should be considered at the beginning of the educational or training system development in order to enhance students’ motivation or engagement.

Hybrid Deposition Manufacturing: Design Strategies for Multimaterial Mechanisms Via Three-Dimensional Printing and Material Deposition

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond R. Ma ◽  
Joseph T. Belter ◽  
Aaron M. Dollar
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layered Manufacturing ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Design Options ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Am Processes

This paper describes a novel fabrication technique called hybrid deposition manufacturing (HDM), which combines additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as fused deposition manufacturing (FDM) with material deposition and embedded components to produce multimaterial parts and systems for robotics, mechatronics, and articulated mechanism applications. AM techniques are used to print both permanent components and sacrificial molds for deposited resins and inserted parts. Design strategies and practical techniques for developing these structures and molds are described, taking into account considerations such as printer resolution, build direction, and printed material strength. The strengths of interfaces between printed and deposited materials commonly used in the authors' implementation of the process are measured to characterize the robustness of the resulting parts. The process is compared to previously documented layered manufacturing methodologies, and the authors present examples of systems produced with the process, including robot fingers, a multimaterial airless tire, and an articulated camera probe. This effort works toward simplifying fabrication and assembly complexity over comparable techniques, leveraging the benefits of AM, and expanding the range of design options for robotic mechanisms.

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